НАО «АЛМАТИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ И СВЯЗИ»
КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»
СЕМЕСТРОВАЯ РАБОТА №2
Дисциплина: «Профессионально ориентированный иностранный язык»
Специальность: 5В081200‒ «Энергообеспечение сельского хозяйства»
Выполнила:Бауржанұлы..М. Группа:ЭСХк-15-01
Проверила: ст.преподаватель Жусупова А. У.
___________ ___________«____» ____________2017г.
Алматы,
2017
Contents
1.Wind power.......................................………………....….……......3
2. Hydropower.....................................................................................4
3.Heliothermal energy.........................................................................5
4. Conclusion.......................................................................................7
5. Вывод..............................................................................................8
Wind power
Wind power is a branch of the power industry that specializes in converting the kinetic energy of air masses in the atmosphere into electrical, mechanical, thermal or any other form of energy convenient for use in the national economy. Such a conversion can be carried out by such units as a wind generator (for generating electric power), a windmill (for conversion into mechanical energy), a sail (for use in transport), and others.
Large wind power plants are included in a common network, smaller ones are used to supply electricity to remote areas. Unlike fossil fuels, wind energy is almost inexhaustible, universally available and more environmentally friendly. However, the construction of wind power stations is associated with some technical and economic difficulties that slow the spread of wind power. In particular, the volatility of wind flows does not pose a problem with a small proportion of wind power in the total production of electricity, but with the increase in this proportion, the reliability problems of electricity production also increase. To solve such problems, intelligent power distribution management is used.
Ветроэнергетика
Ветроэнергетика — отрасль энергетики, специализирующаяся на преобразовании кинетической энергии воздушных масс в атмосфере в электрическую, механическую, тепловую или в любую другую форму энергии, удобную для использования в народном хозяйстве. Такое преобразование может осуществляться такими агрегатами, как ветрогенератор (для получения электрической энергии), ветряная мельница (для преобразования в механическую энергию), парус (для использования в транспорте) и другими.
Крупные ветряные электростанции включаются в общую сеть, более мелкие используются для снабжения электричеством удалённых районов. В отличие от ископаемого топлива, энергия ветра практически неисчерпаема, повсеместно доступна и более экологична. Однако, сооружение ветряных электростанций сопряжено с некоторыми трудностями технического и экономического характера, замедляющими распространение ветроэнергетики. В частности, непостоянство ветровых потоков не создаёт проблем при небольшой пропорции ветроэнергетики в общем производстве электроэнергии, однако при росте этой пропорции, возрастают также и проблемы надёжности производства электроэнергии. Для решения подобных проблем используется интеллектуальное управление распределением электроэнергии.
Hydropower
Hydropower - the energy concentrated in streams of water masses in channel waterways and tidal movements. The energy of the falling water is most often used. To increase the difference in water levels, especially in the lower reaches of rivers, dams are being built.
The first type of energy widely used for technological purposes.
Until the middle of the XIX century, water wheels were used for this, transforming the energy of moving water into the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft.
Later, faster and more efficient hydroturbines appeared.
Until the end of the 13th century, the energy of the rotating shaft was used directly, for example, for grinding grain in water mills or for driving blacksmiths and hammers. Now practically all the mechanical energy generated by hydro turbines is converted into electricity.
For 2006, hydropower supplies up to 88% of renewable energy and up to 20% of all electricity in the world, the installed hydroelectric capacity is up to 777 GW.
It is generally believed that for the first time in the production of electricity, hydropower was used in 1878 by Englishman William Armstrong to power the only electric arc lamp in his art gallery.
The first power plant was launched in 1882 on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA. Five years later in the United States and Canada there were already 45 hydroelectric power stations, and by 1889 – 200.
The absolute leader in the development of hydroelectric power per capita is Iceland. In addition, this indicator is the highest in Norway (the share of hydroelectric power stations in the total output is 98%), Canada and Sweden. In Paraguay, 100% of the generated energy is produced in hydroelectric power plants.
The most active hydropower construction in the early 2000s is led by China, for which hydropower is the main potential source of energy. This country hosts up to half of the world's small hydropower plants, as well as the world's largest hydroelectric power station Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and the largest cascade of hydroelectric power stations under construction. An even larger hydropower plant, Grand Inga, with a capacity of 39 GW is planned for construction by an international consortium on the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire).