- •Передмова
- •Unit 1 Part 1. The National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
- •1. Read the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Translate these words into Ukrainian:
- •5. Finish the following sentences:
- •6. Define whether the statements based on the text are true or false. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •Part 2. Economy and Industry of Ukraine
- •1. Read the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Translate the following words and word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •4. Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the above text.
- •6. Put have/has or have got/has got into the given sentences.
- •7. Write the questions that go with the following answers.
- •Part 3. Industry of Great Britain
- •3. Answer the following questions. There is just one correct answer to each of them.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the proper word from the text.
- •5. Translate the following words into Ukrainian:
- •6. Translate the following words into English:
- •7. Refer the given sentences to Past Indefinite. Make up all kinds of questions to each of the sentences.
- •8. Divide the following infinitives into two columns and give their second and third forms.
- •Unit 2 Part 1. The Best Cars in the World
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read and translate the following passages :
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •Part 2. Henry Ford
- •3. Work in pairs. Make up 5 questions to the text and let your partner answer them. Then exchange the roles.
- •4. Try to find in the text the antonyms to the following words:
- •5. Try to write a short story of Henry Ford's life in chronological order:
- •6. Match the word with its translation. The first one is done for you.
- •7. Read the sentences below. Fill in the gaps with appropriate simple indefinite pronouns.
- •8. There are three forms of indefinite pronouns: affirmative, interrogative and negative. One sentence in each line is done for you. Fill in the table.
- •9. Make up sentences with each of the following
- •Unit 3 Part 1. From the History of Computer
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Translate the following sentences and make up 4 different questions to each of them:
- •4. Find the “odd” word:
- •5. Match the words with their translations:
- •6. Try to put these words in the right order and make a sentence.
- •7. Correct the mistakes.
- •8. Fill in a/an or the where necessary.
- •Part 2. Robots – Ideal Workers
- •1. Read the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Read and translate the text:
- •4. Match the questions in column a with the answers in column b.
- •5. Will you agree with the following statements? Give your reasons.
- •6. Match the words with the similar meaning.
- •Unit 4 part 1. The Era of High-Tech Pollution
- •3. Read and translate the following words into Ukrainian:
- •4. Fill in the missing information in the following summary using the above text.
- •5. Find the odd word out.
- •6. Match the types of pollution with their effects
- •7. Fill in the word(s) from the list below. Use the word(s) only once.
- •8. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below:
- •Part 2. Environmental Protection
- •1. Read the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Match a line in a with a line in b.
- •4. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below:
- •5. Match the words with the opposite meaning.
- •6. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •7. Make all possible word combinations.
- •8. Find in each line the derivative from the first word.
- •Unit 5 Part 1. Science in our Life
- •1. Read the following words:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Change the direct speech into the indirect speech.
- •4. Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets. Mind the rules of sequence of tenses.
- •5. Put as many questions to each sentence as possible.
- •6. Ask your partner and then say what they answered
- •7. Translate into English.
- •Part 2. The Science of Mechanics
- •1. Read the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Work in pairs. Make up 5 questions to the text and let your partner answer them.
- •4. Match the word with its translation. The first one is done for you.
- •1. Read the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words.
- •1. Read the following words and word combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •7. Answer the following questions. There is just one correct answer to each of them.
- •Unit 7 Part 1. Metals
- •1. Read and translate the following words and words-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text. Memorize all highlighted words:
- •3. Fill in the gaps using the text:
- •4. Translate the following words into English:
- •5. Transform sentences from Active to Passive Voice:
- •6. Make up Passive tense forms with the following words:
- •Part 2. Mechanical Properties
- •1. Read and translate the following words and words-combinations:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Choose the proper example.
- •4. Fill in the gaps using sentences from the text:
- •5. Find out which statements are true (t) or false (f). Correct mistakes:
- •6. Transform sentences from Active into Passive Voice:
- •7. Translate the following words and learn them:
- •8. Fill in the table with the missing forms of verb:
3. Fill in the gaps using the text:
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Gold, silver and copper were found by…
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Iron can be separated from its ores in reasonably… quantities and at fairly … cost.
