Учебники / index

INDEX

AAO-HNS

hearing handicap, 171 Abducens palsy

with retracted bulb, 356 Abductor spasmodic dysphonias,

464–465

Aberrant thyroid tissue, 392–393 ABR, 4–5, 95, 119

for atresia or microtia, 358 Acetaminophen

causing headache, 298 for children

with migraine-type headaches, 293 Achalasia, 556

Achromobacter xylosaxidans in chronic otitis media, 60

Acinic cell carcinoma of salivary glands, 517

Acoustic neuroma, 227 Acoustic rhinometry, 268

Acquired angioneurotic edema, 539 Acquired aphasia

children with, 414 Acquired attic cholesteatomas

pathogenesis of, 47 Acquired cholesteatomas, 46 Acquired immune deficiency

syndrome (AIDS), 231–240 antiretroviral therapy, 234–235 clinical course of, 233 epidemiology of, 231–232

in infants

otitis media with, 34 opportunistic infections, 233–234 otorhinolaryngologic

manifestations, 235–240 transmission of, 232–233

Acquired preformed pathways, 59

Actinomyces israelii

in upper respiratory tract infection, 250

Action potential, 5 Acute bronchiolitis, 550

Acute diffuse otitis externa, 25–26

Acute epiglottitis etiology of, 242–243

Acute glomerulonephritis, 247 Acute laryngeal infection, 449–450 Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

etiology of, 243

Acute localized otitis externa, 25 Acute otitis media (AOM)

bacteriology of, 58 complications of, 58–74

cranial, 63–64 intracranial, 68–73

potential management errors, 73–74

computed tomography of, 62 definition of, 35

magnetic resonance imaging of, 62 management of, 40–42 presenting as, 39

prevention of, 42

repeated episodes of, 41–42 Acute rheumatic fever, 247–248 Acute spasmodic laryngitis, 539–540 Acute suppurative labyrinthitis, 67 Acute supraglottitis, 448, 540 Acute viral laryngitis, 449–450 Acyclovir (Zovirax)

for acute diffuse otitis externa, 28 for AIDS, 236

for cranial neuralgias, 301 for facial paralysis, 207

Adductor spasmodic dysphonias, 464–465

Adenocarcinoma

of esophagus, 559 polymorphous low-grade

of salivary glands, 517 Adenoid cystic carcinoma

of larynx and laryngopharynx, 474 of salivary glands, 516–517

of sinonasal tract, 305 Adenoidectomy, 371–372

for chronic otitis media with effusion, 44–45

Adenoids

infections of, 369–370 obstruction of, 370–371

Adenomas, 31

of sinonasal tract, 304 Adenoviruses

pharyngitis, 241–242 Adhesive otitis media, 46

Advanced combined encoder strategy, 195

Advanced glottic cancer treatment of, 481

Advanced laryngeal cancer treatment of, 480–483

Advanced supraglottic cancer treatment of, 480–481

Age-related hearing loss, 94, 131, 169 Ageusia, 225

Aging

noise exposure, 116 presbycusis, 116

AIDS. See Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Airway

clinical evaluation of, 417 control of, 417–422 management of, 418–419

Alar cartilages overdevelopment of, 333–334

Alcohol, 471–472 Alkaline battery, 99 Allergens, 256–257 Allergic dermatitis of auricle, 23–24

Allergic rhinitis, 254–265 AIDS, 237

clinical presentation of, 257–259 diagnosis of, 260–262 immunotherapy for, 264 pathophysiology of, 255–256 patient history of, 257–259 physical examination in, 259–260 skin testing in, 261

therapy of, 262–265

in vitro immunoglobulin E measurements, 261–262

Allergy

manifestations to inhalants, 454 in otitis media with effusion, 36–37

Alport’s syndrome, 91 ALS, 459–460

Alternaria, 251, 257 Alveolar ridge

tumors of, 502–503 American Academy of

OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS)

hearing handicap, 171 Amikacin

ototoxic effect of, 121 Amiloride

for infectious rhinitis, 271 Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss

