- •А. Л. Казыро, а. А. Фокина, е. Л. Яндакова
- •Раздел I Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению
- •1.1 Значение пособия для подготовки студентов-филологов
- •1.2 Цели и задачи курса
- •1.3 Методические рекомендации по работе со сборником
- •Раздел II тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов What is linguistics?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language as a system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Explain the meanings of the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language structure and language function
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box (using them in the appropriate form).
- •5. Retell the text. Language families
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •5. Retell the text. The languages of Russia
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Retell the text. The Maris and their language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Finish the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text. The Finns and the Karelians and their languages
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find pairs of words from these two lists:
- •5. Retell the text. The world language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the statements about the world language with the words in the box.
- •5. Retell the text. British English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work with a partner. Think of as many differences between British English and American English as possible.
- •5. Retell the text. What is American English?
- •Australian English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •4. Replace the words in italics by the words from the standard English.
- •5. Retell the text. The language competition
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Look at the suffixes of these words. Are they adjectives (a) or nouns (n)?
- •5. Retell the text.
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text ‘Killer languages’ strengthen their grip. Are these statements true or false?
- •5. Retell the text. Fields and aspects of linguistics
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match a word in a to a synonym in b.
- •5. Retell the text. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics. Phonemes
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Write the nouns connected to Phonetics.
- •5. Retell the text. The object of lexicology. Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column to form meaningful phrases.
- •5. Retell the text. English Vocabulary. New words and old
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •5. Retell the text. Words and their ways in English speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. What are proverbs?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. An introduction to theoretical grammar
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •5. Retell the text. Parts of speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Choose the right answer.
- •5. Retell the text. On the English case system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the sentence using the missing prepositions where it is necessary.
- •5. Retell the text. Syntax
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases.
- •Problems of stylistic research
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work in small groups. Read the text and add any information to the chart you can.
- •5. Retell the text. Stylistics of language and speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find synonyms of these words.
- •5. Retell the text. Список использованной литературы
- •Содержание
- •Раздел I. Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению 3
- •Раздел II. Тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов5
1. Study the vocabulary:
aesthetic – эстетический
archaic – архаичный
barbarism – варваризм (чужеродное слово)
belle-lettre = fiction – беллетристика
decoding stylistics – расшифровывающая стилистика
derision – высмеивание
due to – благодаря чему-либо
essay – эссе (описание)
etiquette – этикет
headline – заголовок статьи
homogenous – гомогенный (однородный)
idiolect – идиолект
imaginative – одаренный богатым воображением
immanent – постоянный
in point of fact – в действительности
informal intercourse – неформальное общение
inseparable – неразрывный
interaction – взаимодействие
interrelation – взаимоотношение
level-biased approach – подход с уклоном на уровни (языка)
linguistic unit – языковая единица
low colloquial – сниженный разговорный
microlanguage – микроязык
multi-dimensional – многоаспектный
oratory – ораторское искусство
pertinent – уместный
scholar – ученый
scientific – научный
scope – объем
speech – говорение
stylistics – стилистика
subject matter – предмет изучения
sublanguage – подъязык
taboo – табуированное (запретное) слово
to object to something – возражать чему-либо
versatile – разносторонний
vulgarism – вульгаризм (просторечное (нелитературное) слово)
2. Answer the questions.
Did the term stylistics appear long ago?
Is the level-biased approach good enough?
What does stylistics deal with?
How does professor Galperin define a style?
How many classes of styles do E. Riesel and others single out?
What styles does I.R. Galperin suggest?
What are the 8 issues of the stylistics?
Does the aesthetic function exist in technical instructions?
What happens when we change the wording?
According to you what style do you speak most often?
Can you give examples of slang, barbarism, vulgarism?
3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
Термин «стилистика» появился недавно.
Взаимодействие звуков, слов, и предложений является важным для стилистики.
Стиль может быть беллетристикой, научным, нейтральным, просторечным (разговорным), архаичным.
Индивидуальный текст отличается стилем от всех других текстов.
Многие лингвисты выделяют от трех до пяти функциональных стилей.
Публицистический стиль употребляется в ораторском искусстве, в говорении, в эссе и статьях.
Профессор Скребнев считает, что количество стилей бесконечно.
Эмоциональная окраска слов и предложение создает определенный стилистический эффект.
Стиль – это совокупность приёмов использования языковых средств.
Слог как индивидуальный стиль речи состоит из отбора общеязыковых и общестилевых средств.
4. Work in small groups. Read the text and add any information to the chart you can.
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Galperin |
Skrebnev |
Arnold |
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Style definition |
a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication |
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How many styles are there? |
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What styles does this scholar distinguish? |
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5. Retell the text. Stylistics of language and speech
One of the fundamental concepts of linguistics is the dichotomy of language and speech (langue – parole) introduced by F.de Saussure. According to it language is a system of elementary and complex signs: phonemes, morphemes, words, word combinations, utterances and combinations of utterances. Language as such a system exists in human minds only and linguistic forms or units can be systematised into paradigms.
So language is a mentally organised system of linguistic units. An individual speaker never uses it. When we use these units we mix them in acts of speech. As distinct from language speech is not a purely mental phenomenon, not a system but a process of combining these linguistic elements into linear linguistic units that are called syntagmatic.
The result of this process is the linear or syntagmatic combination of vowels and consonants into words, words into word-combinations sentences and combination: of sentences into texts. The word «syntagmatic» is a purely linguistic term meaning a coherent sequence of words (written, uttered or just remembered).
Stylistics is a branch of linguistics that deals with texts, not with the system of signs or process of speech production as such. But within these texts elements stylistically relevant are studied both syntagmatically and paradigmatically (loosely classifying all stylistic all stylistic means paradigmatically into tropes and syntagmatically into figures of speech).
Eventually this brings us to the notions of stylistics of language and stylistics of speech. Their difference lies in the material studied.
The stylistics of language analyses permanent or inherent stylistic properties of language elements while the stylistics of speech studies stylistic properties, which appear in a context, and they are called adherent.
Russian words like толмач, штудировать, соизволять or English words prevaricate, comprehend, lass are bookish or archaic and these are their inherent properties. The unexpected use of any of these words in a modern context will be an adherent stylistic property.
So stylistics of language describes and classifies the inherent stylistic colouring of language units. Stylistics of speech studies the composition of the utterance – the arrangement, selection and distribution of different words, and their adherent qualities.