XI. Fill in the prepositions

Capable ... inducing an immune response; a substance produced ... the body ... response ... an infection; to combine ... an antigen; to take a special part ... the immune system, destruction ... harmful material; to protect the body ... diseases; to pass ... the wall ... the capillary; to congragate ... the site ... injury; to eat ... invading bacteria; to fight ... foreign organisms; to carry ... immune system.

XII. Translate into English

1. Вещество, ответ, иммуноген, антитело, антиген, бактерии, вирус, фагоцит, протеин, сыворотка, лимфа, ткань, жидкость (2 вар.), молекула, разрушение, тип, болезнь, инфекция, нейтрофилы, лимфоциты, моноциты, костный мозг, узел, селезенка, человек (2 вар.), стенка, капилляр, сосуд, место (2 вар.), частички, гной, память.

2. Способный, иммунный, чужеродный, физический, особый, составной, вредный, основной, здоровый, мертвый, последующий, химический.

3. Вызывать (2 вар.), стимулировать, производить, пытаться, действовать, связывать(ся), нейтрализовать, присоединять(ся), собираться, означать, поглощать, делить, атаковать, замедлять, убивать, ликвидировать, помнить, осуществлять, обеспечивать, защищать, состоять из,

4. поврежденный, инфицировать, включая, произведенный, называемый, вызывая (инициируя), содержащий.

5. такой как, также, в основном, как ... так, после этого, среди, даже, долгое время.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

PART III

Lymphatic system is a network of thin-walled vessels throughout the body. They drain clear fluid (lymph) from between the body cells into the bloodstream. Lymph carries away bacteria and waste products. The lymph vessels contain small valves, similar to those in veins which prevent the backflow of lymph. Most of the lymph vessels eventually converge to form the thoracic duct – a major lymph vessel that runs alongside the descending aorta. Lymphatic vessels are important to the mechanism by which fats are processed by the body. Vessels draining the small intestine collect the digested fat and pass it directly into the main blood circulation bypassing the liver.

Rounded small bean-shaped structures called lymph nodes form part of the lymphatic system. They are found throughout the body, particularly in places where lymph vessels unite. Major lymph nodes occur in the groin, armpits, the neck and alongside the aorta and inferior vena cava in the chest and abdomen.

The lymph nodes have three main functions:

1. to filter out and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria and dust;

2. to produce some of the white blood cells (WBC), called lymphocytes;

3. to produce antibodies to help in the body’s Immune system.

Specialized lymphoid tissue, similar to lymph nodes, includes tonsils, adenoids, appendix and spleen.

Spleen also play part in the body’s Immune system. It is composed of sponge-like tissue (splenic pulp), consisting of white lymphoid tissue scattered throughout the reddish mass- the basic substance of the spleen. The white pulp produces lymphocytes and red pulp stores excess RBC and filters out any damaged cells, debris and bacteria in the circulation.