genetic susceptibility to, 122–123 Aminoglycosides, 112

for chronic otitis media, 50 ototoxic effect of, 121–123

Aminophylline

for angioedema, 452 Amoxicillin

for acute otitis media, 40 Amoxicillin-clavulanate

for acute otitis media, 41 Amphotericin

for AIDS, 239 Amphotericin B

for histoplasmosis, 252 for mucormycosis, 251

Ampicillin

for acute otitis media, 40 Amplifier, 7

Amyloidosis, 556–557 larynx, 538

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 459–460

Anaphylaxis, 452 Anaplastic carcinoma

with amyloid stroma, 530 Angioedema, 452

drug-induced, 539 hereditary, 452, 539

Angioneurotic edema

acquired, 539 Angular cheilitis AIDS, 238

Ankyloglossia, 410 Anomic aphasia, 415

Anterior cricoid split operation, 387–388 Anterior lateral skull base approach

for intranasal tumors, 310 Antibiotics

for chronic otitis media with effusion, 43

ototoxicity of, 111–112 Anticonvulsants

for cranial neuralgias, 301 Antiemetics

for migraine-type headaches, 293 Antihistamines

for allergic rhinitis, 262–263 for angioedema, 452

for rhinosinusitis, 284 Anti-IgE

for allergic rhinitis, 264–265 Antioxidants, 112 Antiprostaglandin drugs

for relapsing polychondritis, 24 Antireassurance

of tinnitus, 185

Antistreptolysin O (ASO) antibody assay, 247

Anxiety

with dizziness, 18–19 AOM. See Acute otitis media Aphasia, 414–416

acquired

children with, 414 anomic, 415 Broca’s, 415 conduction, 415 global, 415

jargon, 415 motor, 415 Wernicke’s, 415

Aphonia, 403–404 Apoptotic cell death, 220 Apraxia, 411

Arch fractures, 346

Arthroophthalmopathy hereditary, 87–88

Articulation disorders, 409–411 in children

treatment of, 411 Arytenoid adduction

for glottic incompetence, 462 Arytenoid arytenoidopexy

for glottic incompetence, 462 Arytenoid cartilage

granulomas of, 537 ASO antibody assay, 247

Aspergillus, 257, 551

in acute diffuse otitis externa, 25 sinusitis, 251

Aspergillus fumigatus

HIV infection, 246 Aspirin

causing headache, 298 causing infectious rhinitis, 272 ototoxic effect of, 126–127

Atelectatic otitis media, 46 Atresia

aural

diagnosis of, 356–358 etiology of, 355–356 management of, 358–362

choanal, 395–396

of nasopharynx, 376 embryology of, 353–355 surgery for, 360–362

Attic cholesteatomas acquired

pathogenesis of, 47 pathogenesis of, 47

Atypical carcinoid

of larynx and laryngopharynx, 474 Atypical facial pain, 302–303 Audiogram, 1–2

normal range of, 2 Audiologic assessment diagnostic, 1–11

indications for, 6–7 Audiologic test battery, 1–4 Audiometric testing

for chronic otitis media, 48

Auditory brainstem response (ABR), 4–5, 95, 119

for atresia or microtia, 358 Auditory evoked potentials, 179 Auditory evoked responses, 4–5 Auditory signals

perception of, 178–179 Augmentation

for glottic incompetence, 462 Aural atresia

diagnosis of, 356–358 etiology of, 355–356 management of, 358–362

Auricle

allergic dermatitis of, 23–24 basal cell carcinoma of, 32 cellulitis of, 23

chondritis of, 24 frostbite of, 21 malformations of, 316 perichondritis of, 24

relapsing perichondritis of, 24 squamous cell carcinoma of, 31–32

Auricular hematoma, 21 Autogenous temporalis fascia, 51 Autograft ossicles, 52 Autoimmune inner ear disease,

140–153

classification of, 147–149 diagnosis of, 143–146 etiology of, 141–143 treatment of, 149–152

Autologous blood injection

for perilymphatic fistulae, 139 Autologous fat injection

for glottic incompetence, 462 Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic

hearing impairment, 92 Autosomal dominant syndromic

hearing impairment, 87–89 Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment, 92–93

