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Т-1 1)C2H5CL+KCN→C2H5CN+KCl 2)C2H5CL+KOH→C2H5OH+KCl 3)C2H5CL+C2H5ONa→C2H5-O-C2H5+NaCl 4)C2H5CL+KSH→C2H5SH+KCl 5)C2H5CL+C2H5SH→C2H5-S-C2H5+HCl 6)C2H5CL+NH3→C2H5NH2+HCL |
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Т-2 1)2CH3Cl+2Na→C2H6+2NaCl 2)C2H5CL+KOH→(спирт)→C2H4+H2O+KCl 3)C2H5CL+C2H5ONa→C2H5-O-C2H5+NaCl 4)C2H5Cl+CH3COONa→CH3COOC2H5+NaCl 5)C2H5CL+KSH→C2H5SH+KCl 6)C2H5CL+C2H5SH→C2H5-S-C2H5+HCl |
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Т-3 1)2C2H5OH+2Na→2C2H5ONa+H2 2)C2H5OH+HNO3→C2H5ONO2+H2O 3)C2H5OH+HCL→C2H5CL+H2O 4)C2H5OH+C2H5OH→C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O 5)C2H5OH+CH3COOH→CH3COOC2H5+H2O 6)C2H5OH→(Cu,t)→CH3COH+H2 7)C2H5OH+NH3→C2H5NH2+H2O 8)C2H5OH→(H2SO4,t)→C2H4+H2O 9)C2H5OH+3O2→2CO2+3H2O |
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Т-4 1)CH3CH(OH)CH3+Na→CH3CH(ONa)CH3+H2 2)CH3CH(OH)CH3+HNO3→CH3CH(ONO2)CH3+H2O 3) CH3CH(OH)CH3→(KMnO4)→CH3-CO-CH3+H2 4)CH3CH(OH)CH3+HBr→CH3CH(Br)CH3+H2O |
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Т-5 1)2C6H5OH+2Na→2C6H5ONa+H2 2)C6H5OH+NaOH→C6H5ONa+H2O 3)C6H5OH+HNO3→C6H4(NO2)OH+H2O 4)C6H5OH+3HNO3→C6H4(NO2)3OH+3H2O 5)C6H5OH+3HBr→C6H4(Br)3OH+3HBr 6)C6H5OH+3H2→C6H11OH 7)C6H5OH+CH2O→C6H4-CH2-C6H4+H2O |
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Т-6 КИСЛОТНЫЕ 1)2C2H5OH+2Na→2C2H5ONa+H2 2)2C2H4(OH)2+4Na→2C2H4(ONa)2+2H2 3)C2H4(OH)2+2NaOH→2C2H4(ONa)2+2H2O 4)2C2H4(OH)2+Cu(OH)2→(C2H5O2)2Cu+2H2O 5)2C6H5OH+2Na→2C6H5ONa+H2 6)C6H5OH+NaOH→C6H5ONa+H2O ОСНОВНЫЕ 1)C2H5OH+HNO3→C2H5ONO2+H2O 2)C2H5OH+HCL→C2H5CL+H2O 3)C2H5OH+CH3COOH→CH3COOC2H5+H2O 4)C2H4(OH)2+2HCL→C2H4CL2+2H2O 5)C2H4(OH)2+2HNO3→C2H4(NO2)+2H2O 6)C2H4(OH)2+CH3COOH→CH3COOC2H4OH+H2O |
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Т-7 C2H5SH+CH3COOH→CH3COSC2H5+H2O C2H5SH+C2H5Br→(C2H5)2S+HBr 2C2H5SH+2Na→C2H5SNa+H2 C2H5SH+NaOH→C2H5SNa+H2O 2C2H5SH+HgO→(C2H5S)2Hg+2H2O 2C2H5SH→[O]→C2H5S-SC2H5+H2O C2H5OH+CH3COOH→CH3COOC2H5+H2O C2H5OH+C2H5Br→(C2H5)2O+HBr 2C2H5OH+2Na→C2H5ONa+H2 C2H5OH→[O]→CH3CHO Сходство тиолов и катионов тяжелых металов заключается в том, что их соли (меркантаны) характеризуются малой растворимостью. Это свойство обеспечивает прочное связывание биометалов с белками. Но соли Pb, As, Hg, Cb отличаются высокой токсичностью. (Люизит) при отравлении тяжелыми металами противоядием служат тиолы,содержащие более 1группы SH обеспечивающие уменьшение концентрации иона метала в результате обр-я нерастворимого сульфида (антиплоизит).
