
- •User’s Guide
- •Contents
- •About This Guide
- •Other Documentation
- •Other Resources
- •Technical Support
- •Comments
- •Chapter 1
- •Welcome to Mathcad
- •What Is Mathcad?
- •Highlights of the Mathcad 14 Release
- •Internationalization of Mathcad
- •Usability Features
- •New and Improved Functions
- •Math Enhancements
- •New Symbolics
- •PTC integration
- •System Requirements
- •Installation
- •Chapter 2
- •Getting Started with Mathcad
- •The Mathcad Workspace
- •Working with Worksheets
- •Regions
- •A Simple Calculation
- •Definitions and Variables
- •Defining Variables
- •Calculating Results
- •Defining a Function
- •Formatting a Result
- •Graphs
- •Creating a Basic Graph
- •Formatting a Graph
- •Saving, Printing, and Exiting
- •Saving a Worksheet
- •Printing
- •Exiting Mathcad
- •Chapter 3
- •Online Resources
- •Mathcad Resources
- •Resources Window and E-books
- •Finding Information in an E-book
- •Annotating an E-book
- •Web Browsing
- •Help
- •User Forums
- •Logging in
- •Communicating with Other Mathcad Users
- •Other Resources
- •Web Resources
- •Release Notes
- •Technical Support
- •Mathcad Downloads on the PTC Web Site
- •Chapter 4
- •Working with Math
- •Inserting Math
- •Numbers and Complex Numbers
- •Greek Letters
- •Inserting an Operator
- •Building Expressions
- •Typing in Names and Numbers
- •Controlling the Editing Lines
- •Typing in Operators
- •Multiplication
- •An Annotated Example
- •Editing Expressions
- •Changing a Name or Number
- •Inserting an Operator
- •Applying an Operator to an Expression
- •Deleting an Operator
- •Replacing an Operator
- •Inserting a Minus Sign
- •Inserting Parentheses
- •Deleting Parentheses
- •Moving Parts of an Expression
- •Deleting Parts of an Expression
- •Math Styles
- •Editing Math Styles
- •Applying Math Styles
- •Saving Math Styles
- •Chapter 5
- •Range Variables and Arrays
- •Creating Arrays
- •Vectors and Matrices
- •Insert Matrix Command
- •Iterative Calculations
- •Creating a Range Variable
- •Entering a Matrix as a Data Table
- •Accessing Array Elements
- •Subscripts
- •Accessing Rows and Columns
- •Changing the Array Origin
- •Displaying Arrays
- •Changing the Format of Displayed Elements
- •Copying and Pasting Arrays
- •Working with Arrays
- •Performing Calculations in Parallel
- •Graphical Display of Arrays
- •Chapter 6
- •Working with Text
- •Inserting Text
- •Creating a Text Region
- •Selecting Text
- •Greek Letters in Text
- •Changing the Width of a Text Region
- •Text and Paragraph Properties
- •Changing Text Properties
- •Changing Paragraph Properties
- •Text Styles
- •Applying a Text Style to a Paragraph in a Text Region
- •Modifying an Existing Text Style
- •Creating and Deleting Text Styles
- •Equations in Text
- •Inserting an Equation into Text
- •Text Tools
- •Find and Replace
- •Spell-Checking
- •Chapter 7
- •Mathcad Worksheets
- •Worksheets and Templates
- •Creating a New Worksheet
- •Opening a Worksheet
- •Saving Your Worksheet
- •Creating a New Mathcad Template
- •Modifying a Template
- •Rearranging Your Worksheet
- •Selecting Regions
- •Region Properties
- •Moving and Copying Regions
- •Deleting Regions
- •Aligning Regions
- •Inserting or Deleting Blank Space
- •Separating Regions
- •Highlighting Regions
- •Changing the Worksheet Background Color
- •Layout
- •Setting Margins, Paper Size, Source, and Orientation
- •Page Breaks
- •Headers and Footers
- •Safeguarding an Area of the Worksheet
- •Inserting an Area
- •Locking and Collapsing an Area
- •Unlocking and Expanding an Area
