
- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Abbreviations
- •1 Is This You or Someone You Love?
- •My Turn
- •This Book
- •All Hearing Losses Are Not the Same
- •The Importance of Hearing in Our Lives
- •The Trouble with Hearing Loss
- •Staying in the Game
- •Just a Bit About Sound
- •What Does the Brain Have to Do with Hearing?
- •The Peripheral Auditory System
- •The Central Auditory System
- •Summary
- •The First Step
- •Audiologists
- •The Goals of a Hearing Evaluation
- •Nonmedical Examination of Your Ears (Otoscopy)
- •Case History Information
- •Test Environment
- •Hearing Evaluation: Behavioral Tests
- •Hearing Evaluation: Physiologic Tests
- •Understanding Your Hearing Loss
- •Describing a Hearing Loss
- •5 What Can Go Wrong: Causes of Hearing Loss and Auditory Disorders in Adults
- •A Quick Review: Conductive, Sensorineural, and Mixed Hearing Loss
- •Origins of Tinnitus
- •Conventional Treatments
- •Alternative Treatments
- •7 Hearing Aids
- •Deciding which Hearing Aids Are Right for You
- •Hearing Aid Styles
- •Special Types of Hearing Aids
- •Hearing Aid Technology (Circuitry)
- •Hearing Aid Features: Digital Signal Processing
- •Hearing Aid Features: Compatibility with Assistive Listening Technologies
- •Hearing Aid Features: Listener Convenience and Comfort
- •Hearing Aid Batteries
- •Buying Hearing Aids
- •The Secret of Success
- •How a Cochlear Implant Works
- •Cochlear Implant Candidacy
- •Expected Outcomes for Cochlear Implant Users
- •Cochlear Implant Surgery
- •Device Activation and Programming
- •Choosing Among Cochlear Implant Devices
- •Auditory Brainstem Implants
- •Current and Future Trends
- •9 Hearing Assistance Technology
- •Hearing Assistance Technology
- •Telephones and Telephone Accessories
- •Auxiliary Aids and Services
- •Alerting Devices
- •Hearing Service Dogs
- •Hearing Rehabilitation
- •Hearing Rehabilitation Services
- •Hearing Rehabilitation Services Directly Related to Hearing Aids
- •Hearing Rehabilitation Services beyond Hearing Aids
- •Support/Advocacy Groups
- •The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
- •Summary: Good Communication Habits
- •11 Prevention of Hearing Loss
- •Preventable Causes of Hearing Loss
- •Hearing Loss Caused by Noise Exposure
- •Hearing Loss Resulting from Ototoxicity
- •APPENDICES
- •Notes
- •Resources
- •Index

Notes
CHAPTER 2
1.Nance, W. E. and Dodson, K. “Relevance of Genetics to Audiology,” Audiology Today 19, no. 5 (2007): 18–27.
2.Love, J. K. Helen Keller in Scotland: A Personal Record Written by Herself
(London: Methuen & Company, 1933), 68.
3.See Love, p. 68.
4.Ramsdell, D. A. “The Psychology of the Hard-of-Hearing and Deafened Adult,” in Hearing and Deafness 4th ed., Davis, H. and Silverman, S. R. (eds.) (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978), 499–510.
5.Kochkin, S. and Rogin, C. M. “Quantifying the Obvious: The Impact of Hearing Aids on Quality of Life,” The Hearing Review 7, no. 1 (2000): 8–34.
6.Hnath Chisolm, T., Johnson, C. E., Danhauer, J. L, Portz, L. J. P., Abrams, H. B., Lesner, S., McCarthy, P. A., and Newman, C. W. “A Systematic Review of Health-related Quality of Life and Hearing Aids: Final Report of the American Academy of Audiology Task Force on the Health-related Benefits of Amplification in Adults,” Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 18, no. 2 (2007): 151–183.
7.See Hnath Chisolm et al.
8.See Kochkin and Rogin.
9.Kochkin, S. The Impact of Untreated Hearing Loss on Household Income
(Alexandria, VA: Better Hearing Institute, 2007). Available at http://www. betterhearing.org/research/.
10.Kubler¨-Ross, E. On Death and Dying (Riverside, NJ: Simon and Schuster,
1977).
11.Kochkin, S. “Publications—Quotes,” BHI, http://www.betterhearing.org/ research/quotes.cfm.

