- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Ecology & environment
- •1. Read the following quotes. What are they all about?
- •Environment
- •2. Find in the text and write down the words that you can understand without translation (I.E. International words; for example, biology …).
- •3. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •Ecology
- •8. What are the subjects of the following sciences mentioned in the text? Make up sentences by matching columns:
- •10. Answer the following questions:
- •Ecology
- •Unit 2. History of ecology
- •2. Look through the text and find the ecological and biological terms you are already familiar with from the previous unit. Give their definitions.
- •3. Find in the text international words, read and translate them.
- •4. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •5. Read the following English word combinations and supply the Russian equivalents:
- •6. Replace the following by one word. Use the text «History of ecology» if necessary.
- •7. Here are the names of several famous scientists mentioned in the text. They are:
- •8. Translate the verbs underlined in the text «History of ecology». Pay attention to the tenses they are used in.
- •9. Read the text, translate it (using a dictionary if necessary) and draw a table showing the main stages in the history of ecology. It can be done in this way:
- •History of ecology
- •Unit 3. Pollution
- •1. Read the sentences. What do they mean?
- •2. Find in the text international words, read and translate them
- •3. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations and write them down:
- •Pollution
- •10. Complete the sentences:
- •11. Look at the boxes and match the suggestions with the results. Then, link the sentences with so that or to and talk about how we can improve the living conditions in our cities:
- •12. Find the right title for each instruction: simple ways you can help save the earth
- •Quiz «How green are you?»
- •Unit 4. Global warming
- •1. Read and comment on the following quote. In your opinion, is global warming reality or is it just a myth?
- •2. Now take this quiz and find out who knows more about global warming!
- •3. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •4. Now complete the following sentences using the words from ex. 3 (not all the words are needed):
- •5. Find English equivalents in the text to the following word combinations, read and write them down:
- •6. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Global Warming
- •Global Warming
- •13. Complete the sentences:
- •14. Answer the following questions:
- •Список используемой литературы
4. Now complete the following sentences using the words from ex. 3 (not all the words are needed):
1. The global average temperature has … .
2. Greenhouse gases are … largely of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.
3. In large quantities these gases are … to the environment.
4. Environmentalists and ecologists are trying to … people to take environmentally friendly actions.
5. Greenhouse gases … heat near the earth.
6. One of the largest factors contributing to global warming is … and its many effects.
7. It’s extremely difficult to … the effects of global warming in the future.
8. Greenhouse gases are … the Earth.
5. Find English equivalents in the text to the following word combinations, read and write them down:
парниковый эффект, ультракрасное излучение, двуокись углерода, страны третьего мира, развитые страны, поверхность Земли, загрязняющее вещество, свалка мусора, истощение озонового слоя, рост промышленности, узнать последствия глобального потепления в будущем, почти невозможно предсказать, повышение уровня моря, угроза глобального потепления; сторонник защиты окружающей среды.
6. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
The earth's lower atmosphere; gradual increase of the temperature; greenhouse gases; the greenhouse layer; passing unimpeded; a blanket of thermal gases; average temperature suitable to life; this may not sound like much; as never before; may expand rather than contract; raising fossil fuel prices; taxing emissions; to take environmentally friendly actions; family planning services; a key method; beneficial to life; laws and treaties.
7. Match the words from a) with the correct meaning from b). Use a dictionary if necessary.
a) to attempt; to soar; to happen; to relocate; inhabitant; effect; to stop; to exist; to combat; amount; to prevent; to augment.
b) to rise rapidly; to fight; quantity; to set in a new location; result; to try; to cease, to occur; to live; person who lives in a place; to increase; to stop something happening.
8. Read the following words, define their parts of speech with the help of the suffixes they are formed by; translate the words and write down the translation.
Model: harmful (-ful- суффикс прилагательного).
Suitable- to suit; growth- to grow; additional- addition- to add; beneficial- benefit- to benefit; disruptive-disruption- to disrupt; disastrous- disaster; inhabitant- to inhabit; environmentalists- environmental- environment- to environ; successfully- successful- success; emission- to emit; flooding- to flood.
9. There are some verbs highlighted in the text «Global Warming». Translate them paying attention to the tense used.
Model: are trying- пытаются. Вспомогательный глагол указывает на настоящее продолженное время, множественное число.
10. Find in the text «Global Warming» examples of comparative and superlative forms of adjectives, write them down and translate.
11. Read the text, translate it (using a dictionary if necessary) and make notes under the following headings as shown in the table: