Index

AAA (American Academy of Audiology), 42, 139

ABA (American Board of Audiology) certification, 42

ABR (auditory brainstem response), 53, 92

acoustic feedback, 117, 129, 195–97, 274

acoustic reflex testing, 52 acoustic trauma, 85, 237

acoustic tumors of CN VIII, 92–93 acute otitis media, 77–78

adaptive and automatic sound processing, 127

adhesive otitis media, 79 Advanced Bionics, 163

Affordable Hearing Aid Project, 148–49 age-related hearing loss, 83–85, 236 aggressive communicator, 224 AgrAbility Project, 149

AHAP (Affordable Hearing Aid Project), 148–49

air–bone gap, 55

air conduction hearing, 46–47

air conduction thresholds, 45–46, 54–58 ALD (assistive listening device), 169–74,

187–88

ALDA (Association of Late-Deafened Adults), 228

alerting devices, 23, 169, 207–8, 230

ALS (assistive listening system), 169–73, 281

American Academy of Audiology, 42, 139

American Sign Language, 9, 206–7, 227 American Speech-Language-Hearing

Association, 42, 139, 236, 245 American Tinnitus Association, 95, 103–4 Americans with Disabilities Act, 21, 169,

172–73, 201–2, 208, 228–30, 281; reasonable accommodation, 229–30; workplace, in, 229–30

aminoglycoside antibiotics, 86, 258, 263

analog hearing aids, 124–25

anatomy and physiology of hearing, 27–38; summary, 38

anticancer drugs, 86 anti-inflammatory drugs, 87 antimalarials, 86 antioxidants, 262–63

Apple Computer, 242–43 Apple iPods, 242–45 ASHA (American

Speech-Language-Hearing Association), 42, 139, 236, 245

ASL (American Sign Language), 9, 206–7, 227

aspirin, 86–87, 235

assertive communication, 225, 231, 279–81

assessment of hearing. See hearing evaluation

assistive listening devices, 169–74, 187–88. See also personal assistive listening devices

assistive listening systems, 169–73, 281 assistive listening technology. See hearing

assistance technology

Association of Late-Deafened Adults, 228 AuD (Doctor of Audiology), 41–42 audibility, 14, 48

AUDIENT, 148

audio shoe, 133–34, 181–82, 196–98 audio signals, 135

audiogram, 46–68; bilaterally asymmetrical hearing loss, 62–63; bilaterally symmetrical hearing loss, 62; categories of hearing loss severity, 67; conductive hearing loss, 54–56; definition, 46–47; flat configuration, 64–65; interpreting, 53–68; mixed hearing loss, 57–58; notched configuration, 65–66, 86; precipitous configuration, 64–66; rising configuration, 65–66; rising then sloping configuration, 65–66; sensorineural hearing loss, 56–57; sloping configuration, 64–65; speech banana, 61; symbols, 46–48, 50–51; unilateral hearing loss, 62–64

audiologic rehabilitation. See hearing rehabilitation

audiologists, 20, 40–43, 111, 138–40, 145–47, 212

audiometer, 45 auditoriums, hearing in, 281

auditory brainstem implants, 164 auditory brainstem response, 53, 92 auditory deprivation, 137, 166, 235 auditory nerve implants, 166 auditory neuropathy/auditory

dys-synchrony (AN/AD), 92 auditory processing disorder, 94, 138 auditory training, 223, 277–78

aural rehab/rehabilitation. See hearing rehabilitation

autoimmune inner ear disease, 91–92 automatic sound processing in hearing aids,

127

automobile, hearing in, 280 autonomic nervous system, 101

background noise, 170–72 barotrauma, 80–81

basal cell carcinoma, 70–71

baseline hearing testing, 240–41, 258–59 basilar membrane, 35

batteries, hearing aid, 136, 215, 267–68, 273–74

BC-HIS credential, 43 bedtime masking, 100

behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids, 115–20, 170, 271–72

BICROS (Bilateral CROS) hearing aids, 120–21, 123

bilateral cochlear implants, 164–65 bilateral hearing aids, 136–38, 235 bilaterally asymmetrical hearing loss,

62–63

bilaterally symmetrical hearing loss, 62 bimodal fitting, 165–66

binaural hearing aids, 136–38, 235 binaural hearing, 37–38, 136–38, 235 binaural integration, 138

binaural interference, 138, 165 binaural redundancy, 137 binaural squelch, 137

binaural summation, 137 bioelectrical activity, 156, 158 biofeedback, 102–3

Blatand, Harald (Viking King), 195 Bluetooth technology, 193, 195–99 Board Certified/Certification, 43 boil, 73–74

bone conduction devices, 122–23 bone conduction hearing aids, 122–23 bone conduction hearing, 47–48, 117,

