Упражнение 2. Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы.

1. A lot of houses построено in Moscow and other towns.2.When было написано this letter? 3. The letter было написано this morning. 4. Whom будет переведена this article into English by? 5. The article переведена already. 6. This question обсуждался when we came in. 7. Where are the students? They экзаменуются now in the next room.8. By the time they arrive the work закончена. 9. A huge plant in the town of N был построен recently. 10. The little boy смотрели with interest by the people. 9. I (to check up) my homework before she (to question) me.

Упражнение 3. Употребите правильную форму глагола в пассивном залоге.

1. You (advise) to wear warm shoes in winter. 2. The time before bed (spend) very pleasantly. 3. Sniffer dogs (use) by police to detect drugs and explosives. 4. Huge pine trees (uproot) by the storm. 5. You (allow, not) to buy cigarettes if you are under sixteen. 6. Toyotas (manufacture) in Japan. 7. This road never (clean). 8. Gold (discover) in Eastern Canada. 9. When I saw him, he (chase) by a large dog. 10. Several towns (destroy) by the eruption of Vesuvius.

Упражнение 4. Измените предложения по образцу.

Образец: A telephone call woke me up. – I was woken up by a telephone call.

1. My father built this cottage. 2. Beginners use that computer. 3. Somebody is opening the window now 4. We sold the last French text -book. 5. People all over Russia watch the news. 6. The moonlight lit everything in the room. 7. Don’t worry, we shall settle your problems. 8. We have just sent for the doctor. 9. The Semyenovs don’t use this room very often. 10. Thomas Coryate brought forks from Italy to England. 11. He has just repaired his car. 12. Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person. 13. The secretary is still typing the letter. 14. Mum cut the meat and chopped it. 15. Snow covered everything. 16. The police have been looking for him for a month! 17. He described his new flat for me. 18. Our chief offered me a day- off. 19. He pointed out the mistake to me. 20. They don’t allow their children to go far from home.

Упражнение 5 . Замените действительный залог страдательным, обращая внимание на место предлога.

1. The senior students laughed at the freshman. 2. The group spoke tom the dean yesterday. 3. Young mothers looked after their babies with great care.4. Nobody lived in that old house. 5. We thought about our friend all the time. 6. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 7. The teacher sent for the pupils parents. 8. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 9. Nobody slept in the bed. 10. The neighbor asked for the telegram.

Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Над ним смеялись, когда он сказал это. 2. На них смотрели с большим интересом. 3. За ними уже послали? 4. На эту статью часто ссылаются. 5. Об этой книге много говорят. 6. На него можно положиться. 7. Я уверен, что его будут слушать с большим вниманием. 8. Когда лодка пропала из вида, мы пошли домой. 9. Я думаю, их спору не будет конца. 10. Этот музей посещают очень часто.

Упражнение 7. Замените действительный залог страдательным.

А) 1. Many people attend the lecture. 2. Someone has eaten the cake. 3. He will leave the ticket on the table. 4. They were discussing the report the whole evening. 5. People speak English in many countries. 6. Snow will cover the fields in winter. 7. Everyone can see the film soon. 8. The gardener has planted some apple –trees. 9. His parents have bought him a new bicycle. 10. They will advertise the product on TV.

В) 1. An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln. 2. Alexander Bell invented the telephone. 3. The Chinese invented paper. 4. They invented photography. 5. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people. 6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal mausoleum for his wife who died in 1631. 7. They make Volkswagen cars in Germany. 8. Columbus discovered America. 9. Fleming discovered penicillin. 10. They talked much about that problem.

Упражнение 8. Переведите следующие предложения.

1. Вся домашняя работа сделана: ошибки исправлены, новые слова выучены, предложения переведены, сочинение написано. 2. Тихо! Не шумите! Она сейчас дает интервью. 3. Радио «Европа-плюс» слушают во всей России. 4. Это вкусное блюдо было приготовлено итальянским поваром. 5. Многие современные лекарства делают из растений. 6. Музыка к опере «Женитьба Фигаро» была написана Моцартом. 7. Результаты экзаменов будут объявлены завтра утром. 8. Не прикасайся к забору. Его только что покрасили. 9. Все деревья и цветы в этом саду посажены мною. 10. Ошибка была сделана очень давно, а исправлена только сейчас.

Упражнение 9. Дайте правильный ответ на следующие вопросы, используя подсказки.