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Т-8 2C2H5SH+2Na→C2H5SNa+H2 2C2H5SH+HgO→(C2H5S)2Hg+2H2O C2H5SH+NaOH→C2H5SNa+H2O 2C2H5SH→[O]→C2H5S-SC2H5+H2O C2H5SH+CH3COOH→CH3COSC2H5+H2O C2H5SH+CH3COCl→CH3COSC2H5+HCl C2H5SH+(CH3CO)O→CH3COSC2H5+CH3COOH C2H5SH+C2H5Br→(C2H5)2S+HBr 2C2H5SH+HNO3→C2H5(SO2)OH+H2+H2O C2H5SH+C2H5Br→(C2H5)2S+HBr |
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Т-9 C2H5OH→[O]→CH3COH→[O]→CH3COOH (CH3)2COH→[0]→(CH3)2CO (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3→[0]→(CH3)2CCHCH3 (CH3)2CCHCH3→[0]→(CH3)2CO+CH3COOH C2H5OH+3O2→2CO2+4H2O 2C2H5SH→[O]→C2H5SSC2H5+H2 C2H5S-H→[O]→C2H5S-OH C2H5S-OH→[O]→ C2H5SO-OH C2H5SO-OH→[O]→ C2H5SO2-OH |
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Т-10 2C2H5SH→[O]→C2H5SSC2H5+H2 C2H5S-H→[O]→C2H5S-OH C2H5S-OH→[O]→ C2H5SO-OH C2H5SO-OH→[O]→ C2H5SO2-OH (CH3)2S→(CH3)2SO→(CH3)2SO2 |
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Т-11 1)2C2H5OH+2Na→2C2H5ONa+H2 2)C2H5OH+HCL→C2H5CL+H2O 3)C2H5OH+CH3COOH→CH3COOC2H5+H2O 4)C2H5OH+HNO3→C2H5ONO2+H2O 5)2C2H5OH→[O]→C2H5-O-C2H5+H2O 6)C2H5OH+NH3→C2H5NH2+H2O 2C2H5SH+2Na→C2H5SNa+H2 2C2H5SH+HgO→(C2H5S)2Hg+2H2O C2H5SH+NaOH→C2H5SNa+H2O 2C2H5SH→[O]→C2H5S-SC2H5+H2O C2H5SH+CH3COOH→CH3COSC2H5+H2O C2H5SH+CH3COCl→CH3COSC2H5+HCl C2H5SH+(CH3CO)O→CH3COSC2H5+CH3COOH C2H5SH+C2H5Br→(C2H5)2S+HBr 2C2H5SH+HNO3→C2H5(SO2)OH+H2+H2O C2H5SH+C2H5Br→(C2H5)2S+HBr CH3NH2+HCl→CH3NH2Cl CH3NH2+CH3I+NH3→(CH3)2NH+NH4I CH3NH2+CH3COOH→CH3CONHCH3+H2O (CH3)NH+CH3COCl→CH3CON(CH3)2+HCl |
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T-12 C2H5NH2+H2O→ C2H5NH3OH (C2H5)2NH+H2O→(C2H5)2NH2OH (C2H5)3N+H2O→(C2H5)3NHOH C6H5NH2+H2O→ C6H5NH3OH C2H5NH2+HCl→ C2H5NH3Cl (C2H5)2NH+HCl→(C2H5)2NH2Cl (C2H5)3N+HCl→(C2H5)3NHCl C6H5NH2+HCl→ C6H5NH3Cl CH3COONH4→(t)→CH3CONH2+H2O |
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T-13 (CH3)2NH+(CH3CO)2O→CH3CON(CH3)2+CH3COOH (CH3)2NH+CH3COCl→CH3CON(CH3)2+HCl (CH3)2NH+CH3COOH→CH3CON(CH3)2+H2O (CH3)2NH+CH3I+NH3→(CH3)3N+NH4I
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Т-14 C6H5NH2+CH3OH→C6H5NHCH3+H2O C6H5NHCH3+CH3OH→C6H5N(CH3)2+H2O (CH3)2CO+CH3NH2→(CH3)2CNCH3+H2O (CH3)2CHNHCH3+O→(CH3)2CNCH3+H2O (CH3)2CO+NH2OH→(CH3)2CNOH+H2O (CH3)2CHNH2+H2O2→(CH3)2CNOH+H2O C6H10O+NH2OH→C6H10NOH+H2O (CH3)2CO+(NH2)2→(CH3)2CNNH2+H2O |
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T-15 CH3NH2+HNO2→CH3OH+N2+H2O (CH3)2NH+HNO2→(CH3)2NNO+H2O (CH3)3N+HNO2→{НЕТ} C6H5NH(CH3)2+HNO2→C6H5NH(CH3)2NO+H2O |
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T-16 C3H7NH2 +H2O→[C3H7NH3]OH +HCl→[C3H7NH3]Cl +CH3OH→C3H7NH2CH3+HCl +HNO2→C3H7OH+N2+H2O +CH3COCl→CH3CONHC2H7+HCl +[O]→C3H7NHOH→C3H7NO→C3H7NO2 |
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Т-17 (C2H5)2NH +H2O→[(C2H5)2NH2]OH +HCl→[(C2H5)2NH2]Cl +C2H5I+NH3→(C2H5)3N+NH4I +HNO2→(C2H5)2NNO+H2O +CH3COCl→CH3CON(C2H5)2+HCl +(CH3CO)2O→CH3CON(C2H5)2+CH3COOH |
