Учебники / Voice Disorders and Their Management Freeman 2000
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Voice Disorders and their Management |
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Index
abductor paralysis 37 bilateral 38, 41 unilateral 38
abductor spasmodic dysphonia 164, 197 botulinum toxin treatment 211–12
accent method 131–2, 154–5 acetazolamide 167
acid reflux, as laryngeal irritant 35 acoustic voice quality measurements,
after radiotherapy 277–9 acoustics, effect on professional voice
users 294, 296 actors
and ageing 29, 294 dehydration 297
laryngeal manipulation 324 vocal usage level 283
see also professional voice users Adam’s apple 24
adduction arytenopexy 188–9 adductor laryngospasms 198 adductor paralysis 37
bilateral 38 pseudo bilateral 39 unilateral 38, 45
adductor spasmodic dysphonia 164, 194, 195, 196–7
botulinum toxin treatment 208–9, 211–12
physiological behaviour 196–7 adenoids, during puberty 24 adherence 297–8
adolescents 25–6, 67 female 242–3
adults 26–7
male-female difference in voice and speech 26–7
aerobic instructors, vocal attrition 284–5 aerodynamic voice measurements 80–1
after radiotherapy 277–9 African languages 5
ageing
biological vs. chronological 29 and deaf speakers 232
and fundamental frequency 29, 234, 243
laryngeal disorders 40, 67–8 professional voice users 294 voice changes in 28–31 voice disorder prevalence 50
air flow
equipment for measuring 331 patient assessment 80–1 after radiotherapy 277–8
in vocal fold paralysis 180, 185
air pollutants, as laryngeal irritants 116 air pressure, in vocal fold paralysis 185
studies 180
air traffic controllers, vocal attrition 285
airport announcers, vocal attrition 285 airway, artificial 41
airway maintenance in children 42 surgery for 41–2
alaryngeal dysphonia 63 Albany Trust 257 alcohol
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and laryngeal cancer 270, 274 as laryngeal irritant 35, 116
Alexander Technique 298 allergic laryngitis 67 allergic rhinitis 67 allergies 67, 145
as cause of aphonia 153 alprazolam 167
ALS, see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis amplitude perturbation (shimmer) 82,
84, 278
amplitude perturbation quotient 84 amplitude variability index 84 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 160,
199 incidence 161
symptoms and signs 162
and vocal fold movement 175 voice characteristics, endoscopic
findings 165
voice characteristics, perceptual findings 164
androgens 28, 39, 60
animals, communication patterns 5 ansa hypoglossi 45
antibiotics 145 anticholinergics 207
as laryngeal irritants 116 antidepressants, as laryngeal irritants
116
antidopaminergic agents 167 antihistamines, as laryngeal irritants 116 antihypertensive drugs, as laryngeal
irritants 116
antipsychotic agents, as laryngeal irritants 116
antiseizure medications 167 anxiety, professional voice users 289 anxiety state 62
aphonia 152–4 causes 153
conversion aphonia 66
as a conversion disorder 139, 152 functional 143–4
hysterical 59 intermittent 153–4 psychogenic 143–4 symptoms and signs 153
therapy techniques 153 whispering aphonia 143
apraxia 62
army instructors, see military training instructors
arthritis, see cricoarytenoid arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis
articulation 1
articulation techniques, transsexuals 264 artificial airway 41
aryepiglottic narrowing 130 arytenoid adduction 188
arytenoid granulomata, laryngeal manipulation in 324
arytenoidectomy 41–2, 190 Asian languages 5
aspirate initiation of voicing 129–30 aspiration, in vocal fold paralysis 182,
183, 190
assessment, see patient assessment asthma 67, 145
vocal hyperfunction and 115, 116 ataxia, cerebellar 62
ataxic voice disorders 159 intensive voice treatment 170 voice characteristics, perceptual
findings 163 athetosis 62 atresia, of larynx 35
attrition, see vocal attrition audio-recording 330
audit, multidisciplinary voice clinics 336–7
auditory voice quality ratings 73–5 difficulty of judging 73–4 rating scales 73–4