1. Was “Mona Lisa” painted by Picasso? 2. Was Mickey Mouse created by Warners? 3. Was the song “Imagine” written by Elvis Presley? 4. Was the film “Titanic” directed by Alfred Hitchcock? 5. Was “Romeo and Juliet” written by Agatha Christie? 6. Was the Parthenon built by the ancient Romans? 7. Was the telephone invented by Siemens? 8. Was America discovered by Marco Polo? 9. Was “The Moonlight Sonata” composed by Tchaikovsky? 10. Were the pyramids built in China?

Leonardo da Vinci, the ancient Egyptians, James Cameron, the ancient Greeks, Walt Disney, John Lennon, Shakespeare, Alexander Bell, Christopher Columbus, Beethoven

Упражнение 10. Переведите на русский язык .

1. The box must be taken to the station. 2. The river can be crossed on a raft. 3. The building of the house can be finished very soon. 4. The books must be returned in two days. 5. Three of these exercises must be done tomorrow. 6. The book you need can be found in any library. 7. The letters must be sent at once. 8. This mistake can be easily everywhere. 9. The doctor says she must be taken to the hospital. 10. Even the tallest trees can be climbed by monkeys.

Упражнение 11. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя Passive Indefinite после модальных глаголов.

1. Руки надо мыть перед каждой едой. 2. Комнаты нужно регулярно проветривать. 3. Кошку надо кормить рыбой. 4. Собаку можно кормить мясом и овощами. 5. Ребенку надо давать фрукты. 6. Книги надо положить в шкаф. 7. Эту картину можно повесить над камином. 8. Как можно перевести это слово? 9. На что нужно обратить внимание? 10. Нужно записать твой номер телефона.

Упражнение 12. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice. Введите любые подходящие подлежащие, соответственно изменяя структуру предложения.

Например: 1. The room was cleaned and aired. – Olga cleaned and aired the room.

1. The room was cleaned and aired. 2. Have all these books been read? 3. Whom were these letters written by? 4. The letter has just been typed. 5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be allowed to go there. 7. He has been told everything, so he knows what to do now. 8. All the questions must be answered. 9. The door has been left open. 10. When will these books be returned to the library?

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН (SEQUENCE OF TENSES)

Правило согласования времён действует в сложноподчиненных дополнительных придаточных предложениях, если сказуемое в главном предложении стоит в прошедшем времени.

Сдвиг времён в придаточном дополнительном при главном предложении в прошедшем времени.

Форма сказуемого до согласования	Форма сказуемого после согласования	Выражаемое действие
Present Simple → V/Vs; am, is are + 3fV	Past Simple Ved/2fV; was/were + 3fV	Действие придаточного предложения происхо-дит одновременно с дей-ствием главного
Present Continuous → am, is, are +Ving am, is are + being+ 3fV	Past Continuous was/were + Ving; was/were + being + 3fV
Present Perfect → have/ has + 3fV have/has + been + 3fV	Past Perfect had + 3fV; had + been + 3fV	Действие придаточного предложения предшест-вует действию главного
Past Simple → Ved/2fV; was/were + 3fV
Future Simple → shall/will + V; shall/will + be + 3fV	Future-in-the-Past should/would + V; should/would + be + 3fV	Действие придаточного предложения совершается позже действия главного

Например:

I know he Я знаю, что он works at this plant worked at this plant will work at this plant

работает на этом заводе работал на этом заводе будет работать на этом заводе

I knew he Я знал, что он worked at the plant had worked at the plant would work at the plant

Обратите внимание, что на русский язык придаточное предложение переводится одинаково в обоих случаях.

Упражнение 1. Перепишите следующие предложения в прошедшем времени. Обратите внимание на зависимость времени придаточного дополнительного предложения от времени главного.

1. He says he has spent a fortnight in the Caucasus. 2. He says it did him a lot of good. 3. He says he feels better now. 4. He says his wife and he spent most of their time on the beach. 5. He says they did a lot of sightseeing. 6. He says he has a good camera. 7. He says English will be taught by Mr. Wilson. 8. She says the way has been shown to her. 9. They say the Poles were led into the thickest part of the forest by Ivan Susanin

Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола.

1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 5. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 6. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the “Ritz” Hotel. 7. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 8. He asked me where I (study, studied). 9. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time. 10. Victor said he (is, was) very busy.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требуемом времени.

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 2. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 3. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 4. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 5. I suppose they (to send) a dog after a burglar immediately. 6. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 7. She says she already (to find) the book. 8. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike) five. 9. I asked my neighbor if he ever (to travel) by air before. 10. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early.