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12. American |
Speech-Language-Hearing |
Association. “Hearing Aids |
for Adults,” ASHA, http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/treatment/adult aid. html.
CHAPTER 4
1.U. S. Food and Drug Administration. “Hearing Aid Devices: Professional and Patient Labeling and Conditions for Sale,” Federal Register 42, no. 31 (1977): 9286–9297.
2.Kochkin, S. “MarkeTrak VII: Hearing Loss Population Tops 31 Million,” Hearing Review 12, no. 7 (2005): 16–29.
3.Bess, F. H. and Tharpe, A. M. “Unilateral Hearing Impairment in Children,” Pediatrics 74, no. 2 (1984): 206–216.
CHAPTER 5
1.American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. “Why Do Ears Itch?” AAO-HNS, http://www. entnet.org/HealthInformation/ swimmersEar.cfm.
2.Nance, W. E. and Dodson, K. “Relevance of Genetics to Audiology,” Audiology Today 19, no. 5 (2007): 18–27.
3.Rosen, S., Bergman, M., Plester, D., El-Mofty, A., and Satti, M. “Presbycusis Study of a Relatively Noise-Free Population in the Sudan,” Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Otolaryngology 71 (1962): 727–743.
4.Hain, T. C. “Ototoxic Medications,” http://www.dizziness-and-balance. com/ disorders/bilat/ototoxins.html.
CHAPTER 6
1.Audiology Awareness Campaign. “Tinnitus,” AAC, http://www.audiology awareness.com/hearinfo tinnitus.asp.
2.Sinopoli, T., Davis P. B., and Hanley, P. “Tinnitus: Addressing Neurological, Audiological, and Psychological Aspects with Customized Therapy,” The Hearing Review 14, no. 9 (2007): 32–35.
3.McKenna, L. and Andersson, G. “Changing Reactions to Tinnitus,” The Hearing Review 14, no. 9 (2007); 12–21.
4.Foehl, A. “New Ratings Proposed for Veterans’ TBI,” The ASHA Leader 13, no. 3 (2008): 1, 4, 6.
5.See Foehl.
6.Dupriest, J. “Tinnitus Research Escalates,” Advance for Audiologists 10, no. 1 (2008): 73–74.
CHAPTER 7
1.American Academy of Audiology. “Hearing Aid FAQs,” AAA, http://www. audiology.org/aboutaudiology/consumered/guides/hearingaids.htm.
2.VIP Notes. “Oticon Sets New Hearing Aid Distribution Guidelines,” Advance for Audiologists 10, no. 1 (2008): 16.

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3.Ross, M. “Premium Digital Hearing Aids,” Hearing Loss Magazine 29, no. 2 (2008): 22–25.
4.Johnson, E. E. “Survey Finds Higher Sales and Prices, Plus More Open Fittings and Directional Mics,” The Hearing Journal 60, no. 4 (2007): 52–58.
5.Audiology Awareness Campaign. “Hearing Aid Warranties,” AAC, http:// www.audiologyawareness.com/ha warranty.asp.
6.Nabelek, A. K., Tucker, F. M., and Letowski, T. R. “Toleration of Background Noises: Relationship with Patterns of Hearing Aid Use by Elderly Persons,” Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 34 (1991): 679–685.
CHAPTER 8
1.Miller, M. H. “Auditory Nerve Implant May Deliver a Wide Range of Sounds,” The Hearing Review (July 2007): 60–62.
2.SHHH (now the Hearing Loss Association of America). “Questions for Adults to Ask the Surgeon When Being Evaluated for a Cochlear Implant” (consumer booklet).
3.SHHH (now the Hearing Loss Association of America). “Cochlear Implants: When Hearing Aids Aren’t Enough” (consumer booklet).
CHAPTER 9
1.Ross, M. “Supplement Your Hearing Aids with Hearing Assistive Technologies (HAT),” Hearing Loss Magazine (Nov/Dec 2006).
2.Myers, D. G. “In a Looped America, Hearing Aids Would Be Twice as Valuable,” The Hearing Journal 59, no. 5 (2006): 17.
3.See Myers, pp. 17–22.
4.Myers, D. G. “Let’s Loop America,” http://www. hearingloop.org.
5.Dybala, P. D. “ELVAS Sightings—Hearing Aid or Headset?” Audiology Online, Article 1542 from http://www. audiologyonline.com (2006).
6.Dybala, P. D. “ELVAS Sightings: Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids Get Wired,” The Hearing Journal 59, no. 3 (2006): 10–15.
7.See Dybala, The Hearing Journal.
8.See Dybala, Audiology Online.
9.See Dybala, Audiology Online.
10.Linke-Ellis, N. “Going to Captioned Movies,” Hearing Loss Magazine (Jan/Feb 2008): 15–17.
11.Bruck, D. and Thomas, I. “Waking Effectiveness of Alarms (Auditory, Visual and Tactile) for Adults Who Are Hard of Hearing,” Report for the Fire Protection Research Foundation for the 2006–2007 U.S. Fire Administration Grant (2007).
CHAPTER 10
1.McSpaden, J. B. “Open Letter to Patients: Hard Truths and ‘Straight Talk’ on Hearing Better,” The Hearing Review 15 no. 2 (2008): 32.
2.Sweetow, R. W. and Henderson Sabes, J. “The Need for Development of an Adaptive Listening and Communication Enhancement (LACE)

