19. Grammar

Passive Voice

	Passive
	Simple	Progressive	Perfect	Perfect Progressive
Present	sometimes, every day, often, always, etc. am is asked are	now, still, at the moment am is being asked are	already, ever, just, never, yet have been asked has	Вместо отсутствующих форм Perfect Progressive употребляются формы Perfect
Past	yesterday, two years ago, in 1995, etc. was asked were	when he came, at that moment, etc. was being asked were	by the time, already, etc. have been asked has
Future	tomorrow will be asked	вместо отсутствующей формы Future Progressive употребляется Future Simple	by the time in the future will have been asked
Инфи- нитив	be V3	be being V3	have been V3

Task А. Choose the correct form of Passive Voice.

1. The assumed threats to security specify/ specified/are specified below.

2. The unauthorized disclosure has been prevented/has prevented/has being prevented.

4. The repeatable key based/is based/bases on the following principles.

5. Knowing about the risk, one is prepares/prepared/is prepared better.

6. A sound IRM program founds/founded/is founded on a well thought out IRM policy infrastructure.

7. An event, the occurrence of which could have an undesirable impact, is defined/define/ defines as threat.

8. A sound IRM program founds/founded/is founded on a well thought out IRM policy infrastructure.

9. The underlined secure network services installed/was installed/were installed in accordance with the operational documentation.

Task B. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form of Passive Voice.

1. Uncertainty (measure) inversely with the respect to confidence.

2. The papers of the conference (translate) into 12 languages.

3. Both expected frequency and exposure factor for fire (increase) by not having a fire suppression system.

4. Exposure factor (express) as a percent.

5. Generally accepted Information Security Principles (base) on an Authoritative Foundation of supporting documents and guidelines.

6. It is essential that the process of analyzing and assessing risk (understand) by all sides.

7. Uncertainty (measure) inversely with the respect to confidence.

8. This work (finish) next month.

9. The papers of the conference (translate) into 12 languages.

10. Both expected frequency and exposure factor for fire (increase) by not having a fire suppression system.

11. The system (develop) in 1998.

12. Exposure factor (express) as a per cent.

13. Generally accepted Information Security Principles (base) on an Authoritative Foundation of supporting documents and guidelines.

14. It is essential that the process of analyzing and accessing risk (understand) by all sides.

Task C. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, Active or Passive Voice.

1. The curves (show) in figure 4.

2. Our analysis (suggest) the spheres of practical application of our technique.

3. Our ongoing work (focus) on the use of other biometric measurements.

4. If the BUSINESS module (choose) this can (use) to generate a detailed questionnaire appropriate to the system under review.

5. Nowadays real-time operating system (employ) in consumer devices.

6. These systems (share) an unmatched reputation for operating 24 hours a day, 365 a year, nonstop.

7. Back in the 90-s, Anti-virus researchers first (fight back) by creating special detection routines designed to catch each polymorphic virus, one by one.

8. By hand, line by line, they (write) special programs.

9. W.F.Friedman’s monograph «The Index of Coincidence and its Application in Cryptography» (appear) in 1918.

10. US Army and Navy (work) entirely in secret, when their specialists (begin) making fundamental advances in cryptography.

12. H.Feistel, who earlier (work) on identification friend or foe devices for the Air Force, (change) the sphere of his scientific interests.