augmentative communication, neurological voice disorders 170
autologous fat 45, 187
axonal sprouting, botulinum toxin treatment and 212, 217
babbling 21–2 baclofen 207 Beaumont Society 257
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 205 behaviour modification programmes
123–6
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behavioural descriptions of voice disorders 140–1
behavioural differences, male/female 265
behavioural treatment, neurological voice disorders 167
behavioural voice disorders 62 belting 113, 125
benzhexol 207 benzodiazepines 167, 207 Bernoulli effect 6
birds, communication patterns 5 birth cry 18, 20
body alignment, patient’s 76–7
body language, gender differences 265 Bogart–Bacall syndrome 119
bone growth, during puberty 24–5 Botox 166, 167
see also botulinum toxin botulinum toxin 217–18
Botox vs. Dysport 218 potency 208, 218 preparation and dosage 218
botulinum toxin treatment abductor spasmodic dysphonia
211–12
adductor spasmodic dysphonia 208–9, 211–12
axonal sprouting and 212, 217 evaluation methods 208–9 injection technique 209 laryngeal dystonia 166 long-term effects 212 overview 211–12 psychosocial aspects 210–11 results of 209–11
side effects 209
in spasmodic dysphonia 45–6, 207–8 vocal change after injection 210
bowing of vocal folds 30 classification 65
distribution by age and gender 52 prevalence 51
breath control, deaf speakers 222–3 breathiness 74
see also ‘breathy’; breathy (confidential) voice
breathing, for transsexuals 262–3
breathing exercises, professional voice users 299
‘breathy’ 56–7
benign vs. cancerous lesions 275 after radiotherapy 276
see also breathiness
breathy (confidential) voice 56, 57, 129 bromocriptine 166
Buffalo III Voice Profile 74 bulbar palsy 62
bulimia 67
business people, vocal usage level 283
caffeine, as laryngeal irritant 116, 122 call signs, infants’ 21
cameras 329 cancer 65
control rates 272
distribution by age and gender 50, 52 fear of 33
prevalence 50, 51
see also carcinoma; glottal cancer; laryngeal cancer; laryngeal carcinoma; lung cancer
Cantonese 5
capillary telangiectases, phonosurgery 305–6
indications 305–6 the operation 306
postoperative follow-up and results 306
carbamazepine 207
carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers 42, 43, 44, 303
carcinoma glottic 270
TNM staging 269
see also laryngeal carcinoma case discussion 152
case history interviews 70–3, 149–50, 213–14
basic questions 85
history of voice problem 70–1, 85 medical history 71–2, 85 occupational factors 72–3, 85 open-ended questions 70 patient questionnaires 70, 72, 76,
86–8, 335
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personality factors 72 professional voice users 289–90
psychological considerations 72, 85 questioning technique 70
social factors 72–3, 85 standard formats 70
cerebellar ataxia 62 cervicomedullary compression 179 chanting 133
CHART (continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy) 272, 273
chemical fumes, as laryngeal irritants 116
chest growth, during puberty 25 chest register 237
chest resonance, in transsexuals 260, 264
chest X-ray, vocal fold paralysis 178 chewing technique 132
children
airway maintenance 42
breathing and vocalization studies 242
chewing technique 132 deaf speakers 221, 223, 225 dysphonia 67
early school years to puberty 23 fundamental frequency 224, 241–2 gender differences in voice and
speech 23 hoarseness 23
hyperfunctional behaviour 92, 123 hypertonicity 92
hypofunctional behaviour 92 hypotonicity 92
incidence of voice disorders 89 intonation patterns 23 knowledge base 90
learning from parents 22–3 psychosocial behaviours 96 puberty 24–6
resonance 92, 100 respiration 95–6
speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) 23
stenosis 42
vocal fold paralysis 42, 94 vocal frequency range in 23
voice conveying feeling 90–1
voice therapy, see children, treatment of voice problems
see also adolescents; infants; neonates
children, treatment of voice problems 89–109