Autosomal recessive syndromic hearing impairment, 89–91

Azathioprine

for Wegener’s granulomatosis, 274

Baclofen

for cranial neuralgias, 301 Bacterial folliculitis, 271 Bacterial laryngitis, 450, 541 Bacterial tracheitis, 541, 550

Bacteroides fragilis

in chronic otitis media, 49, 60 BAER. See Auditory brainstem

response

Balloon tamponade, 546 Barbiturates

causing headache, 298 Barrett’s metaplasia, 557, 559 Basal cell carcinoma

of auricle, 32 nasal, 275

Basaloid squamous carcinoma

of larynx and laryngopharynx, 473 Battle’s sign, 103

Behcet’s syndrome, 363 Behind-the-ear hearing aid, 8 Bell’s palsy, 207, 227

recurrence of, 207 Benign hypertension, 297 Benign mucous membrane

(cicatricial) pemphigoid, 558 Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,

154–155

Bezold’s abscess, 61, 64–65 BHSP, 144

Bifid epiglottis, 379

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas, 394 Bilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis, 438 Bilateral vocal fold fixation, 438 Bilateral vocal fold paralysis, 463 Binocular microscopy

for chronic otitis media, 48

Bipolaris, 251 Bisphosphonates

for otosclerosis, 78 Blast injuries, 100 Blastomycosis, 252, 452

Blastomycosis dermatitidis, 252 Blunt trauma, 98, 205 Boerhaave’s syndrome, 559–560 Bogart-Bacall syndrome, 456

Bomb explosions, 100 Bondy modified radical mastoidectomy

for chronic otitis media, 54–55

Borrelia burgdorferi

causing facial nerve paralysis, 206 Botulinum toxin injections, 217

for spasmodic dysphonias, 466 Bovine heat shock protein (bHSP), 144 Bowman’s glands, 219

Brain abscess, 69–70

Brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER). See Auditory brainstem

response

Branchial arch syndromes, 356 Branchial cleft anomalies, 390–391 Branchial fistulae, 356 Branchio-oto-renal syndrome, 87

Branhamella catarrhalis in acute otitis media, 58 in otitis media, 37

Breathiness, 404 Broca’s aphasia, 415 Bronchial carcinoid, 553 Bronchiectasis, 551 Bronchiolitis

acute, 550 Bronchoalveolar lavage, 548

Bronchoesophagology, 546–560 Bronchogenic carcinoma, 552–553 Bronchology, 546–554 Bronchopleural fistulae, 548 Bronchoscopy

indications for, 546–550 tracheobronchial conditions, 550–552

Brow lift direct, 212

Bullous myringitis, 28 Burning mouth syndrome, 226 Burns, 22

Cachexia, 228 Caffeine

causing headache, 298–299 Cahart’s notch, 77 Calcitonin, 531

Caldwell-Luc procedure, 287, 346 Canalplasty, 51–52

Canal stenosis

surgery for, 360–362

Candida

in acute diffuse otitis externa, 25

Candida albicans

in upper respiratory tract infection, 250

Candidiasis, 452 AIDS, 237–238

in upper respiratory tract infection, 250

Carbon-dioxide lasers, 425, 548–549 Carbon disulfide, 115

Carboplatin

ototoxic effect of, 123–124 Carotid arteriography

in laryngotracheal trauma, 433 Cassette players

noise levels of, 116 Caustic burns, 98, 99

to tympanic membrane, 101 Caustic ingestion, 556 Cavernous hemangioma, 29 Cefixime (Suprax)

for acute otitis media, 41 Cefprozil (Cefzil)

for acute otitis media, 41 Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

for acute otitis media, 41 Cefzil

for acute otitis media, 41 Cellulitis

of auricle, 23

Central sleep apnea, 377 Cerebellar abscess, 70 Cerebellopontine angle, 227

anatomy of, 158–159 Cerebellopontine angle tumors, 158–168

diagnosis of, 160–161 natural history of, 159–160 symptoms of, 160

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 67–68 Cerumen, 22

Cervical fascia, 372

Cervicogenic headache, 299 CHARGE association (coloboma,

heart defect, choanal atresia, retarded growth, genitourinary defects, and ear anomalies),