122–23

bone conduction thresholds, 46–48, 54–58 bone vibrator, 46

bone-anchored hearing aids, 122–23 boom cars, 255, 257

boot, 133–34, 181–82, 196–98 brain plasticity, 96, 217, 223, 235 brain, 28, 37–38, 93–94 brainstem, 37–38

broadband signal, 60

BTE (behind-the-ear) hearing aids, 115–20, 170, 271–72

bundling services, 145–46

CA (Communication Assistant), 201–2, 229 CAN (computer-assisted note taking), 206 canal caps, 248–49

cancer, 70–71

caption decoder, 204–5 captioning, 203–5

captioned telephone service, 203 carcinomas, 70–71

CareCredit healthcare credit card, 149 CART (computer-assisted real-time

transcription), 205–6

CCC-A (Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology) certification, 42

CD player, 243

cell phones, 84, 193–97, 200; microphone compatibility (ratings of M1-M4), 194–95; telecoil compatibility (ratings of T1-T4), 194

central auditory dysfunction, 28, 38, 93–94; causes of, 93–94

central auditory system, 28, 37–38, 93–94 certification, 42–43

cerumen 30, 40, 71–72

channels, hearing aid processing of sound using, 128

chemotherapy agents, 86, 258–59 Child, Julia, 204

cholesteatoma, 76, 79 chronic otitis media, 78–79

CIC (completely-in-the-canal) hearing aids, 113–14, 120, 272

Cisplatin, 86, 258, 263 Civitan International, 149

clarity of hearing, definition, 48 clear speech, 226

closed captions, 203–5 closed head injuries, 234–35 CN. See Cranial Nerve cochlea, 34–36, 38

Cochlear Americas, 163 cochlear dead regions, 165 cochlear echoes, 52, 259

cochlear implant center, 159, 161–62, 167 cochlear implant team, 159–62, 167 cochlear implants, 156–67, 189, 192–93;

activation, 161–62; bilateral, 164–65; bimodal fitting, 165–66; candidacy, 158–60, 165–67; cell phones, 193; choosing a device, 162–63; coding strategy, 161–62; cost, 163; devices to which they can be connected, 163; electro-acoustic stimulation, 165; hearing assistance technology, 189, 192–93; how they work, 156–58; manufacturers, 162–63; maps/mapping, 161–62; number of implants in U.S., 165; optical stimulation, 166; outcomes, 160–61, 165; overview, 22–23, 156; programming, 161–62; speech processor, 157–58,

161–62, 189; surgery, 161; telephones, 189, 192–93; treatment for tinnitus, 99; trends, 164–66

cochleotoxic, 87 Code of Ethics, 42–43

cognitive behavioral therapy, 102, 105 communicating with someone who has

hearing loss. See hearing loss, communicating with someone who has; hearing loss, relationships; spouses

Communication Assistant, 201–2, 229 communication strategies training, 223–25,

231, 279–83

completely-in-the-canal (CIC) hearing aids, 113–14, 120, 272

compression circuitry, 51, 128–29 computer-assisted note-taking, 206 computer-assisted real-time transcription,

205–206

conductive hearing loss, 54–56, 58–60, 69–70, 233; causes, 70–82; functional differences vis-a`-vis sensorineural hearing loss, 58–60

conductive mechanism, 54–55, 69–70 configuration of hearing loss, 46, 63–66 connectivity, 169–70

consumer protection, 151–52 counseling related to hearing loss, 103,

225–26

CPA (cerebellopontine angle), 37, 93 cranial nerve, definition, 27

Cranial Nerve VII (the Facial Nerve), 89, 93 Cranial Nerve VIII, 27, 37, 53, 92–93, 156,

164, 166

CROS hearing aid system, 120–21, 123 custom hearing aids. See

completely-in-the-canal hearing aids; in-the-canal hearing aids; in-the-ear hearing aids

DAI. See direct audio input Dangerous Decibels, 255

data logging in hearing aids, 127–28 dB Drag Racing, 257–58

deaf, 8–9

decibels (dB): common sounds measured in, 27, 284–86; description, 26–27, 38, 46–47

Deaf, culturally, 8–9 deformity of the ear, 40 dehumidifiers, 151, 216, 269

delayed start-up in hearing aids, 134–35 diabetes, 75

diet, 257, 261–63

digital feedback reduction in hearing aids, 129

digital noise reduction in hearing aids, 130 digital signal/sound processing in hearing

aids, 126–27, 129

digital television captions, 205 Diles, William and Christine, 177

direct audio input, 134, 182, 184, 186–87, 189, 192–93, 196–97

directional microphone, 129–30, 220, 280 directive counseling, 101

Discovery Hearing Aid Warranties, 150 dispenser. See audiologists; hearing aids,

dispensers

disposable hearing aids, 121 distortion, 14–15, 36, 59 diuretics, 86, 88

dizziness, 40

drainage from the ear, 40

drying kits for hearing aids, 151, 216, 269 DSP (digital signal/sound processing),