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T-18 C6H5NH2+H2O→[C6H5NH3]OH C6H5NH2+HCl→[C6H5NH3]Cl C6H5NH2+CH3OH→C6H5NHCH3+H2O C6H5NH2+H2SO4→NH2(C6H4)SO3H+H2O C6H5NH2+(CH3CO)O→C6H5NHCOCH3 C6H5NHCOCH3+HNO2→NO(C6H5)NHCOCH3 NO(C6H5)NHCOCH3+NaOH→NO(C6H5)NH2 |
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Т-19 C4H4NH +K→C4H4NK+H +CH3I→C4H4NCH3+HI +SO3→C4H3NH(SO3H) +HNO3→C4H3NH(NO2)+H2O +SO2Cl2→C4H3ClNH+SO2+HCL +2H2→(Ni,t)→C4H8NH C4H8NH +CH3Cl→C4H8NCH3+HCl +CH3OH→C4H8NCH3+H2O |
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T-20 C5H5N +HCl→[C5H5NH]Cl +SO2Cl2→C5H5(Cl)N+SO2+HCl +SO3→C5H5(SO3H)N +CH3I→[C5H5(CH3)NH]I +HNO3→C5H5(NO2)N+H2O +3H2→С5H10NH С5H10NH +HCl→[С5H10NH2]Cl +CH3COOH→[CH3CONHС5H10]OH |
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T-21 C2H5CHO +H2→Zn,Ni→C3H7OH +2Cl2→CH3C(Cl)2CHO+2HCl +HCN→C2H5COHCN +Ag2O→NH3→CH3COOH+2Ag +C2H5OH→C2H5(CHOH)OC2H5 +C2H5CHO=C2H5(CHOH)C2H4CHO=C2H5CHCHCH2CHO+H2O +CH3NH2→C2H5(CHOH)NHCH3→C2H5CNCH3+H2O |
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T-22 2C6Н5СНО→KOH→C6Н5СH2OH+C6Н5СOOH 2С6Н5СНО→KCN→С6Н5СН(ОН)СОС6Н5 3C6Н5СНО+2NH3→(С6Н5СН—N)2CHC6H5+3H2O C6H5CHO +HCN→C6H5CH(OH)CN +HNO3→(C6H4CHO)NO2 +(СН3СО)2О→С6Н5СН=СНСООН +CH3NH2→C6Н5СНNCH3+H2O +CH3OK→C6H5COOCH2C6H5 +CH3CHO→C6H5(CHOH)CH2CHO→C6H5(CH=CH)CHO |
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T-23 (CH3)2CO +H2O→(CH3)2C(OH)2 +CH3OH→(CH3)2(COH)OCH3 +CH3NH2→(CH3)2CNCH3+H2O +CH3NHNH2→(CH3)2CNNHCH3 +H→(CH3)2CHOH +Ag2O→NH3→CH3COOH+2Ag +(CH3)2CO→KOH→(CH3)2(CHOH)CH2CHO |
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T-24 2CH3CHO+KOH→CH3CHOHCH2CHO + t →CH3CH=СНСНО+H2O 2(CH3)2CO+KOH→(CH3)2(COH)CH2CCH3O + t → (CH3)2C=CHCCH3O+H2O C6H5CHO+CH3CHO→C6H5(CHOH)CH2CHO + t → C6H5(CH=CH)CHO+H2O C6H5CHO +(СН3СО)2О→С6Н5СН=СНСООН (Перкина) +CH3OK→C6H5COOCH2C6H5 (Тищенко) + 2C6H5CHO→KOH→ C6H5CH2OH+C6H5COOH (Канниццаро) |
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T-25
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T-26 C2H5COOH +CH3OH→C2H5COOCH3+H2O +NH3→C2H5COONH4→C2H5CONH2+H2O +PCl5→C2H5COCl+POCl3+HCl +C2H5COOH→(C2H5COO)2O+H2O +2Na→2C2H5COONa+H2↑ СН3СООН+H2→СН3СНО+Н2О СН3СООН+2H2→СН3СН2ОН+Н2О СН3СООН+3H2→С2Н6+2Н20 Функ производные: C2H5COOCH3 +H2→C2H5COH+CH3OH +NH3→C2H5COONH2+CH3OH +H2O→C2H5COOH+CH3OH +NH2NH2→C2H5CONHNH2+CH3OH +NaOH→C2H5COONa+CH3OH C2H5CONH2 +H2O→C2H5COOH+NH3↑ +HCl→[C2H5COONH3]Cl +2Na→2C2H5CONHNa+H2↑ C2H5COCl +CH3OH→C2H5COOCH3+HCl +NH3→C2H5CONH2+HCl +Na→C2H5COOH+NaCl (C2H5COO)2O +NH3→C2H5CONH2+C2H5COOH +C2H5OH→C2H5COOC2H5+C2H5COOH |
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T-27
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(Канниццаро)
(Тищенко)
(Тищенко)