356, 395 Chemical spills, 99 Chemokines, 255

Chemosensory dysfunction assessment of, 221

Chemotherapy, 228 Chest trauma, 547 Chickenpox, 129, 208 Children

acquired aphasia in, 414 acute bronchiolitis in, 550 acute otitis media in

repeated episodes of, 41–42 articulation disorders in

treatment of, 411 cochlear implants in

clinical results of, 201 patient selection for, 197–198

corticosteroids for, 264

diagnostic audiologic assessment of indications for, 6–7

eustachian tube

functional obstruction of, 36 foreign bodies

aspiration of, 549 hearing loss impact on, 6–7

herpetic gingivostomatitis in, 365 HIV infection in

otitis media, 246

laryngeal trauma in, 430–431 laryngitis in, 447–449

causes of, 448–449 migraine-type headaches in, 293 normal speech development in, 409 obstructive sleep apnea in, 370–371 organic articulation disorders in, 410 otitis media in

epidemiology of, 34

viral laryngotracheitis in, 447–448 Choanal atresia, 395–396

of nasopharynx, 376

Cholesteatomas acquired, 46 attic

acquired, 47 pathogenesis of, 47

classification of, 46 complications of, 63–66, 206 congenital, 46

pathogenesis of, 47 otorrhea secondary to, 50 of sinonasal tract, 304

Chondritis

of auricle, 24

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis, 30

Chondromas

of larynx, 537 Chondronecrosis, 437 Chondrosarcoma

of larynx and laryngopharynx, 474 Chordomas, 397

Chromosomal karyotyping, 96 Chronic mastoiditis

pathologic features of, 60 Chronic otitis externa, 26

Chronic otitis media (COM), 46–57 bacteriology of, 48–49, 60–61 classification of, 46–47 complications of, 56–57, 58–74

cranial, 63–64 intracranial, 68–73

potential management errors, 73–74 computed tomography of, 62 diagnosis of, 47–48

magnetic resonance imaging of, 62 management of, 49–50 pathogenesis of, 47

surgery of, 50–56

Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME)

definition of, 35–36 management of, 42–43 surgery of, 43–44

Chronic postherpetic neuralgia, 301 Cicatricial pemphigoid, 558 Cigarettes, 471–472

Cigar smoking, 471–472 Ciliary beat frequency, 267

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro HC) for acute diffuse otitis externa, 26 for chronic otitis media, 49, 50

for necrotizing (malignant) external otitis, 27

Cisplatin

ototoxic effect of, 123–124

Cladosporium, 251, 257

Clarion cochlear implant system, 195 Cleft lip, 398–400

Cleft palate, 398–400 Clinical geneticist

referral to, 96 Clothesline injury, 542

to larynx, 430 Clotrimazole

for AIDS, 239

Cluster headaches, 295–296 CMV. See Cytomegalovirus Coalescent mastoiditis, 63

Coccidioides immitis, 252–253 Coccidioidomycosis, 252–253 Cochlea

aminoglycoside induced damage, 122 vascular accidents affecting, 131

Cochlear implants, 193–203 audiologic assessment for, 198 clinical results of, 200–203

in children, 201

medical assessment of, 199 patient selection for, 196–198 speech intelligibility and language,

201–202

speech perception outcome, 201–202 surgical implantation of, 199–200

Cochlear microphonic, 5 Codeine

causing headache, 298 Cogan’s syndrome, 149, 151 COL1A1 gene, 76

Colistin

for acute diffuse otitis externa, 26 Collagen injection

for glottic incompetence, 462

Coloboma, heart defect, choanal atresia, retarded growth, genitourinary defects, and ear

anomalies, 356, 395 COM. See Chronic otitis media

COME. See Chronic otitis media with effusion

Common cold etiology of, 241

Compact disc players noise levels of, 116

Completely-in-the-canal hearing aid, 8 Compound action potential, 175 Computed tomography (CT), 19 Computerized dynamic posturography