126–27, 129

dynamic range for speech, 51, 128

ear canal, 28–31, 38; cleaning, 72, 235; foreign bodies in, 73; furuncle in, 73–74; infection of, 74–75; insects in, 73; itchiness, 75; resonance, 30–31

ear candling, 72

ear impressions, 141 ear infection, 77–80

ear protection. See hearing loss, prevention earbuds, 243–44

eardrum, 26, 30–33, 38, 44; perforation, 41, 44, 75–76, 79; retraction, 78

earmold. See hearing aids, earmold earmuffs, 246, 250–52; electronic, 252;

noise cancellation, 251–52; noise-activated, 251. See also hearing protection/protectors

earphones, 243–45

earplugs, 246–50; banded, 248–49; custom, 249–50; electronic, 250; foam, 247; high fidelity, 249–51; musician’s, 249–51; noise-activated, 249–50; premolded, 247–48; tactical, 249–50. See also hearing protection/protectors

earpods, 248–49

earwax, 30, 40, 71–72. See also hearing aids, earwax

earwax removal kits, 72

ear-level (worn on or in the ear) FM. See FM

EEG (electroencephalographic activity), 53 Elks, 149

endolymph, 35, 88

ENT (ear-nose-throat specialist), 41 Etymotic Research, 250

Eustachian tube, 31, 33, 80 evoked potentials, 53 exchange rate, 237 external otitis, 74–75

Facial Nerve, 89, 93 facial paralysis, 79

feedback cancellation in hearing aids, 129 feedback caused by hearing aids, 117, 129,

195–97, 274

filter effect, 14, 59–60 fingerspelling, 227 fistula, 89–90

fitting, hearing aid, 141–42, 211 flat audiogram configuration, 64–65 fluid in the ear, 78

FM transmission, 132–33, 174, 176–87, 189, 197–98

free radical, 261–63

frequency of speech information, 60–61 frequency (pitch), definition, 45–46 furuncle, 73–74

future trends, 259–64

Gallaudet University, 170 genes, 82–83, 236, 260 German measles, 234 glomus tumors, 81–82 glue ear, 79

growths in the ear canal, 40

habituation, 101

HAC (hearing aid compatible), 190, 193–95, 203

hair cells (cochlear), 35–36, 38, 52, 156, 259–63; damage to, 35–36, 238, 254, 258–63; dance, 52; frequency organization of, 35–36; regeneration, 259–60; sensitivity of, 36

half-shell ITE (in-the-ear) hearing aids, 114–15

hard of hearing, 8–9

hardwired assistive listening devices, 187–88

head trauma, 234–35; conductive hearing loss due to, 81; sensorineural hearing loss due to, 89, 234–35

headphones, 243–45

Health Card, 149

Healthy Hearing 2010, 254–55

Healthy People 2010, 254–55 hearing: importance of, 9–11; normal,

54–55, 67; primitive level, 9–10, 160; symbolic level, 11, 160; warning level, 10–11, 160

Hearing Aid Assistance Tax Credit Act, 149–50

Hearing Aid Compatibility Act of 1988, 190, 194

hearing aid compatible (HAC), 190, 193–95, 203

hearing aid dispensers, 43 hearing aid fitting, 141–42, 211

hearing aid orientation, 141–42, 211 hearing aids: adaptive and automatic sound

processing, 127; adjusting to, 5–6, 143–44, 217–19; analog technology, 124–25; assistive listening devices, 169–74, 187–88; audio signals, 135; audiologist, choosing, 139–40; average prices in 2007, 146; batteries, 136, 215, 267–68, 273–74; battery cost, 267; battery life, 267; battery sizes, 267; behind-the-ear (BTE), 115–20, 170, 271–72; benefits of using, 9–13, 22, 98, 109, 150, 153–55, 213–14; bilateral, 136–38, 235; binaural, 136–38, 235; Bluetooth, 195–99; bone conduction, 122–23; bone-anchored, 122–23; buying, 110–12, 138–52; caring for, 216–17, 271–72; circuitry, 51, 124–26; complaints, 151–52; completely-in-the-canal (CIC), 113–14, 120, 272; convergence with high-tech wireless devices, 198; cost, 144–47; custom (see completely-in-the-canal hearing aids; in-the-canal hearing aids; in-the-ear hearing aids); data logging, 127–28; data on/demographics of usage, 13, 109; dehumidifiers, 151, 216, 269; delayed start-up, 134–35; diagnostic tools, 135; digital feedback reduction, 129; digital noise reduction, 130; digital signal processing, 126–27, 129; digital technology, 22, 125–26; direct audio input (see direct audio input); directional microphone, 129–30, 220, 280; dispensers, 43. (see also audiologists); disposable, deep-fitting, extended-wear, 121; drying kits, 151, 216, 269; ear impressions, 141; earmold, 115–17, 141,

