Match the titles with some brief information to each of them.

If everything is correct, you’ll find out important features are displayed

In the muster lists:

the title	the brief explanation to the title
Types of Emergency and different alarms for the same	a. Brief instruction is given in case the alarm for a particular emergency is sounded, which includes action to be taken by the crew onboard.
Instruction to follow in case of different types of emergency	b. The crew name is displayed along with the assigned lifeboat for abandon ship emergency. Normally two lifeboats are assigned in between all the crew member i.e. port side and starboard side life boat.
Common Muster point for all the crew	c. Different teams are made to tackle emergencies like fire, flooding etc. these are command team, emergency team, emergency team, roving commission and engine room team.
Crew list of all crew member with assigned life boat	d. Ship specifications are displayed along with the communication methods and equipments to be used in case of emergency.
Assigned duties for abandon ship	e. Main emergencies like fire, man overboard, abandon ship, oil spill etc. are listed along with dedicated visual and audible alarms.
Different teams with assigned duties for the individuals of the team for emergencies	f. A separate section for general and special instructions is provided which is used by the master or the chief engineer of the vessel to keep inform or to instruct the crew of the ship.
Ship Specification and emergency communication equipment	g. All the crew listed in the muster list are assigned with duties to perform in emergency situation like carrying EPIRB and SART, lifeboat and life raft launching etc.
Special and general instruction by master	h. The common muster point is clearly described if any emergency alarm is sounded. Normally life boat deck area is made as a common muster point.

Типы судов Types of ships

Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

	general cargo ship	судно для перевозки генерального груза
	dry bulk carrier	судно для перевозки навалочного груза (балкер)
	multipurpose ship	судно многоцелевого назначения
	liquid cargo	жидкий груз
	LASH ships	лихтеровоз
	freighter	1. фрахтователь, 2. грузовое судно
	(seagoing) lighters	(морской) лихтер, портовая баржа
	to stack (upon)	складывать, помещать (один на один)
	to carry/to haul	перевозить, транспортировать
	in bulk/loose	насыпью, навалом или наливом
	shipper	грузоотправитель
	liner	лайнер, пароход, совершающий регулярные рейсы
	tramp	трамповое судно (грузовое судно, не работающее на определенных рейсах)
	schedule	расписание, график, план, режим
	deep-sea or short sea tramp	трамповое судно дальнего или прибрежного плавания
	shipping companies	судоходная (транспортная) компания
	to tow, tug	буксировать; буксир
	to submerge	погружать(ся), затоплять
	derelicts and wrecks	фрагменты и обломки судна
	obstacle	препятствие
	cell	ячейка
	perishable goods	скоропортящиеся товары
	ramp	аппарель, пандус, наклонный въезд или съезд
	coaster	каботажное судно
	cargo handling equipment/gear	Оборудование для обработки груза

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the words in italics.

Classification of cargo ships

Cargo ships, or freighters, can be divided into four groups, according to the kind of cargo they carry. These groups are (1) general cargo ships, (2) tankers, (3) dry bulk carriers, and (4) multi­purpose ships. General cargo ships, carry what are called "packaged" items - goods that are put in packages or that form a package in themselves. Packaged items include such products as chemi­cals, foods, furniture, machinery, motor vehicles, shoes, steel, textiles, and whiskey. The traditional cargo ships include container ships, roll-on/roll-off ships, and LASH ships. LASH ships are huge freighters that carry preloaded seagoing lighters (barges) stacked one upon the other. The term LASH stands for Lighter Aboard Ship. LASH ships can hold from 70 to 90 barges, each of which can carry 370 tons (336 metric tons) of cargo. Tankers carry oil or other liquid cargo. Dry bulk carriers haul coal, grain, iron ore, and similar products that can be loaded in bulk (loose) on the vessels. Multipurpose ships carry different classes of cargo - for example, liquid and general cargo - at the same time.

Cargo ships can also be divided into two types according to the service they offer shippers— liner service or tramp service. Cargo liners run on fixed schedules along certain trade routes and charge published rates. They usually transport only general cargo. Some cargo liners also carry passengers. Those that carry more than 12 passengers are called combination or passenger-cargo ships. Tramp ships do not sail on regular trade routes or have regular schedules. They can be hired to haul almost anything, anywhere, anytime. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea or short-sea tramps. Some of them are classed as coasters. They ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. Small shipping companies and private individuals op­erate these ships.

Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:

1. What are the main types of cargo ships?

2. What are tankers used for?

3. What are general cargo ship?

4. What are multipurpose ships used for?

5. What are tramp ships?

6. What is the difference between cargo liners and tramps?

7. What types of tramps do you know?

8. How is containerised cargo loaded and unloaded?

9. What are some advantages of containerisation?

10. What ships do we call Ro-Ro ships?

11. What does the word LASH stand for? What are LASH ships used for?

12. What are dry bulk cargo carriers used for?

Exercise 4. Give equivalents:

• in Russian: to haul, fixed routes, packaged items, refrigerated goods, bulk cargo, to be designed, lighters, stern opening, reefer, tug, bulky cargo ship, gantry cranes, cell, containerized goods, bulky cargo, shipper, to stack, tramp service, derelicts and wrecks, to submerge, cargo handling gear, perishable goods, the main feature, to tow, to be hoisted, lorries or trailers, to be fitted;

• in English: насыпной груз, хранение, коммерческое судно, генеральный груз, грузовое судно, обеспечивать, расписание или график, лесоматериалы, порт назначения, лайнер (пароход, совершающий регулярные рейсы), жидкий груз, буксир, насос, подъемная стрела, двойное дно, навалочный груз, трамповое судно, оборудование для обработки груза, препятствие или помеха, портальный или эстакадный кран, аппарель, скоропортящийся груз, размещать груз, фрагменты судна или его обломки, паром, буксировать, поднимать, судно многоцелевого назначения, затоплять.

