- •Unit 1 Text: Economic activity Предтекстовые упражнения
- •The science of economics
- •Послетекстовые упражнения (the exercises to be done after reading the text)
- •Unit 3 Text: Microeconomics and macroeconomics
- •Microeconomics and macroeconomics.
- •Послетекстовое упражнение
- •Planned economics.
- •Послетекстовые упражнения (the exercises be done after reading the text)
- •Market economic.
- •Послетекстовые упражнения (The exercises be done after reading the text)
- •Unit 6 Text Mixed economics
- •Mixed economics
- •Послетекстовые упражнения
- •Text: Accounting Предтекстовые упражнения (The exercisers to be done before reading the text)
- •Accounting.
- •Послетекстовые упражнения (The exercises to be done after reading the text)
- •Dialogue
- •A balance sheet
- •An income statement
- •Balance sheets
- •Words and expressions
- •Exercises
- •1.Translate into Russian:
- •2. Make sentences:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
Planned economics.
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Planned economics are economics with a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government takes all the decisions.
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The state decides precisely what the nation is to produce. It usually plans five years ahead. It is the intention of the planners that there should be enough goods and services for all. Each industry and farm meets its target, then the state will meet its Targets as set out in the five – year plans.
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A planned economy has a number of advantages.
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Everyone in society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard of living.
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Nations do not waste resources duplicating production.
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The state can use its control of the economy.
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Everyone receives a good education, proper health care.
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The disadvantages of this kind of economics are:
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There is no incentive for individuals to work hard in planned economics.
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Any profits that are made are paid to the government.
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Citizens cannot start their own businesses.
Послетекстовые упражнения (the exercises be done after reading the text)
Упражнение 5. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 2, 3, 4.
Упражнение 6. Ответьте на вопросы:
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What is planned economics?
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What does the state precisely decide?
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What is the intention of the planners?
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What are advantages of planned economics?
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What are disadvantages of this economic system?
Упражнение 7. Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами.
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Planned economics are economics … a large amount … central planning.
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It is the intention … the planners.
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Everyone is society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard … living.
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The state can use its control… the economy.
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Any profits that are made are paid … the government.
Упражнение 8. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующие по смыслу окончания.
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Planned economics are economics with a large amount…
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of central planning
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of management
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of incentive for individuals/
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… decides precisely what nation is to produce
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individual
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the state
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manager
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Any profits that are made are paid to…
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individuals
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government
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factory
Упражнение 9. Переведите предложение на английский язык.
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Главная экономика – это экономика с большим объемом центрального планирования и руководства.
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Правительство принимает все решения.
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Каждая отрасль промышленности, каждое предприятие получает производственное задание, которое надо выполнить.
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Государство решает, что должна производить наука.
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Преимущества этой экономической системы: каждый получает достаточное количество товаров и услуг, чтобы иметь основной уровень жизни.
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Недостатки:
- гражданин не может начать свой собственный бизнес;
- личность не имеет инициативы, чтобы работать лучше.
Unit 5
Text
Market economics
Предтекстовые упражнение
(The exercises to be done before reading the text)
Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и постарайтесь запомнить их русские эквиваленты.
to own and run businesses –владеть и управлять бизнесом
to intervene-вмешиваться
private enterprise-частное предпринимательство
private ownership of the means of production-частичная собственность на средства производства
private supplies of capital-частный капитал
surplus income available for investment in a new business activities-дополнительный доход, который можно вложить в новое дело
to employ-нанимать, представлять работу
to adjust automatically-автоматически приспосабливаться
to pursue one s own interest-преследовать свои интересы
consumer-потребитель
willing-согласный
persuade-убеждать
to alter swiftly-быстро меняться
Упражнение 2. Прочитайте и переведите слова и сопоставьте их с русскими эквивалентами
to intervene, to be based on, private enterprise, means of production, private supplies of capital, consumer, willing, to persuade, to alter swiftly
Упражнение 3. Прочитайте и переведите слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы и префиксы
to intervene-intervention
possible-impossible
profit-profitable
to produce-production
to employ-employer-employment-unemployment
person-personal
possible-possibility
Упражнение 4.Переведите на русский язык предложения. Обратите внимание на новые слова и словосочетания.
1. In a true market economy the government plays no role in the management of the economy.
2. The system is based on private enterprise with private ownership of means of production and capital.
3. Workers are paid wages by employers according to how skilled they are.
4. Firms producing these goods will make more profits.
Text
Прочтите текст, постарайтесь понять его общее содержание.