151, 215, 271–72, 274; earmuffs, 252; earwax, 72, 216, 269, 271–74; expectations, realistic, 213–14. (see also hearing aids, limitations); features, 110–11, 126–36, 145; feedback, 117, 129, 195–97, 274; feedback cancellation, 129; financial assistance, 147–50; fine tuning, 141–44; fitting, 141–42, 211; FM (see FM transmission); follow-up visits, 141–44; half-shell ITE (in-the-ear), 114–15; hearing assessment, 140. (see also hearing evaluation); hearing assistance technology, 132–33, 168. (see also hearing assistance technology); hearing protectors, 252; hearing rehabilitation services, 213–19. (see also hearing rehabilitation); implantable, 122–23; infection of ear canal, 74–75; insurance, 151; in-the-canal (ITC), 114, 120, 272; in-the-ear (ITE), 114–15, 120, 272; leasing, 149; lifespan, 147, 151, 216; limitations, 11–12, 23, 126, 130, 152–55, 213–14; loudness compression, 51, 128–29; manual volume control, 135–36, 138; manufacturers, 110, 126; medical clearance, 141; micro-BTE, 116, 119–20; microphone compatibility (ratings of M1-M4), 194–95; middle ear implants, 122; mini-BTE, 116, 119–20; models, 110–11; M/T/O switch, 273; multichannel processing, 128; multiple listening programs, 131; occlusion effect, 116–17; omnidirectional microphone, 129; open canal fittings, 116–20, 272; operating, 214–15, 273–74; orientation, 141–42, 211; overview, 22, 109–112; paying for, 147–50; programmable, 124–25; reasons for non-use, 109–110; receiver-in-the-ear (RITE), 118; remote control, 135, 138; repairs, 151, 273–74; secret of success, 152–53; service and repairs, 151, 273–74; shell, 113–15, 141; styles, 111–20; technology, 51, 124–26; telecoil compatibility (ratings of T1-T4), 194; telecoils, 133–34. (see also telecoils); treatment for tinnitus, 98 ; trial period, 143, 214, 217–19; troubleshooting problems, 273–74; two nearly always better than one, 37–38, 136–38, 235; types, 111–20; warranty, 150–51; where to buy, 138–39; wind noise protection/reduction, 130–31, 135; wireless CROS or BICROS, 120–21, 123

hearing aids (cont.)

venting, 117, 252; volume control, 135–36, 138; wax, 72, 216, 269, 271–74

hearing assistance technology (HAT), 168–209; alerting devices, 23, 169, 207–208, 230; assistive listening devices, 169–74, 187–88; assistive listening systems, 169–73, 281; auxiliary aids and services, 204–7; captioning, 203–5; cochlear implants, 189; computer-assisted note taking, 206; computer-assisted real-time transcription, 205–6; direct audio input (see direct audio input); FM transmission (see FM transmission); hearing aid features required for compatibility with HAT, 132–33, 168; induction loop (IL) transmission, 174–79, 182, 184–87; infrared (IR) transmission, 174, 176, 178–87; overview, 23, 168–70; personal communication devices, 188, 192–93; telecoils (see telecoils); telecommunication relay services, 201–3, 229; text telephones (TTY), 195, 199–202, 204, 208

hearing conservation program, 240–41 Hearing Education and Awareness for

Rockers (H.E.A.R.), 242

hearing evaluation, 20, 39–68; baseline hearing testing, 240–41, 258–59; behavioral tests, 45–51; case history, 44–45; goals, 44; non-medical examination of the ears,44; otoscopy, 44; physiologic tests, 51–53; recommended frequency of testing, 257; self-assessment, 7; test environment, 45; understanding your hearing loss, 53–68

hearing-impaired, definition, 9 Hearing Instrument Specialists, 43 hearing loss: age-related, 83–85, 236;

age-related cognitive decline, 4–5, 15; asymmetric, 40, 62–63; average wait before seeking help, 12, 225; bilaterally asymmetrical, 62–63; bilaterally symmetrical, 62; blaming others, 12, 17; causes, 20, 69–94, 233–45; causes that are preventable, 233–45; characterization, 39, 54–67, 233; communicating with someone who has, 15–16, 211, 223–24, 232, 276; conductive, 54–56, 58–60, 69–82, 233; configuration, 46, 63–66; congenital, 234; counseling family members, 226; delay in treatment, 12,

