Учебники / The Sinus Sourcebook Rosin 1998

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Glossary

A

Adenoids

Tissue that sits in the nasopharynx. Present in children, it shrinks by the late teens and early twenties.

Allergens

Substances that trigger an allergic response.

Allergic Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nose secondary to allergy.

Allergy

Hypersensitivity to a specific substance that does not cause symptoms in most people.

Analgesic

Medication that helps to relieve pain.

Anaphylaxis

Allergic reactions that occur immediately and progress rapidly; can be life-threatening.

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Antibiotic

Medication that fights against bacterial infection.

Antihistamine

Medication that fights allergy symptoms.

Antitussive

Medication designed to relieve coughing.

Asthma

Disease in which there is a lower lung airway sensitivity to a variety of stimuli.

C

CAT Scan

A type of X rayComputerized Axial Tomographywhich shows multiple slices through the area of interest.

Choanal Atresia

Condition, congenital in origin, in which there is complete blockage at the back of one or both nostrils.

Choanal Stenosis

Condition in which there is narrowing in the back of one or both nostrils.

Cilia

Microscopic hairs that line the respiratory passages and help to propel the overlying mucus blanket.

Cluster Headache

Intense, one-sided headaches which can be accompanied by tearing and watery nasal discharge; associated with dilated blood vessels.

Cold

Viral infection of the nose and surrounding upper respiratory passages.

Common Cold

See cold.

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Concha Bullosa

Enlargement of a middle turbinate by an air cell trapped within; this may block normal sinus drainage and can cause headache.

Corticosteroids

See steroids.

Cortisone

See steroids.

CT Scan

See CAT scan.

Cystic Fibrosis

Hereditary disease consisting of abnormal gland function. It is found mostly in children, who get digestive, lung, sinus, and nasal polyp disease.

D

Decongestant

An oral medication or nasal spray which opens the nasal passages by shrinking the lining of the nose.

Desensitization

A program of allergy injections designed to raise a patient's immunity to allergens.

Deviated Septum

A twist of the central nasal septum, that may narrow the nasal airway and require surgical correction.

E

Eczema

A skin condition with redness, swelling, crusting, scaling, and itching.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

A surgical procedure in which the sinuses are operated on via the nose using an endoscope (telescope) for visualization.

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Eosinophils

A type of blood cell that is increased during an allergic response.

Eustachian Tube

A tube that runs between the nasopharynx and the ear, equalizing pressure between them.

F

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

See Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

G

Gastroesophageal Reflux

A condition in which stomach acids back up into the esophagus (food pipe); often associated with a hiatal hernia.

H

Halitosis

Medical term for bad breath.

Histamine

Substance in the body which triggers a full-blown allergic reaction.

I

Immunoglobulin

A class of proteins that the body produces to help fight infections.

Immuno-suppressed

Condition of a poorly functioning immune system which fights infection; can occur in patients with HIV, AIDS, transplant patients, and cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Interferon

A protein material, still somewhat experimental, that can act to ward off viral attacks.

M

Migraine

A type of headache caused by distension of the blood vessels in the head which is severe and recurrent.

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MRI

A type of X rayMagnetic Resonance Imagingwhich takes multiple slices through the area of interest without using radiation.

Mucolytic

A type of medication which thins mucus so it can be more easily cleared from the respiratory tract.

Myalgia

Pain caused by muscular discomfort.

N

Nasal Cycle

The normal process whereby each side of the nose alternately opens and closes.

Nasal Smear

A sample of nasal secretions collected and analyzed in a laboratory.

Nasopharynx

Area located in the back of the nose.

Neuralgia

Pain that occurs when a nerve fires abnormally and produces pain in the area supplied by the nerve.

O

Olfaction

Sense of smell.

Ostiomeatal Complex (OMC)

Central area located in the ethmoid sinuses through which all the sinuses drain; when this area is blocked, other sinuses become secondarily infected.

Ostium

The opening of a sinus where it drains into the nose.

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Otolaryngologist

Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders. Also called an otorhinolaryngologist.

P

Paranasal Sinus

Air-filled bony cavities located adjacent to the nose in the face and skull.

Perennial Allergies

Allergies which occur throughout the year.

Polyp

Grapelike, inflammatory swelling of the nasal and sinus linings.

Pulmonologist

Physician specializing in diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases.

R

RAST (radioallergosorbent test)

An allergy blood test which measures specific antibodies which are produced in response to certain allergens.

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the lining of the nose.

S

Seasonal Allergies

Allergies which produce symptoms during particular seasons of the year.

Septum

Bony and cartilaginous partition that separates the right and left sides of the nose.

Sinuses

See paranasal sinus.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the lining of one or more of the paranasal sinuses.

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Steroids

A type of medication that can be used for nasal and sinus problems for its strong anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory effects; same as cortisone or corticosteroids.

T

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Joint where the jaw hinges in front of each ear; can be a source of headache.

Tension Headache

Most common type of chronic headache. The headache has a tight, "bandlike" quality to it; often associated with anxiety and depression.

Tic Douloureux

See Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A pain that is severe, sharp, spasmodic, and occurs in any part of the face. Also known as tic douloureux.

Turbinates

Bones located on the side wall of the nose; there are three turbinates on each side of the nosethe inferior, middle, and superior.

U

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

An infection involving the lining of the nose or throat, usually viral in origin.

V

Vaccine

A preparation which is injected into the body and allows the body's immune system to make antibodies that will fight against a specific ailment.

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Bibliography

"Allergic Rhinitis and Sinusitis: Causation and Outcomes." Clinical Courier, American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy Foundation 5, no. 4 (March 1997).

Anderson-Parrado, Patricia. "Relieve Colds and Allergies with Homeopathic Remedies." Better Nutrition 59, no. 3: 26 (March 1997).

Current Therapy in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 5th ed. (St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1994).

"Diagnosis and Management of Acute and Chronic Sinusitis." University of Virginia Reports on Respiratory Infections 1, no. 1 (1997).

Farb, Stanley N. The Ear, Nose, and Throat Book. (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1980).

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"Inflammatory Diseases of the Sinus." Otolaryngic Clinics of North America 26, no. 4 (August 1993). Krause, Helen F., M.D. Otolaryngic Allergy and Immunology. (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1989).

"Medical Management of Sinusitis: Educational Goals and Management Guidelines." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 104, no. 10: part 2 (October 1995).

"Otolaryngic Allergy." Otolaryngic Clinics of North America 25, no. 1 (February 1992). "Pediatric Sinusitis." Otolaryngic Clinics of North America 29, no. 1 (February 1996).

"Primer on Allergic and Immunologic Diseases." Journal of the American Medical Association 268, no. 20 (November 25, 1992).

Settipone, Guy A. Rhinitis, 2d ed. (Providence, R.I.: Ocean Side Publications, Inc., 1991).

Springen, Karen. "Get the Cold Facts." Country Journal 23, no. 5: 12 (SeptOct 1996).

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Index

A

Acetaminophen, 95, 128

Acute sinusitis, 32-34, 42

Adenoid facies defined, 8

Adenoidectomy, 115

Adenoids

enlarged, 57-58 tissues, 6

Air pressure, changes in, 81

Allergies, 47, 61-78

allergy-testing, 67-70 anaphylaxis, 65-66 and animals, 74

and antibiotics, 141 childhood, 102-103 common, 64-66 defining, 62-64 and dust, 71-72

and environmental factors, 64-65 food diaries, 70

and headaches, 87-88 in-vitro testing, 69-70 in-vivo testing, 68-69 medications, 65, 74-77

miscellaneous sources of, 73-74

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