- •Development of locomotion in the rat: the significance of early movements.
- •Abstract
- •Role of gravity in the development of posture and locomotion in the neonatal rat.
- •Abstract
- •Development of receptors for dopamine and noradrenaline in rat brain.
- •Abstract
- •Locomotor-rotational movements in the ontogeny and play of the laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus.
- •Abstract
- •The maturation of locomotor networks.
- •Abstract
- •Delayed effects of neonatal hippocampal damage on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypic behaviors in the rat.
- •Abstract
- •Early walking in the neonatal rat: a kinematic study.
- •Abstract
- •The activation of back muscles during locomotion in the developing rat.
- •Abstract
- •The development of locomotor kinematics in neonatal rats: an agent-based modeling analysis in group and individual contexts.
- •Abstract
- •Effect of precocious locomotor activity on the development of motoneurones and motor units of slow and fast muscles in rat.
- •Abstract
- •Results:
- •Conclusions:
- •Delayed effects of neonatal hippocampal damage on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypic behaviors in the rat.
- •Abstract
Delayed effects of neonatal hippocampal damage on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and apomorphine-induced stereotypic behaviors in the rat.
Lipska BK, Weinberger DR.
Source
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Neuroscience Center, St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC 20032.
Abstract
The developmental effects of neonatal excitotoxic ventral hippocampal (VH) damage on behaviors related to dopaminergic (DA) transmission in the basal ganglia were investigated in the rat. Ibotenic acid (in Lesion) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (in Sham) was infused into the VH of 7-day-old (PD7) rat pups. Haloperidol-induced (1 mg/kg, i.p.) catalepsy and apomorphine-induced (0.75 mg/kg, s.c.) stereotypic behaviors as well as locomotion were assessed in Sham and Lesion rats prior to (PD35) and after puberty (PD56). On PD35, Lesion and Sham animals did not differ in induced catalepsy or stereotypy. On PD56, however, Lesion animals were less cataleptic following haloperidol injection and manifested supersensitivity to apomorphine as compared to Sham rats. At both, PD35 and PD56, locomotor activity after apomorphine was significantly increased in Lesion animals as compared with controls. These results indicate that the neonatal excitotoxic VH lesion results in a unique time-dependent pattern of behavioral changes related to striatal DA transmission. Moreover, the response to apomorphine differs qualitatively from that previously reported after the analogous lesion induced in adult animals in which stereotypy was reduced. These findings suggest that early hippocampal deafferentation affects the development of other brain regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, that are also involved in the regulation of striatal DA function.
PMID: 7903225
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Behav Neurosci. 1998 Oct;112(5):1218-28.
Early walking in the neonatal rat: a kinematic study.
Jamon M, Clarac F.
Source
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Mouvements, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France. jamon@lnf.cnrs-mrs.fr
Abstract
The development of the early stage of locomotion (between Postnatal Days 3 and 10) was studied in newborn rats. At this age, rats are known to perform limited locomotor activities, consisting of an inefficient nonpostural gait termed crawling. By providing appropriate olfactory stimulation, it was possible to override the pups' reluctance to walk and to discover their actual locomotor abilities. The step period decreased from 1,200 ms to 900 ms from Postnatal Days 4 to 9, showing both a regular decrease in the swing and a discontinuous decrease in the stance phase. The fore- and hindlimb periods stabilized early on an alternate pattern of coupling. The ipsilateral coupling shifted progressively from 220 degrees to 260 degrees in relation with the change in the gait pattern. In parallel with the change in timing, the newborn rats showed gradual changes in the foot position and in the interlimb spatial coordination. These results show that quadruped locomotion develops before postural control is acquired, in a continuous process as the nervous system develops.
PMID:
9829799
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1999 Feb 5;112(2):217-28.