Exercise 5. Odd one out (if any).

1. liner, coaster, lorry, freighter

2. stern, bow, ramp, aft

3. secure, stow, store, tow

4. perishable, refrigerated, bulk, fixed

5. derrick, crane, ramp, boom

6. compartment, galley, cabin, gangway

7. VLCC, TEU, LASH, LNG

Exercise 6. Match the term with its definition.

term	definition
1. Container ship	a. somewhat like small bulk carriers. These box-like vessels haul such cargoes as cement, coal, grain, gravel, and sand across harbours, on canals and rivers, and along coasts. Modern barges have diesel motors or are pushed or towed by tugs. The size of a canal or river barge is limited by the waterway on which it operates. The barge must be short enough to make the curves in the waterway and narrow enough to pass through canals. Barges that operate in coastal waters can be practically any size.
2. Dry bulk carrier	b. has been designed to lift and carry extremely heavy cargo on the main deck. Their cargoes such as drilling platforms, engines, trains, derelicts and wrecks are loaded onto the main deck that is free from any obstacles.
3. Barges	c. were among the first ships designed to carry only one kind of cargo - petroleum.
4. Multipurpose ships	d. eliminates the individual hatches, holds, and derricks of the traditional general cargo vessel. The hull of this ship is simply an enormous warehouse divided into cells by vertical guide rails. The cells are designed to hold cargo in prepackaged units called containers. The ship does not need a large gang of workers spending hours to fit various items into dif­ferent holds. Giant cranes pick up the containers, swing them over the ship, and then lower them one upon the other into the cells. After the hold has been loaded, additional containers are stacked on the deck.
5. Tankers	e. are designed to haul several kinds of cargo at the same time. They can have refrigerated space for foods that spoil easily, tank space for liquid cargo, and a deck for automo­biles, etc.
6.Coasters	f. carries perishable cargoes, such as fruit and meat. These cargoes require cooling and must be stored in spaces that have precise temperature- and humidity controls during the voyage.
7. Heavy-load vessel	g. are the vessels that can be easily recognized by their tall derricks designed to lift a raw material from which wood-products are manufactured.
8. Timber carriers	h. take containers mounted on a framework of wheels like a truck trailer. These ships have a stern opening and side openings. These ships also carry cars, buses, house trailers, trucks, and any other cargo that can be rolled aboard.
9 Reefer or refrigerated-cargo vessel	i. carry cargo along the coast or on sea voyages. These ships are of limited length and tonnage. Often there are no tween decks and the cargo spaces have no obstacles, so that a variety of cargo can be handled. The ship’s engine room is situated aft.
10.Roll-on/roll-off ships, also known as ro-ro ships	k. transport fertilizer, grain, ore, salt, sugar, or any other cargo that can be piled loose into a hold. Like tankers, these vessels were designed to carry only one kind of cargo. But unlike tankers, the ore carriers hauled solid cargo. As a result, they required more complicated loading and unloading arrangements than tankers, which needed little more than hose connections and pumps.

Exercise 7. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.

A: What’s that ship with the superstructure right forward and a couple of gantry cranes?

B: She’s one of LASH ships. They pick up fully loaded barges and stow them in layers in the hold. Then when they get to their destination they launch the barges over the stern and tugs take them in tow. That way LASH ships can load and discharge very quickly. It’s like a bigger version of container ships.

A: I see.

Exercise 8. Choose the right variant.

1. … is a container that floats in the water. a) lighter b) crate c) box d) bag

2. Cargo is loaded and discharged by the vessel’s … on general cargo ships.

a) pumps b) gantry cranes c) trailers d) derricks

3. The loaded vehicles are driven aboard via …

a) a hold b) a ramp c) a compartment d) an engine room

4. Reefers are equipped with …

a) tween deck b) double bottom c) refrigerating plant d) gantry cranes

5. Double bottoms provide … for fuel, lubricating oil and waters.

a) discharge b) stowage c) storage d) emerge

Exercise 9. Is this information true or false?

1. A tramp is not allowed to carry passengers.

2. Freighters that carry cargoes according to schedules that are not fixed are called liners.

3. General cargo is cargo that has been packed in crates or bags.

4. Lash-vessels usually carry lighters.

5. Perishable cargoes are oil, liquid gas and timber.

6. Dry bulk cargoes are loaded and discharged by derricks.

7. Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo and/or passengers.

8. There is no cargo handling equipment on Ro/Ro.

9. A coaster’s engine room is situated fore.

10. Heavy load vessel is designed to carry bulk containers.

Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Контейнеровозы обычно не оборудованы погрузочными механизмами.

2. Лихтеровоз — специализированное судно для перевозки груза в лихтерах или баржах, контейнерах.

3. Умеренная скорость хода и возможность перевозки различных грузов – две особенности трампового судна.

4. Каботажное судно, как правило, не выходит в открытое море.

5. Танкер — морское или речное грузовое судно, предназначенное для перевозки наливных грузов.

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