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Metals have comparatively high …with the exception of mercury.
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Steel is still the basic material of…
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Bronze is used for objects intended to resist …of the atmosphere.
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In the ancient times, gold, silver, copper, tin, iron, lead and mercury… as …
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From the point of tonnage produced and used …is the world's most common metal
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Zinc… in its role as one of the constituents of the alloy brass.
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The present age is… and it is important that we should have some acquaintance with these useful substances.
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Seven or eight metals …until the eighteenth century.
4. Translate the following words into English:
золото, срібло, мідь, свинець, сталь, цинк, нікель, кобальт, залізо; існувати, знайомство, тепло, латунь, ртуть, ковка, точка плавлення, дорогоцінні матеріали, сплав, речовина (сполука), відокремлювати.
5. Transform sentences from Active to Passive Voice:
Example Romans cremated Julius Caesar’s body 2,000 years ago.
Julius Caesar’s body was cremated 2,000 years ago.
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People use steel for producing armaments.
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Primitive man found metals free in nature.
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If someone mixed tin with copper the resulting substance would be harder.
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The Egyptians and Assyrians made some use of iron a number of centuries before our era.
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Scientists developed methods for separating iron from its ores in reasonably large quantities and at fairly low cost.
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People knew zinc as one of the constituents of the alloy brass.
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Analyst can melt metals high melting point temperature.
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We call bronze an important material in the scientific and technical progress.
6. Make up Passive tense forms with the following words:
Example: to do
|
|
Indefinite |
Continuous |
Perfect |
|
Present |
is done |
is being done |
have been done |
|
Past |
was done |
was being done |
has been done |
|
Future |
will be done |
----------- |
will have been done |
to knew, to change, to use, to increase, to find, to mix, to give, to develop, to separate, to call, to produce.
Part 2. Mechanical Properties
1. Read and translate the following words and words-combinations:
properties, important, strength, elasticity, extension or compression, per unit, permanently, associated, stretching, indentation, toughness, durability, creep, humidity.
2. Read and translate the text.
Mechanical properties are those associated with how a material reacts when subjected to external forces. It is important that you understand the effect of force upon materials. Force will cause material to become stressed. Stress relates to how much load is applied to a given area. Strain is another result of the application of force. This is defined as the amount of distortion (extension or compression) that takes place per unit of length.
Strength is the ability of a material to withstand force without breaking or permanently bending. Figure 1.5 shows how different types of strength resist different types of force.
Elasticity is the ability of a material to bent and flex when subjected to a force and then to return to its previous form when the force is removed. Structures such as bridges and tall building must have a degree of elasticity.
Plasticity is the ability of a material to be changed permanently in shape (deformed) by the application of an external force without breaking or fractures. Most materials become more plastic when heated. The extent to which a material's shape can become changed by hammering, rolling or pressing is called malleability. Another associated term is ductility; this is the ability to undergo cold plastic deformation by bending or stretching. All ductile materials are malleable, but all malleable materials are not necessarily ductile.
Hardness is the ability to resist abrasive wear, indentation and deformation. This is the important property of cutting tools such as turning tools, drills, files and saws.
Toughness is the ability to withstand sudden stress in the form of shocks or blows without fracturing, and also to resist cracking when subjected to bending forces. Repeated bending will cause the toughness of some materials to break down such that they will eventually fracture.
Brittleness is the opposite of toughness. A brittle material will not withstand shocks or bending without fracture.
Durability is the ability to withstand wear, tear and deterioration with time. Durability refers to both the mechanical properties and the appearance of the surface, particularly of metals, is corrosion. Plastic materials are generally less prone to corrosive effects and are therefore durable.
Stability is the ability to resist changes in shape and size over time. Wood is particularly unstable and tends to warp and twist with changes in humidity. Metals and some plastics tend to gradually deform when subjected to stress over long periods; this process is known as creep.