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Program,” Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 17 (2006): 538– 558.
3.Tye-Murray, N. Foundations of Aural Rehabilitation: Children, Adults, and Their Family Members 2nd ed. (Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2004), 41–80.
4.See Tye-Murray.
5.Cassie, R., McNutt Campbell, M., Frenette, W. L., Scott, L., Howell, I., and Roy, A. “Clear Speech for Adults with a Hearing Loss: Does Intervention with Communication Partners Make a Difference?” Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 16 (2005): 157–171.
6.Greer Clark, J. and English, K. Counseling in Audiologic Practice (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2004), 202.
CHAPTER 11
1. Sherman, B. D. “Losing Your Ears to Music: The Hearing Loss Epidemic and Musicians,” Early Music America (2000). Available at http://www.bsherman.org/hearingloss.htm.
2.National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). “Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure—Revised Criteria,” Publication No. 98-126 (Cincinnati: NIOSH, 1998). Available at http://www.cdc/ gov/niosh/docs/98-126/chap1.html.
3.American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. “Squealing Pigs a Noise Hazard,” The ASHA Leader (July 12, 2005): 5.
4.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). “Occupational Noise Exposure: Hearing Conservation Amendment; Final Rule,” Federal Register 48 (1983): 9738–9785.
5.Kirkwood, D. H. “Largest Gathering of Audiologists Ever Brings a New Rap Home from Denver,” The Hearing Journal 60, no. 6 (2007): 42–52.
6.Lipscomb, D. M. “An Exercise in Futility: Frustrations of a Hearing Conservationist (A Historical Review and Summary of Hearing Conservation Issues),” Audiology Online, www.audiologyonline.com/articles/article detail.asp? article id=1371.
7.Battat, B. “From the Executive Director’s Desk,” Hearing Loss Magazine (May/June 2008): 6.
8.Helfer, T. M., Jordan, N. N., and Lee, R. B. “Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U. S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics From April 1, 2003, through March 31, 2004,” American Journal of Audiology 14 (2005): 161–168.
9.American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. “Hearing Loss Rises among U. S. Soldiers in Iraq,” The ASHA Leader 11, no. 4 (2006): 5, 19.
10.Bloom, S. “New Hearing Conservation Initiatives: Small Steps with Great Potential,” The Hearing Journal 59 (2006): 23–30.
11.Portnuff, C. D. F. and Fligor, B. J. “Sound Output Levels of the iPod and Other MP3 Players: Is There Potential Risk to Hearing?” (Paper presented at Hearing Loss in Children at Work and Play conference, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 19, 2006).
12.Fligor, B. J. “Hearing Loss and iPods: What Happens When You Turn Them to 11?” The Hearing Journal 60, no. 10 (2007): 10–16.

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13.See Fligor.
14.Naquin Shafer, D. “Hearing Protection Proposed for UNGC Music Students,” The ASHA Leader 11, no. 4 (2006): 11.
15.The Right to Quiet Society. Home page, http://www. quiet.org.
16.The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. “Noise and Hearing Loss,” ASHA, http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/noise.htm.
17.City of New York, Office of the Mayor. “Mayor Bloomberg Calls on City Council to Pass Noise Code,” www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem. c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor press release &catID=1194&doc name=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom% 2Fhtml%2F2005b%2Fpr320-05.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1.
18.National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. “Crank it Down,” NIDCD, http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/inside/sum06/ pg1.asp.
19.dB Drag Racing: Car Stereo Competition. Home page, http//:www.termpro. com/dbdrag/.
20.Campbell, K. C. M., Larsen, D. L., Meech, R. P., Rybak, L. P., and Hughes, L. F. “Glutathione Ester But Not Glutathione Protects against Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity in a Rat Model,” Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 14, no. 3 (2003): 124–133.
21.Konrad-Martin, D., Helt, W. J., Reavis, K. M., Gordon, J. S., Coleman, L. L., Bratt, G. W., and Fausti, S. A. “Otoxoxicity: Early Detection and Monitoring,” The ASHA Leader (May 24, 2005): 1, 11–14.
22.Rubel, E. W. “Promising Research on Hair Cell Regeneration,” The Hearing Review (October 2004). Available at http://www.hearingreview.com/ issues/articles/2004-10 01.asp.
23.Lonsbury-Martin, B. “Advances in Audiology Research: An Overivew,” The ASHA Leader 11, no. 4 (2006): 1, 15, 22.
24.Campbell, K. C. M., Kelly, E., Targovnik, N., Hughes, L., Van Saders, C., Bendix Gottlieb, A., Dorr, M. B., and Leighton, A. “Audiologic Monitoring for Potential Ototoxicity in a Phase I Clinical Trial of a New Glycopeptide Antibiotic,”
Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 14 (2003): 157–168.
25.Naquin Shafer, D. “A Magic Pill? Compound Could Mediate Noise-induced Hearing Loss,” The ASHA Leader (June 14, 2005): 5, 30.
APPENDIX G
1. Martin, M. “Software-based Auditory Training Program Found to Reduce Hearing Aid Return Rate,” The Hearing Journal 60, no. 8 (2007): 32–35.
APPENDIX H
1. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. “Hospital Noise Stresses Patients and Staff,” ASHA Leader 11, no. 3 (2006): 6.
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