- •Deleting an Area
- •Worksheet Protection
- •Worksheet References
- •Hyperlinks
- •Creating Hyperlinks to a Mathcad File
- •Creating Hyperlinks to Other Files
- •Distributing Your Worksheets
- •Printing
- •Printing Wide Worksheets
- •Print Preview
- •Creating PDF Files
- •Creating E-books
- •Creating Web Pages and Sites
- •Saving Your Worksheet to Microsoft Word
- •Mailing
- •Chapter 8
- •Calculating in Mathcad
- •Defining and Evaluating Variables
- •Defining a Variable
- •Names
- •Built-in Variables
- •Evaluating Expressions Numerically
- •How Mathcad Scans a Worksheet
- •Global Definitions
- •Range Variables
- •Built-in Functions
- •Assistance for Using Built-in Functions
- •Applying a Function to an Expression
- •Defining and Evaluating Functions
- •Variables in User-Defined Functions
- •Recursive Function Definitions
- •Units and Dimensions
- •Dimensional Checking
- •Defining Your Own Units
- •Working with Results
- •Formatting Results
- •Displaying Units of Results
- •Copying and Pasting Numerical Results
- •Controlling Calculation
- •Calculating in Manual Mode
- •Interrupting Calculations
- •Disabling Equations
- •Error Messages
- •Finding the Source of an Error
- •Fixing Errors
- •Chapter 9
- •Solving
- •Solving and Optimization Functions
- •Finding Roots
- •Linear/Nonlinear System Solving and Optimization
- •Chapter 10
- •Overview
- •Inserting Pictures
- •Creating Pictures from Matrices
- •Formatting a Image
- •Inserting Objects
- •Inserting an Object into a Worksheet
- •Editing an Embedded Object
- •Editing a Link
- •Inserting Objects Computationally Linked to Your Worksheet
- •Chapter 11
- •2D Plots
- •Overview of 2D Plotting
- •Creating an X-Y Plot
- •Creating a Polar Plot
- •Graphing Functions and Expressions
- •2D QuickPlots
- •Defining an Independent Variable
- •Plotting Multiple 2D Curves
- •Creating a Parametric Plot
- •Plotting Vectors of Data
- •Plotting a Single Vector of Data
- •Plotting One Data Vector Against Another
- •Formatting a 2D Plot
- •Setting Axis Limits
- •Adding Custom Titles, Labels, and Other Annotations
- •Modifying a 2D Plot’s Perspective
- •Zooming in on a Plot
- •Getting a Readout of Plot Coordinates
- •Animations
- •Creating an Animation Clip
- •Playing an Animation Clip
- •Playing a Previously Saved Animation
- •Chapter 12
- •3D Plots
- •Overview of 3D Plotting
- •Inserting a 3D Plot
- •3D Plot Wizard
- •Creating 3D Plots of Functions
- •Creating a Surface, Bar, Contour, or Scatter Plot
- •Creating a Space Curve
- •Creating 3D Plots of Data
- •Creating a Surface, Bar, or Scatter Plot
- •Creating a Parametric Surface Plot
- •Creating a Three-dimensional Parametric Curve
- •Creating a Contour Plot
- •Graphing Multiple 3D Plots
- •Formatting a 3D Plot
- •The 3D Plot Format Dialog Box
- •Changing One 3D Plot to Another
- •Annotations
- •Modifying 3D QuickPlot Data
- •Chapter 13
- •Symbolic Calculation
- •Overview of Symbolic Math
- •Live Symbolic Evaluation
- •Using Keywords
- •Using More Than One Keyword
- •Keyword Modifiers
- •Ignoring Previous Definitions
- •Using the Symbolics Menu
- •Displaying Symbolic Results
- •Examples of Symbolic Calculation
- •Derivatives
- •Integrals
- •Limits
- •Solving an Equation for a Variable
- •Solving a System of Equations Symbolically: “Solve” Keyword
- •Solving a System of Equations Symbolically: Solve Block
- •Symbolic Matrix Manipulation
- •Index

4 / Chapter 1 Welcome to Mathcad
toolbar. Online Help includes the Author’s Reference and Developer’s Reference for more advanced usage.
