
- •Credits
- •Foreword
- •About the Authors
- •About the Reviewers
- •www.PacktPub.com
- •Table of Contents
- •Preface
- •Introducing SFML
- •Downloading and installation
- •A minimal example
- •A few notes on C++
- •Developing the first game
- •The Game class
- •Game loops and frames
- •Input over several frames
- •Vector algebra
- •Frame-independent movement
- •Fixed time steps
- •Other techniques related to frame rates
- •Displaying sprites on the screen
- •File paths and working directories
- •Real-time rendering
- •Adapting the code
- •Summary
- •Defining resources
- •Resources in SFML
- •Textures
- •Images
- •Fonts
- •Shaders
- •Sound buffers
- •Music
- •A typical use case
- •Graphics
- •Audio
- •Acquiring, releasing, and accessing resources
- •An automated approach
- •Finding an appropriate container
- •Loading from files
- •Accessing the textures
- •Error handling
- •Boolean return values
- •Throwing exceptions
- •Assertions
- •Generalizing the approach
- •Compatibility with sf::Music
- •A special case – sf::Shader
- •Summary
- •Entities
- •Aircraft
- •Alternative entity designs
- •Rendering the scene
- •Relative coordinates
- •SFML and transforms
- •Scene graphs
- •Scene nodes
- •Node insertion and removal
- •Making scene nodes drawable
- •Drawing entities
- •Connecting entities with resources
- •Aligning the origin
- •Scene layers
- •Updating the scene
- •One step back – absolute transforms
- •The view
- •Viewport
- •View optimizations
- •Resolution and aspect ratio
- •View scrolling
- •Zoom and rotation
- •Landscape rendering
- •SpriteNode
- •Landscape texture
- •Texture repeating
- •Composing our world
- •World initialization
- •Loading the textures
- •Building the scene
- •Update and draw
- •Integrating the Game class
- •Summary
- •Polling events
- •Window events
- •Joystick events
- •Keyboard events
- •Mouse events
- •Getting the input state in real time
- •Events and real-time input – when to use which
- •Delta movement from the mouse
- •Playing nice with your application neighborhood
- •A command-based communication system
- •Introducing commands
- •Receiver categories
- •Command execution
- •Command queues
- •Handling player input
- •Commands in a nutshell
- •Implementing the game logic
- •A general-purpose communication mechanism
- •Customizing key bindings
- •Why a player is not an entity
- •Summary
- •Defining a state
- •The state stack
- •Adding states to StateStack
- •Handling updates, input, and drawing
- •Input
- •Update
- •Draw
- •Delayed pop/push operations
- •The state context
- •Integrating the stack in the Application class
- •Navigating between states
- •Creating the game state
- •The title screen
- •Main menu
- •Pausing the game
- •The loading screen – sample
- •Progress bar
- •ParallelTask
- •Thread
- •Concurrency
- •Task implementation
- •Summary
- •The GUI hierarchy, the Java way
- •Updating the menu
- •The promised key bindings
- •Summary
- •Equipping the entities
- •Introducing hitpoints
- •Storing entity attributes in data tables
- •Displaying text
- •Creating enemies
- •Movement patterns
- •Spawning enemies
- •Adding projectiles
- •Firing bullets and missiles
- •Homing missiles
- •Picking up some goodies
- •Collision detection and response
- •Finding the collision pairs
- •Reacting to collisions
- •An outlook on optimizations
- •An interacting world
- •Cleaning everything up
- •Out of view, out of the world
- •The final update
- •Victory and defeat
- •Summary
- •Defining texture atlases
- •Adapting the game code
- •Low-level rendering
- •OpenGL and graphics cards
- •Understanding render targets
- •Texture mapping
- •Vertex arrays
- •Particle systems
- •Particles and particle types
- •Particle nodes
- •Emitter nodes
- •Affectors
- •Embedding particles in the world
- •Animated sprites
- •The Eagle has rolled!