(CDP), 14, 18 Conduction aphasia, 415 Conductive hearing loss, 2 Congenital anomalies

head and neck, 390–401 Congenital cholesteatomas, 46

pathogenesis of, 47

Congenital conductive hearing loss surgery for, 359–360

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) syndrome, 129

Congenital deafness, 129 Congenital ear malformations

surgery of

complications from, 206 Congenital facial diplegia, 204 Congenital laryngeal abnormalities, 543 Congenital laryngeal clefts, 382–384 Congenital preformed pathways, 59 Congenital rubella syndrome, 129 Congenital subglottic lesions, 386–389 Connective tissue disorders, 558 Continuous interleaved sampling

strategy, 195

Conversion reaction dysphonia, 468–469 Cortical mastoidectomy

for chronic otitis media, 53 Corticosteroid inhalers, 454

causing laryngeal candidiasis, 452 Corticosteroids

for allergic rhinitis, 263

for angioedema, 452

for autoimmune inner ear disease, 151

for children, 264

for chronic otitis media with effusion, 43

for relapsing polychondritis, 24 for sensorineural hearing loss, 133

Cortisporin

for acute diffuse otitis externa, 26

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, 448–449 in upper respiratory tract infection,

248 Cranialization

for frontal sinus fractures, 349–350 Cranial neuralgias, 301–302 Craniofacial dysostosis, 356 Craniopharyngiomas, 375, 397 Craniotomy/craniofacial approach

for intranasal tumors, 310–311 Cricoarytenoid joint fixation

for laryngotracheal stenosis, 426–428 Cricothyroidotomy, 420

Cromolyn sodium

for allergic rhinitis, 263 Croup, 540–541

etiology of, 243 false, 449 nocturnal, 539–540

Crouzon’s disease, 356 Cryptococcosis, 252

Cryptococcus, 234 Cryptococcus neoformans, 252 CT, 19

Cup ear, 316

Curvularia, 251 Cyclophosphamide

for Wegener’s granulomatosis, 274 Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

for autoimmune inner ear disease, 149

Cystic fibrosis, 551

and infectious rhinitis, 270–271 Cystic hygromas, 392

of larynx and laryngopharynx, 471 Cytokines, 255

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) neonatal

screening, 129 pharyngitis, 241

upper respiratory tract infections, 245–246

Danazol

for hereditary angioedema, 452–453 Dapsone

for relapsing polychondritis, 24 Darwin’s tubercle, 315

Deafness congenital, 129

Decibel, 1 Decongestants

for allergic rhinitis, 263 causing infectious rhinitis, 272

Dental cysts, 368 Dental infections, 368

Dental occlusion, 342–343 Depression

with dizziness, 18–19

De Quervain’s granulomatous thyroiditis, 527

Dermatologic vesicobullous disease, 558

Dermoid cysts, 394–395 Dermoids

of sinonasal tract, 304 Dexamethasone (Tobradex)

for acute diffuse otitis externa, 26 for autoimmune inner ear disease,

143, 151

Diagnostic audiologic assessment, 1–11 indications for, 6–7

Diazepam

for Meniere’s disease, 157 Dihydroergotamine

causing headache, 298

Dilated vestibular aqueduct (DVA), 87 Diphtheria

oral manifestations of, 366

in upper respiratory tract infection, 248

Direct brow lift, 212

Disco music

noise levels of, 116 Dix-Hallpike maneuver, 16, 107 Dizziness

evaluation of, 12–13 psychological symptoms of, 18–19

Down syndrome, 367

Drechslera, 251

Drug-induced angioedema, 539 Duane’s syndrome, 356

Dust mites, 256–257, 262 DVA, 87

Dysarthria, 411 Dysgeusia, 225, 228 Dysosmia, 220 Dysphasia, 414–416

Dysphonia plicae ventricularis, 468 Dysplasia

definition of, 473

Ear

AIDS, 236

sound effect on, 110–111 Ear canal

burns of, 99 Early glottic cancer

treatment of, 478–479 Early supraglottic cancer treatment of, 479–480

Ebner’s glands, 224 ECochG, 4–5, 17

for Meniere’s disease, 5 Edematous epiglottis

thumb sign of, 448 Elderly

detecting high pitched sounds, 169 Elective mutism, 469

Electric response testing, 119 Electric suppression

of tinnitus, 185 Electrocochleography (ECochG), 4–5,

17

for Meniere’s disease, 5 Electrocution injuries, 101–102 Electrolarynx, 483 Electromyographic facial nerve