adequate hydration 94 aetiology 93–4
assessing vocal capabilities 94–6, 103–5
case example 93–109
general awareness phase of treatment 96, 97–8
general principles 90–2 individualized treatment plan 102 microsurgery 316–17
motivation 92 multidisciplinary approach 91
parental involvement and education 91
pre-test/post-test items 103–5 production phase of treatment
99–100
response to voice therapy 89
specific awareness phase of treatment 96–7, 98–9
stories 92, 100
substituting appropriate vocal options 100–2
tracheotomy 42
treatment programmes 96–100 chorea 62
chronic obstructive airways disease, vocal hyperfunction 115
cleft palate 62 clergy
ageing 294
vocal attrition 285 vocal usage level 283
see also professional voice users clerks, vocal usage level 283 clients, see patients
clinical supervision 152
clinics, see multidisciplinary voice clinics clonazepam 207
Co-phenylcaine forte spray 329 cocaine, as laryngeal irritant 116, 122
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cochlear implants 221 collagen 12, 45, 187, 314 comfort sounds 21
communication, gender differences 265 communication skills, transsexuals 256
non-verbal 265 compliance 297
Compulsory Figures for Voice 125 computed tomography (CT) scan, vocal
fold paralysis 178
Computer Speech Lab voice analysis system 78
confidential voice, see breathy (confidential) voice
conflict over speaking out (CSO) 143 congenital laryngeal disorders 35–6 contact ulcers
classification 62, 63, 65 distribution by age and gender 52 prevalence 51
continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) 272, 273
contraception, oral 28 control rates, cancer 272 conversion aphonia 66 conversion disorder 148
aphonia as 139, 152 spasmodic dysphonia as 193
conversion dysphonia 66 conversion symptoms 62
coping styles and strategies 147–8 cordectomy 41–2
cordotomy 44, 310 laser 190
corticosteroids, as laryngeal irritants 116 cough suppressants, as laryngeal
irritants 116 coughing 113, 115
see also hyperfunction counselling
laryngeal dystonia 211 transsexuals 257
counsellors, in multidisciplinary voice clinics 326–7
creak (glottal fry) 8, 112, 134, 135, 238–9
cricoarytenoid arthritis
classification 62
distribution by age and gender 53 prevalence 51
cricoarytenoid muscles lateral 13
posterior 13, 174 cricopharyngeal myotomy 46 cricothyroid muscle 13
role in falsetto 237 cricothyroid visor 339
Crown and Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI) 205
crying 113
CT, see computed tomography cysts
classification 62, 65
distribution by age and gender 52 prevalence 51
see also epidermoid cysts; mucus retention cysts
dance teachers, vocal attrition 284–5 deaf speakers 219–33
ageing and 232 breath control 222–3 children 221, 223, 225 education choice 221 falsetto voice 231, 236
fundamental frequency 224 vs. hearing groups 227–31
vs. hearing impaired speakers 220 high pitch 223–4
laryngeal features 222–4 literature review 222–5 loudness 230
miscellaneous factors affecting voice 231–3
nasal voice quality 224
non-neutral supralaryngeal, laryngeal and prosodic features 229
personality affecting voice disorder 232
pitch 223–4, 230
prosodic aspects, miscellaneous 224–5
range of articulatory movements 228–30
secondary voice disorder 231–2
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tense/harsh voice 223 tension 230
time of onset of hearing loss 220 velopharyngeal features 224 voice quality in 222–3
voices different from those of hearing speakers 220, 221–2
decongestants, as laryngeal irritants 116 deglutition, see swallowing dehydration
and professional voice users 297 see also hydration
dentures, effect on articulation 30 Deprenyl 166
diabetes, and vocal fold movement 175 diadochokinetic rates, laryngeal 77 diagnosis 149–52
interview 149–50
and musculoskeletal tension 150–1 personal factors in 151 psychosocial factors in 151 reflection and supervision 152 sifting the information 151–2 stress and 150
diaphragmatic-abdominal breathing 128, 131–2