Mathcad simplifies and streamlines documentation, critical to communicating and to meeting business and quality assurance standards. By combining equations, text, and graphics in a single worksheet, Mathcad makes it easy to keep track of the most complex calculations. By saving your worksheets in XML format, you can reuse the information in other text-based systems or search and report on worksheets without needing to reopen them in Mathcad.
Highlights of the Mathcad 14 Release
Mathcad 14 features a number of improvements and added capabilities designed to increase your productivity. For more in-depth details and live examples see New Features under Tutorials in the Help menu.
Internationalization of Mathcad
•Languages: Mathcad and its documentation is now available in nine languages including English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Spanish, and Traditional Chinese. Mathcad includes fifteen languages and dialects for its spell check choices under the Preferences dialog.
•Unicode: Mathcad now provides support for Unicode character sets across the application. You can now enter non-ASCII characters such as special mathematical symbols and characters from Asian, Greek, Hebrew, Cyrillic and other languages into variables, plot titles, trace labels. You can also enter these character into dialogs such as the Search dialog. All discipline-correct notation can be entered in any area of a worksheet.
•Unicode support for Asian operating systems: Consistency of editing on Asian systems has vastly improved.
•Fidelity of display: The trueness of the display now works for any operating system for easy worldwide use and worksheet sharing across systems.
Usability Features
•New visual worksheet comparison: You can now compare revisions of worksheets or two different XMCD worksheets. The tool will show math and text elements that have been added, deleted, or changed with different colored highlights. It will even display differing results due to tolerance settings or algorithms between versions of Mathcad.
•2D graph enhancements: The Result Format tab has been added to the 2D graph Format dialog so that you can provide greater precision on your axes and grids for 2D graphs.
•New negative radii support in polar plots: Negative radii are now allowed and considered as phase shifts in angles.
•File size reduction: Images can be stored as JPEGs and stored with a lower quality, reducing the size of the Mathcad file. This option is available as a new tab in the Properties dialog under the File menu.

Highlights of the Mathcad 14 Release / 5
•Search and replace: You can now search and replace for text and math elements in collapsed areas.
New and Improved Functions
•ODE solvers: Mathcad 14 adds three new functions for solving ordinary differential equations. Adams is designed to solve non-stiff systems. BDF uses backward differentiation formulas for solving stiff systems. AdamsBDF, a hybrid solver, dynamically detects whether a system is stiff or not and calls Adams or BDF accordingly. Radau now has three optional arguments.
•odesolve’s default solver has changed from Fixed to Adams/BDF, providing more accurate results.
•Radau now had three new optional arguments.
•Statespace: A new statespace function allows you to describe linear, first-order ordinary differential equations in matrix format.
•New Jacob function: A new Jacobian function, Jacob, computes the Jacobian of a vector function of multiple parameters producing a matrix of expressions.
•Bessel functions: New derivative Airy and scaled derivative Airy functions, DAi, DBi, DAI.sc, and DBi.sc are faster and more precise than taking the first derivatives of Airy functions.
Math Enhancements
•Definition and evaluation in the same statement: Expressions such as
x := 1cm + 2ft = 0.934m can be evaluated on the same line and bind to the result.
•New Gradient operator: A new gradient operator on the Calculus toolbar takes partial derivatives over a function of multiple parameters and packs them into a vector.
•Improvements to explicit calculation: Math expressions and equations can be presented in a more standards-compliant manner.
New Symbolics
•More detailed results: Keyword solve and other symbolic operators now return more detailed results. New modifiers such as fully and all give complete solutions.
•New symbolic keywords: The new keywords combine, rewrite, confrac, numer, and denom extend Mathcad’s symbolic capabilities. Read the New Features section of the online Tutorials to see live demonstrations of their capabilities.
•New symbolic functions: Numer, Denom, IsInteger, IsPrime, and IsRational return information about an expression or number that can be used in other functions.
•New modifiers: Nine new modifiers are added in Mathcad 14. All, degree, domain, exp, fully, ln, using, raw, and sincos allow you to modify various keywords. The New Features section in the online Tutorials provides live examples and Help provides a chart of which keywords work with which modifiers.