V. Answer the questions

1. What vessels carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

2. Name the largest artery and vein.

3. How do arteries and veins split?

4. What happens in the capillaries?

5. What assists blood flow in arteries and veins?

6. Where does the process of reoxygenation take place?

VI. Complete the sentences

1. Blood is carried in tubes known as ___ and ___.

2. Most arteries transport ___ blood, most veins transport ___ blood.

3. The largest artery is ___ which stems from ___.

4. The aorta and other large arteries have ___ walls lines with ___.

5. Blood flow is assisted by ___ and the ___ given by ___.

6. The ___ from the heart can be felt as ___.

7. As they penetrate the tissues, arteries split into ___ called ___, which in turn divide into ___.

8. It is through the ___ that ___ gives up its ___ and ___ and receives ___ and ___.

9. Deoxygenated blood in the ___ flows into the narrow ___ and then into ___.

10. The two largest veins, ___ return ___ to ___.

11. Veins have ___ walls compared with those of ___, and blood moves through the veins ___.

12. Blood flow in the veins is assisted by ___ and the backflow is prevented by ___.

13. The deoxygenated blood in the veins is no use to body cells until it ___.

14. To ensure reoxygenation, the circulation has ___.

15. In this part ___, blood rich in carbon dioxide travels from ___ along ___ to ___, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for ___.

16. The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry ___.

17. The newly oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart along ___, the only vein to transport ___.

VII. Translate into English

1. Большинство артерий переносят кровь, богатую кислородом, а большинство вен – кровь, содержащую углекислый газ.

2. Кровь течёт с помощью сокращений мышц сосудов и импульсов, идущих от сердца.

3. Когда артерии разветвляются в тканях, они расщепляются в узкие артериолы, которые, в свою очередь, делятся на капилляры.

4. Именно через тонкую капиллярную стенку кровь получает кислород и отдаёт углекислый газ и продукты распада.

5. Вены имеют тонкие стенки, и кровь течёт в них намного медленнее.

6. Чтобы обеспечить реоксигинацию, кровообращение имеет вторую «петлю». В этой части системы кровь, богатая углекислым газом, идёт от сердца по лёгочным артериям в лёгкие, где углекислый газ обменивается на вдыхаемый кислород.

VIII. Speak on the following topics

1. Arteries and veins: to carry, to transport, oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood, the largest artery, to line, blood flow, to assist, to split, to divide into, it is … that …; to give, to receive. Capillaries, venules, veins, the venae cavae, to return, thin walls, blood flow, to assist, the back flow.

2. Reoxygenation: to ensure, a second “loop”, blood rich in, to travel from … along … to the lungs, to be exchanged for, the pulmonary artery, the newly oxygenated blood, to the heart, along.

Part III: The structure and the action of the heart

I. Practice the pronunciation and stress

aorta	[eı`ɔ:tə]
atrium	[`eıtrıəm]
diastole	[daı`æstəlı]
period	[`pıərıəd]
rhythm	[`rıðm]
series	[`sıəri:z]
systole	[`sıstəlı]
valve	[`vælv]
ventricle	[ventrıkl]

II. Copy out and learn the following words

atrium	[`eıtrıəm]	предсердие
burst	[`bə:st]	разрыв, взрыв
to clench	[`klenʧ]	сжимать
to design	[dı`zaın]	конструировать
fist	[`fıst]	кулак
pacemaker	[`peısˏmeıkə]	водитель ритма
rapid	[`ræpİd]	быстрый
rate	[`reıt]	частота
series	[`sıəri:z]	серия, ряд
to serve	[`sə:v]	служить
sequence	[`sıkwens]	последовательность
ventricle	[`ventrıkl]	желудочек

III. Group the following words from your active vocabulary in the table

Nouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Adverbs

Act, active, activity; power, powerful, powerfully; system, systematical, systematically; muscle, muscular; circulate, circulation; contract; contraction; relax, relaxation; vertical, vertically; largely; rapidly, rapid.

IV. Read and translate the following word combinations

1. rate: a metabolic rate; pulse rate; respiration rate; at a certain rate; at a speedy rate; the heart beats at a rate of 60 to 80 beats a minute.

2. series: a series of organs; a series of valves; the flow of blood in each side of the heart is controlled by a series of valves; a new series of stamps (lectures).

3. sequence: in strict sequence; natural sequence; chronological sequence of events; the pacemaker also helps to ensure the correct sequence of actions.

V. Remember the following prepositional phrases

about a size of a ___	размером примерно
at rest	в покое
to enter the atrium	поступать в предсердие
from here	откуда

VI. Match the following words with the definitions

the septum	the upper chamber
atrium	the lower chamber
ventricle	a muscular wall inside the heart
to consist	blood rich in oxygen
to design	to be composed of
deoxygenated blood	to plan
oxygenated blood	blood rich in carbon dioxide
the pacemaker	the order of activities
the sequence of activities	quickly
rapidly	a specialized heart tissue