225; demographics, 8–9, 236, 239, 241; denial, 3–5, 12–13; description, 39, 54–67, 233; distortion, 14–15, 36, 59; dominantly inherited, 82–83; effects of, 3–5, 11–19, 219, 225–26; evaluation, 20, 39–68. (see also hearing evaluation); fatigue caused by, 15; filter effect, 14, 59–60; genetic, 82–83; head trauma, due to, 81, 89, 234–35; hereditary, 82–83; identifying, 7; lack of empathy for, 5, 11–12, 14; listening conditions, effects of, 15; medical v. non-medical treatment, 40–41; minimizing negative impact, 6; mixed, 57–58, 70, 93–94; neural, 56–57, 82, 92–93, 164; negative coping behavior, 223–25; noise exposure, due to, 85–86, 234–45, 256–57; occupational, 239–41; ototoxicity, due to, 86–88; overview, 11–19; personal adjustment counseling, 103, 225–26; prevention, 234, 243–45, 256–64; realistic expectations, 6–7; recessively inherited, 82–83; relationships, 3–6, 11–14, 16–19, 211, 225–26; restoration—future trends, 259–60; reversal, 259–60; self-assessment, 7, 44–45; sensorineural, 56–60, 70; sensory, 56, 82, 164; severity, 46, 67; signs of, 7; spouses, 3–6, 12, 16–19, 211, 226; smoking, 235; stigma, 11–12; support/advocacy groups, 227–28; symmetrical, 62; symmetry, 46, 53, 62–63; type, 48, 54–60; understanding hearing loss, 39, 54–67, 233; unilateral, 40, 62–63, 88, 90, 92, 120–21, 136–37. See also noise exposure, non-occupational; noise-induced hearing loss; occupational hearing loss

Hearing Loss Association of America (formerly SHHH), 170, 227–28, 282

Hearing Loss Magazine, 228 Hearing Pill, 260, 263–64

hearing protection/protectors, 240–41, 246–53, 261

hearing rehabilitation, 210–32; auditory training, 223, 277–78; communicating when not at home, 279–83; cost, 212; counseling family members about hearing loss, 226; group sessions, 211, 222, 224, 227–28; hearing aids, directly related to, 213–19 (see also these hearing aids subtopics: adjusting to; caring for; operating); hearing

assistance technology, 219–20; how

hearing loss affects communication, 3–5, 11–19, 219, 225–26 ; learning about hearing and hearing loss, 219; learning new strategies for communication, 223–25, 231, 279–83; making adjustments to your surroundings, 220, 225; making use of visual, contextual, and linguistic cues, 220–21; overview, 23–24, 143–44, 210–13, 219; personal adjustment counseling, 103, 225–26; software programs, 212, 223, 277–78; speechreading, 221–22, 232, 275–76; voice level, monitoring, 227

hearing service dogs, 208

hearing testing. See hearing evaluation Hear Now, 149

HearPO, 147

Help America Hear Act of 2007, 150 HelpCard, 149

hereditary hearing loss, 82–83 Hertz (Hz), 26, 46

hospital stays, hearing during, 282–83

hydraulic energy, 27, 35 hyperacusis, 105

idiopathic, 90–91

IHS (International Hearing Society), 43 IL transmission. See induction loop

transmission impacted earwax, 72

impedance mismatch, overcoming, 32–33

implantable hearing aids, 122–23 impressions, 141

incus, 31, 32

induction loop transmission, 174–79, 182, 184–87; home use, 177–79. See also neckloop; silhouettes; telecoils

infection of the ear canal, 74–75 inflammation of the inner ear, 79, 90 infrared (IR) transmission, 174, 176,

178–87

inner ear, 28, 34–36

inner hair cells. See hair cells (cochlear) insurance, 151

intelligibility, 14–15, 48

intensity (loudness), definition, 26–27, 46 International Hearing Society, 43 International Symbol of Access for Hearing