- •Post effects and shaders
- •Fullscreen post effects
- •Shaders
- •The bloom effect
- •Summary
- •Music themes
- •Loading and playing
- •Use case – In-game themes
- •Sound effects
- •Loading, inserting, and playing
- •Removing sounds
- •Use case – GUI sounds
- •Sounds in 3D space
- •The listener
- •Attenuation factor and minimum distance
- •Positioning the listener
- •Playing spatial sounds
- •Use case – In-game sound effects
- •Summary
- •Playing multiplayer games
- •Interacting with sockets
- •Socket selectors
- •Custom protocols
- •Data transport
- •Network architectures
- •Peer-to-peer
- •Client-server architecture
- •Authoritative servers
- •Creating the structure for multiplayer
- •Working with the Server
- •Server thread
- •Server loop
- •Peers and aircraft
- •Hot Seat
- •Accepting new clients
- •Handling disconnections
- •Incoming packets
- •Studying our protocol
- •Understanding the ticks and updates
- •Synchronization issues
- •Taking a peek in the other end – the client
- •Client packets
- •Transmitting game actions via network nodes
- •The new pause state
- •Settings
- •The new Player class
- •Latency
- •Latency versus bandwidth
- •View scrolling compensation
- •Aircraft interpolation
- •Cheating prevention
- •Summary
- •Index

Warfare Unleashed – Implementing Gameplay
mActiveEnemies.clear();
}
That's it, now we are able to fire and forget!
The result looks as follows:
Picking up some goodies
Now we have implemented enemies and projectiles. But even if the player shot enemy airplanes down, and had exciting battles, he wouldn't remark that his success changes anything. You want to give the player the feeling that he is progressing in the game. Usual for this game genre are power-ups that the enemies drop when they are killed. So let's go ahead and implement that in our game.
Now this is the same story as with the projectile. Most of the things we need have already been implemented; therefore, this will be quite easy to add. What we want is only an entity that, when the player touches it, applies an effect to the player and disappears. Not much work with our current framework.
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Chapter 7
class Pickup : public Entity
{
public:
enum Type
{
HealthRefill,
MissileRefill,
FireSpread,
FireRate,
TypeCount
}; |
|
public: |
|
|
Pickup(Type type, |
|
const TextureHolder& textures); |
virtual unsigned int |
getCategory() const; |
virtual sf::FloatRect |
getBoundingRect() const; |
void |
apply(Aircraft& player) const; |
protected: |
|
virtual void |
drawCurrent(sf::RenderTarget& target, |
|
sf::RenderStates states) const; |
private: |
|
Type |
mType; |
sf::Sprite |
mSprite; |
};
So, let's start looking at a few interesting parts. As usual, we have a data table, create a sprite and center it, so the constructor looks just as you would expect it. Let's investigate the apply() function, and how the data table is created. In
apply(), a function object stored in the table is invoked with player as argument. The initializePickupData() function initializes the function objects, using std::bind() that redirects to the Aircraft member functions.
void Pickup::apply(Aircraft& player) const
{
Table[mType].action(player);
}
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Warfare Unleashed – Implementing Gameplay
std::vector<PickupData> initializePickupData()
{
std::vector<PickupData> data(Pickup::TypeCount);
data[Pickup::HealthRefill].texture = Textures::HealthRefill; data[Pickup::HealthRefill].action
= std::bind(&Aircraft::repair, _1, 25);
data[Pickup::MissileRefill].texture = Textures::MissileRefill; data[Pickup::MissileRefill].action
= std::bind(&Aircraft::collectMissiles, _1, 3);
data[Pickup::FireSpread].texture = Textures::FireSpread; data[Pickup::FireSpread].action
= std::bind(&Aircraft::increaseSpread, _1);
data[Pickup::FireRate].texture = Textures::FireRate; data[Pickup::FireRate].action
= std::bind(&Aircraft::increaseFireRate, _1);
return data;
}
The pickups call already defined functions on the player aircraft that let us modify its state. These functions may repair it, refill it with missiles, or improve its firepower.
It's nice when things just work out of the box.
That's how the scene looks when two pickups (health and fire rate) are floating in the air. You may notice that the player's Eagle plane shoots two bullets at once, which is the result of a previously collected fire spread pickup.
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