directional perturbation factor 83, 84 disability, WHO definition 287 discomfort, to the patient 55 discomfort sounds 21
distress 288
dopamine precursors/agonists 166 drug therapy, adverse 62
drugs
as laryngeal irritants 116, 122
see also individual drugs and drug types
dust, as laryngeal irritant 35, 116 dysarthria
background 156–7 classification 156
developments in diagnosis and treatment 157–8
treatment options 165–70
see also neurological voice disorders dysarthric dysphonia 63 dysarthrophonias 156 dysarthrophonic syndrome 48
dysphagia 273 dysphonia
childhood 67 classification 63 conversion dysphonia 66
functional, see functional dysphonia habitual 139–40
hyperfunctional 71 hysterical 48
intermittent 71, 143–4, 153–4
with no apparent pathology (normal on exam) 50, 51, 52
physiological studies in management of 15–17
psychogenic, see psychogenic dysphonia
psychosocial consequences 72–3 significance of 55
spasmodic, see spasmodic dysphonia spastic, see spasmodic dysphonia studies 143–4
whispering dysphonia 144 see also voice disorders
dysplastic dysphonia 63 Dysport, see botulinum toxin dystonia 160
mechanism 195 prevalence 161
Dystonia Society, UK 211, 215
Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) departments 32
education, deaf children 221 elastin 12–13 electroglottograph 154, 330–1
see also laryngography electrolaryngograph 330–1 electrolaryngography (ELG) 281
see also laryngography electromyography (EMG) laryngeal (LEMG) 179
in spasmodic dysphonia 196–7 electronic keyboards 238 emotions, and physiology 17 endocrine disorders 39–40, 61, 62 endocrine dysphonia 63 endoscopes 328–9
rhinolaryngeal video endoscopes 328
Index |
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endoscopy laryngeal 178 rigid 75
see also nasendoscopy endotracheal intubation 39, 41 environmental factors, professional
voice users 286, 293–4, 296–7 epidermoid cysts, phonosurgery 309–11
indications 310
the operation 310–11 postoperative follow-up and results
311
epiglottis, during puberty 24 epiglottopexy 38
equipment, in multidisciplinary voice clinics 327–32
essential tremor causes 159
neuropharmacological treatment 167 prevalence 161
signs 162
voice characteristics, perceptual findings 164
exercises
professional voice users 298–9 vocal function 134
expiration, prephonatory phase 7 extrapyramidal disease 66
facial buzz 92, 100, 102 facial language 265 falsetto 8, 234, 236–7
auditory factors 236 deaf speakers 231, 236 mutational 66, 235 singers 236–7
see also loft register
feeding difficulties, in neonates 36 feeling, and physiology 17 fibreoptic laryngoscopy 32, 75 fibreoptic nasendoscopy 75, 328 fibreoptic nasolaryngoscopy 199 fibreoptic nasopharyngoscopes 329 fibroblasts 12
fight and flight response 146, 147 flaccid voice disorders 158
flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy 32, 75 flexible fibreoptic nasendoscopy 75
frequency, see fundamental frequency; speaking fundamental frequency
frequency control 7–8
frequency perturbation (jitter) 82, 83, 278
frequency perturbation quotient 84 Friedreich’s ataxia
prevalence 160 symptoms 161
voice characteristics, perceptual findings 163
‘front of mouth’ voice 100 ‘functional’
functional-organic dichotomy 58–61, 139, 142
meaning 59, 137–8, 139 vs. ‘psychogenic’ 141
functional aphonia, studies 143–4 functional dysphonia 48
distribution by age and gender 52 prevalence 51
functional voice disorders 137, 140, 142 in deaf speakers 231, 232
physical vs. psychological factors 140 fundamental frequency 255
adolescents, female 242–3 ageing and 234, 243 children 224, 241–2
deaf speakers 224
gender differences 80, 234, 243–4, 255
harsh voices 57 in puberty 24, 234
after radiotherapy 278–9, 281–2 in voice measurement 80 women 234, 242–3
see also speaking fundamental frequency
funding, multidisciplinary voice clinics 323
fungal infection 62
gastro-oesophageal reflux 67 GAX collagen 314
gelfoam 45, 187 gender differences
adults 26–7
behavioural differences 265