Loss, 270, 281, 283

Internet-based captioned telephone service, 203

in-the-canal (ITC) hearing aids, 114, 120, 272

in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aids, 114–15, 120, 272

iPod, 242–45

IP relay (Internet protocol relay), 202 isolator earphones, 244

itchy ears, 75

ITC (in-the-canal) hearing aids, 114, 120, 272

ITE (in-the-ear) hearing aids, 114–15, 120, 272

Keller, Helen, 9

Kiwanis International, 149

Knights of Columbus, 149

Kubler¨-Ross, Elizabeth, 14

labyrinthitis, 79, 90

LACE program, 223, 277–78 landline telephone, 190

late-onset auditory deprivation, 137, 166, 235

leasing hearing aids, 149 lesions in ear canal, 40

Let’s Loop America campaign, 176 limbic system, 100–1

Lions Clubs International Foundation, 148–49

Listening and Communication Enhancement (LACE) program, 223, 277–78

Listen to Your Buds, 245

listening needs, at home, at work, and during social and recreational activities, 21–22

listening training, 223, 277–78 localization, 62–63, 136

loop system. See induction loop transmission

loudness, definition, 26–27, 46 loudness compression, 51, 128–29 loudness discomfort level (LDL), 51

loud sounds, sensitivity to, 36, 51, 59, 84, 86, 88, 128

Mabaan tribe, 84, 236 malignant external otitis, 75 malleus, 31, 32

masking, 50–51 Master’s degree, 42 mastoiditis, 79 maternal rubella, 234

mechanical energy, 27, 32, 34–35 Medicaid, 148, 169

medical clearance, 141 medical referral, 40–41, 44

Medicare, 40, 110, 150, 163, 169 Medicare Hearing Enhancement and

Auditory Rehabilitation (HEAR) Act of 2007, 150

Med-El, 163

meetings, hearing in, 281 melanoma, 70

Meniere’s disease, 88–89

metabolic exhaustion of hair cells in cochlea, 85, 237–38

microphone compatibility (ratings of M1-M4), 194–95

middle ear, 31–33; fluid in, 78; implants, 122; infection of, 77–80

mini-BTE hearing aids, 116, 119–20 mixed hearing loss, 57–58, 70; causes,

93–94 Mosquito, 84

movie theater captioning, 205 MP3 players, 242–45

multichannel processing in hearing aids, 128

multiple listening programs in hearing aids, 131

multitasking, 11, 13 Myers, David, 176 myringotomy, 79–80

NAC (N-acetylcysteine), 263–64

National Board for Certification in Hearing Instrument Sciences (NBC-HIS), 43

National Button Battery Hotline, 268 National Council on Aging, 13 National Ear Care Plan, 147 National Easter Seals Society, 149 National Grange, 149

NBC-HIS, 43

neckloop, 177–79, 181, 184, 186. See also induction loop transmission

necrotizing (malignant) external otitis, 75 nerve deafness, 56

neural energy, 27, 34–35, 38, 52 neural hearing loss, 56–57, 82; causes,

92–93, 164

Neurofibromatosis Type II (NF2), 164 Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment, 102 neuropathy, 92

noise: health affected, 253–54; safe exposure time, 237–45, 253–54, 256–57;

sound levels, 27, 284–86; well-being affected, 253

noise and society, 253–56 Noise Control Act of 1972, 254

noise damage, susceptibility to, 236–38, 240, 243, 252, 258–59, 262

noise exposure: hearing loss due to, 85–86, 234–45, 256–57; monitoring, 240; non-occupational, 242–45; occupational, 239–41; safe limits, 237–45, 253–54, 256–57; sound levels, 27, 284–86; tinnitus, 96

Noise Free America, 255

noise-induced hearing loss, 85–86, 234–45, 256–57; demographics, 236, 239, 241; farming, 239; mall, working at, 241; military, 241; movies, 245; music, making, 245; personal/portable music players, 242–45; prevention, 234, 243–45, 256–64; rock and roll, 242

noise pollution, 253–58

Noise Pollution Clearinghouse (NPC), 254 noise ratings, 257

noise reduction in hearing aids, 130 Noise Reduction Rating (NRR), 246 Noisy Dozen Award, 255

non-medical examination of your ears, 44 normal hearing, 54–55, 67

Northwest Lions Foundation for Sight and Hearing, 148

notched audiogram configuration, 65–66, 86

OAEs (otoacoustic emissions), 52, 259 occlusion effect, 116–17

occupational hearing loss, 239–41 occupational noise exposure, 239–41 omnidirectional microphone, 129 one-to-one communicators, 188, 192–93 open canal fittings, 116–20, 272

oral interpretation, 207

ossicles and ossicular chain, 31–33, 38, 81; ossicular chain disruption, 81

Oticon, 110

otitis media, 77–80; otitis media with effusion (OME), 78

otoacoustic emissions, 52, 259 otoblock, 141 otolaryngologist, 41 otologist, 41

OtoMedicine, 262 otoprotective agents, 260–64 otorhinolaryngologist, 41

otosclerosis, 76–77 otoscope, 32, 44 otoscopy, 44

ototoxic drugs. See ototoxicity ototoxicity, 86–88, 234, 236, 258–59 outer ear, 28–31

outer hair cells, 35–36, 38, 52, 156, 259–63

oval window, 32–35, 76, 89 oxidative processes, 261–63

passive communicator, 224

perforation of eardrum, 41, 44, 75–76, 79 perilymph, 35, 89

perilymphatic fistula, 89–90 peripheral auditory system, 27–37 personal adjustment counseling, 103,