monitoring, 56–57 Electroneurography (ENoG), 207 Electron microscopy

of mucociliary function, 267 Electronystagmography (ENG), 14–16 Encephalocele, 59, 67–68, 68 Endobronchial lesions

biopsy of, 547–548 Endobronchial stents, 548 Endolymphatic hydrops.

See Meniere’s disease Endolymphatic potential, 175 Endoscopic sinus surgery

functional

of rhinosinusitis, 285–286

for paranasal sinus neoplasms, 309 ENG, 14–16

ENoG, 207

Enterobacter sinusitis, 244

Environmental irritants occupational exposure to, 272

Environmental noise, 116 Epidermoids, 167–168 Epidermolysis bullosa, 558 Epidural abscess, 71 Epiglottis

bifid, 379 edematous

thumb sign of, 448 Epiglottitis, 540

acute

etiology of, 242–243 Epinephrine

for angioedema, 452 Epistaxis, 275 Epstein-Barr virus

AIDS, 238

association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, 485

pharyngitis, 241

upper respiratory tract infections, 244–245

EquiTest, 17

Ergotamine

causing headache, 298

Ergot derivatives causing headache, 299

for migraine-type headaches, 293 Erysipelas, 271–273

Erythema multiforme, 364 Erythromycin

for acute otitis media, 40 for pediatric laryngitis, 449

Escherichia coli sinusitis, 244

Esophageal diverticula, 557 Esophageal speech, 483 Esophageal strictures, 555 Esophageal varices, 559–560 Esophagitis

infectious, 558 Esophagology, 554–560 Esophagoscopy

indications for, 554 therapeutic, 555

Esophagus AIDS, 239

Esthetic septorhinoplasty, 326–341 Ethmoidectomy, 287–288 Ethmoiditis, 280

Ethmoid sinus, 287–290 Ethmoid sinusitis, 281 Eustachian tube

dysfunction of, 36 functional obstruction of, 36 function of, 36

Evoked acoustic emissions (OAEs), 6 Exostoses, 30–31

External approach

to nasal tip surgery, 331 External auditory canal

diseases of, 25–26 fractures of, 23

penetrating trauma of, 98–99 squamous cell carcinoma of, 32–33

External ear

benign tumors of, 29–31 disease of, 21–33

infection and inflammation of, 23–26 malignant tumors of, 31–33

trauma to, 21–23

Extraesophageal reflux, 541 Eyebrow

facial reanimation procedures, 212 Eyelids

facial reanimation procedures, 212

Facial diplegia congenital, 204

Facial fractures, 342–352 frontal sinus, 348–350 mandibular, 343–345 maxilla, 347–348

nasofrontal-ethmoidal complex fractures, 350–352

zygoma, 345–346 Facial nerve

abnormalities of, 204–210 acquired, 205–210 congenital, 204–205

injury of, 98–99

from otologic surgery, 206 location of

in parotid gland surgery, 507 paralysis of, 66–67, 204–217

electromyography of, 210–211 electroneuronography of, 210 facial reanimation procedures,

212–217

and hemifacial spasm, 209 from infection, 206–208 and neoplasms, 208–209 nerve repair, 211–212

neurodiagnostic tests of, 210–211 trauma-induced, 205

surgery of, 211

Facial pain. See also Headache associated with craniofacial or

cervical disorders, 299–301 atypical, 302–303

Facial paralysis idiopathic, 207

Facial reanimation procedures, 212–217 electromyography in, 214

eye care, 212

Facial recess approach, 53 False croup, 449