II Learn how to pronounce the words correctly

diaphragm	[`daıəfrəm]
multisided	[ˎmʌltı`saıdıd]
function	[`fʌnkʃn]
vitamin	[`vaıtəmın]
mineral	[`mınərəl]
protein	[`prɔutın]
hemoglobin	[ˎhi:moə`glɔubın]
substance	[`sʌbstəns]
bilirubin	[bı`lırubın]
bile duct	[`baıl `dʌkt]
unwanted	[ʌn`wɔ:ntıd]
metabolic	[ˎmetə`bɔulık]
process	[`prousəs]
lipid	[`lıpıd]
alcohol	[`ælkəhɔl]
section	[`sekʃn]
fibrous	[`faıbrəs]

III. Translate the word combinations into Russian

1. complex: complex organ; complex problem; complex organism; complex fats.

2. gland: liver gland; a swollen gland; what gland is it?; pay attention to the gland.

3. diaphragm: on the diaphragm; under the diaphragm; to rest on the diaphragm; something is wrong with his diaphragm.

4. rib: rib cage; to break two ribs; many ribs; few ribs; there are many ribs; He has broken some ribs.

5. lobe: the right lobe; the left lobe; three lobes; the left lung consists of two lobes; lobule is a small lobe; two lobules.

6. vein: the two main veins; venous [`vı:nəs]; show me the vein; the central vein; his veins are very deep.

7. to surround: surrounded; to surround cells; to surround with care; surrounded with love and attention; surrounding.

8. tiny: a tiny finger; a tiny body; a tiny gland; a tiny lobule; tiny cells.

9. cell: white blood cells (WBC); red blood cells (RBC); tiny liver cells; different cells; cellular.

10. average: average adult; average data; average results; average amount of blood.

11. to weigh: to weigh a child; to weigh much; to weigh little; How much do you weigh?; to be weighed; a weight.

12. substance: a strange substance; substances; a lot of substances; what substance is it?; I don’t know this substance.

13. poisonous: a poisonous medicine; poisonous substances; poisonous food; poisonous water; poisonous fluid; poison; be careful with poisons.

14. to destroy: to destroy cells; to destroy poisonous substances; to destroy life; to destroy the house; to destroy badly; to destroy little; destroyed.

15. to digest: to digest nutrients; to digest vitamins; to digest lipids; to digest minerals; to digest food; digested; digestion; digestive system.

16. to store: to store nutrients; to store vitamins; to store minerals; to store substances; storage.

17. nutrients: necessary nutrients; to digest nutrients; a lot of nutrients.

18. to require: to require nutrients; to require vitamins; to require lipids; to require badly; required.

19. vital: vital duties; vital functions; vital nutrients; vital substances.

20. to impair: to impair functions; to impair health; to impair the process; to impair eyesight; to impair hearing; impaired; impairment.

21. to maintain: to maintain normal temperature; to maintain the necessary amount of blood.

IV. Answer the questions

1. What glands do you know?

2. How many ribs has a man?

3. How many lobes do the left and the right lungs consist of?

4. What are the main veins?

5. What cells can you name?

6. How much do you weigh?

7. What poisonous substances do you know?

8. What can impair people’s health?

9. Where does the liver lie?

10. What are the organs of excretion?

11. What vitamins are necessary for a person?

V. Translate into Russian

The largest; the most complex; the liver gland; lies; the right upper side; diaphragm; ribs; sections; main lobes; is composed of; lobules; each lobule; the central vein; surrounded by; tiny liver cells; to perform; average adult male; weighs; more separate functions; destroys; poisonous substances; excretion; to digest nutrients; to store nutrients; vitamins; iron; minerals; are required; to manufacture; lipids; proteins; hemoglobin; vital duties; essential; to impair; fatal disease; a considerable amount of heat; tough fibrous peritoneum; to purify the blood of waists and poisons; clotting the blood; to recycle substances; to pass into bile ducts; unwanted proteins; to maintain the body’s normal temperature; to store in the gall-bladder; on the way to the heart; reddish-brown; grouped together; behind the right lobe; to change into urea; to carry to the kidneys; vital duties.

VI. Translate into English

a) Верхняя часть живота; под диафрагмой; рёбра; печень; две доли; дольки; центральная вена; печени; взрослый мужчина; отдельные функции; различные вещества; орган выделения; питательные вещества; витамины; железо; минералы; липиды; ненужные протеины; гемоглобин; жизненно важные обязанности; смертельные болезни; фиброзная, грубая брюшина; свёртывание крови; нормальная температура тела; желчные протоки; крохотные клетки печени; многосторонние единицы; мягкая прочная текстура; метаболические процессы; ядовитые вещества; сложный орган; железо; общий запас крови; работа печени; по пути к сердцу; значительное количество тепла.

b) Лежать; состоять из (2 вар.); выполнять; весить; разрушать; переваривать; накапливать; требовать; производить (вырабатывать); нарушать; очищать кровь от; перерабатывать; расщеплять; выделять; формировать; поддерживать; переносить; превращаться в.

VII. Fill in the prepositions where necessary

1. Each lobe is composed ___ lobules.

2. Liver is one ___ the most complex organs ___ the body.

3. Each lobule consists ___ a central vein surrounded ___ tiny liver cells.

4. The liver gland lies ___ the right upper side ___ the abdomen ___ the diaphragm and ribs.

5. Two smaller lobes lie ___ the right lobe.

6. ___ an average adult male the liver weighs 1,8 kg, it’s smaller ___ woman (1,3 kg).

7. Much blood pass ___ the liver ___ the way ___ the heart.

8. Alcohol and drugs are broken ___ in the liver.

9. Unwanted proteins are changed ___ urea which is carried ___ the kidneys and excreted ___ the urine.

10. The liver purifies ___ the blood ___ waists and poisons and helps the body digest and store ___ nutrients.

VIII. Answer the questions

1. What organ is the liver?

2. Where does the liver gland lie?

3. How many sections does the liver consist of?

4. What are the main lobes?

5. What lies behind the right lobe?

6. What is each lobe composed of?

7. What does each lobule consist of?

8. How much does the liver weigh?

9. What is the structure of the liver?

10. How much blood passes through the liver?

11. What functions does the liver perform?

12. What does the liver purify the blood of?

13. What does the liver store?

14. What does it manufacture?

15. What does the liver destroy?

16. What do metabolic processes produce?

17. Are the diseases of the liver serious?