225–26

personal assistive listening devices, 169, 171, 173–74, 179–88

personal communicators and personal communication devices, 188, 192–93

personal FM units, 178–83

personal IL (induction loop) devices, 177–78 personal IR (infrared) units, 183–87 personal music players, 242–45

Ph.D., 42 Phonak, 110

physicians, 20, 40–41 physiology of hearing, 27–38 pinna, 28–30, 38

pitch, 45–46

pocket talkers, 188, 192–93 portable music players, 242–45

post-hearing-aid-fitting questionnaire, 45, 212

poverty guidelines, 148

precipitous audiogram configuration, 64–66 pre-hearing-aid-fitting questionnaire, 45,

212

presbycusis, 83–85, 236

pressure equalization (PE) tube, 80 prevention of hearing loss, 234, 243–45,

256–64; future trends, 260–64; ototoxicity, 87

probe microphone measurements, 142 programmable hearing aids, 124–25 programs, multiple listening, in hearing

aids, 131

pulsatile tinnitus, 82 pure tone, 45

pure tone air conduction thresholds, 45–46, 54–58

pure tone bone conduction thresholds, 46–48, 54–58

The Quiet Zone newsletter, 254 quinine, 86–87

Quota International, 149

radio frequency (RF) emissions, 194 “real ear” measurements, 142 reasonable accommodation, 229–30 receiver-in-the-ear (RITE) hearing aid

fittings, 118

Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center at Gallaudet University, 170

relationships and hearing loss, 3–6, 11–14, 16–19, 211, 225–26

relaxation therapy, 103

remote control for hearing aids, 135, 138 remote microphone technology, 23, 132,

171–74, 183 residual hearing, 40 residual inhibition, 98 resonance, 30–31 ReSound, 110

restaurants, hearing in, 280–81 reverberation, 170–71

Rh incompatibility, 234 ringing in ears. See tinnitus

rising audiogram configuration, 65–66 rising then sloping audiogram

configuration, 65–66

RITE (receiver-in-the-ear) fittings, 118 Rotary International, 149

round window, 34–35, 89 rubella, 234

Ruritan International, 149

safe limits for noise exposure, 237–45, 253–54, 256–57

scala media, 35, 88 scala tympani, 34–35 scala vestibuli, 34–35

secret of success with hearing aids, 152–53 self-assessment questionnaires, 44–45,

212

sensitivity to loudness, abnormal, 36, 51, 59, 84, 86, 88, 128

sensorineural hearing loss, 56–60, 70; functional differences vis-a`-vis conductive hearing loss, 58–60. See also neural hearing loss, causes; sensory hearing loss, causes

sensorineural mechanism, 56, 70

sensory hearing loss, 56, 82, 164; causes, 82–92

Sertoma International, 149 severity of hearing loss, 46, 67

SHHH. See Hearing Loss Association of America

Siemens, 110

signal-to-noise ratio or relationship (SNR), 23, 132, 170–72

sign language, 202, 206–7, 227

sign language translation/interpretation, 202

silhouettes, 177–79, 181, 184, 186. See also induction loop transmission

sloping audiogram configuration, 64–65 smoking, 235

SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), 23, 132, 170–72

Sonic Innovations, 110 sonic valve earplugs, 249–50 sores in ear canal, 40

sound: common sounds measured in decibels, 27, 284–86; description, 25–27; hazardous level defined, 237–45, 253–54, 256–57

SoundAid Hearing Aid Warranties, 150 sound pillows, 100

sound processing in hearing aids, 128 Soundscapes, 9–10

sound therapy, 101–2 speech banana, 61

speech discrimination testing, 48–50 speech energy, distribution across the

frequencies, 60–61

speech perception ability, 86, 88, 93–94. See also speech perception testing

speech perception testing, 48–50 speechreading, 221–22, 232, 275–76 speech reception thresholds (SRTs), 48 speech recognition testing, 48–50 speech signal, 60

speech understanding, 60, 170–71; speech understanding, degraders of, 170–71

spouses, 3–6, 12, 16–19, 211, 226 squamous cell carcinoma, 71 stapedectomy, 76–77

stapedius muscle, 52 stapes, 32–35, 76

Starkey Hearing Foundation, 149 Starkey Laboratories, 110

state attorney general, 152 state licensing board, 152 state licensure, 43

stem cells, 260

stereo hearing, 37–38, 136–38, 235 steroids, 91

Stewart, William, 253 streamer, 198

sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss, 90–91

support/advocacy groups, 227–28 supra-aural earphones, 243–44 swimmer’s ear, 74

symmetry of hearing loss, 46, 53, 62–63

tactical earplugs, 249–50 Technical Assistance Project, 148

telecoil compatibility (ratings of T1-T4), 194

telecoils, 133–34, 174–79, 181, 184, 186, 188, 190, 194–95, 197, 203

telecommunication relay services (TRS), 201–203, 229

telephones, 189–93; amplification, 190–93; amplified ringers, 192; amplified telephones, 193; Caller ID, 193, 200; cell phones, 84, 193–97, 200; hearing aid compatibility (HAC), 190, 193–95, 203; induction amplifiers, 192, 208; in-line amplifiers, 190–91; landline, 190–93; portable amplifiers, 192, 208; public places, in, 203–4; replacement handsets, 191–92; telecoils, used with, 134; telecommunication relay services (TRS), 201–3, 229; text telephones (TTY), 195, 199–202, 204, 208; wireline, 190–93

teletypewriters. See TTY television captioning, 204–5

Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990, 204–5

temporal bone fracture, 81, 89, 234–35 Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS), 85,

238–41

tender ears, 240, 243 text telephone. See TTY theaters, hearing in, 281

threshold: air conduction, 45–46, 54–58; bone conduction, 46–48, 54–58; definition, 45

tinnitus, 95–105; alternative treatments, 104–5; bedtime masking as treatment, 100; biofeedback as treatment, 102–3; cochlear implants as treatment, 99; cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), 102, 105; conditions with tinnitus as a symptom, 59, 71, 76, 82–93, 238, 241;

conventional treatment, 98; disability benefits for veterans, 105; drugs that can trigger, 96–97, 258; hearing aids as treatment, 98; medical referral, 40; medication as treatment, 103; Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment, 102; neurophysiological model, 100–1; origins, 95–97, 237, 258; ototoxic drugs that can cause, 258–59; overview, 20, 95; personal adjustment counseling as treatment, 103; prevalence, 95; pulsatile, 82; relaxation therapy as treatment, 103; substances to avoid, 97–98; support groups, 103–4; tinnitus maskers as treatment, 99–100; tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT), 100–2, 105; treatment, 98–105

Tinnitus Help Network, 103

Tinnitus Today magazine, 103

TMJ (temporomandibular joint syndrome), 31

tolerance level (TL), 51

Trailer Audio Standards Association, 245 travel, hearing during, 282

Travelers Protective Association Scholarship Trust for the Deaf and Near-Deaf, 149

traveling wave, 35

trial period with new hearing aids, 143, 214, 217–19

TTD (Telecommunication Device for the Deaf). See TTY

TTS (Temporary Threshold Shift), 85, 238–41

TTY (TeleTYpewriters), 195, 199–202, 204, 208; acoustic connection, 200; computers, 201; direct connection, 200; telecommunication relay services (TRS), 201–3, 229

tympanic membrane. See eardrum tympanometry, 51–52 tympanosclerosis, 79 tympanostomy tube, 80

type of hearing loss, 48, 54–60

uncomfortable level (UCL), 51 unilateral hearing loss, 40, 62–63, 88, 90,

92, 120–21, 136–37

U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine, 241

U.S. Department of Education, Rehabilitation Services Administration, 148

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 105, 147, 163, 169

U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 194, 204–5

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 40, 43, 102, 261, 264

U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 237, 239, 244

U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 237, 240–41, 246

U.S. Public Health Service, 254 United Way, 149

universal boot adapter. See boot Universal Hearing Benefits Plan, 147 university clinic, 43

VCO (Voice Carry Over), 202–3 vent, hearing aid, 117, 252

vertigo, 94; causes, 75–76, 79, 86, 89–93 vestibular system, 34, 94 vestibulotoxic, 87

video conferencing, 202 Video Relay Service, 202

vocational rehabilitation, 147–48, 169 Voice Carry Over (VCO), 202–3 volume control in hearing aids, 135–36,

138

warranty, hearing aid, 150–51

wearable hearing protectors. See earmuffs; earplugs

wax, 30, 40, 71–72 Whitis, Peter, 153–55 Widex, 110

wind noise protection in hearing aids, 130–31, 135

wireless BICROS hearing aids, 120–21, 123

wireless CROS hearing aids, 120–21, 123 wireless signal transmission, 174, 185–87 Wise Ears, 255

workplace, communicating in, 279 worship, hearing in places of, 281–82 written material as an aid to

communication, 206