- •Latin and Fundamentals of Medical Terminology
- •Гродно 2005
- •Учебное пособие предназначено для иностранных студентов лечебного, педиатрического и медико-психологического факультетов медицинских вузов, изучающих дисциплину «Латинский язык и основы медицинской терминологии» на английском языке.
- •I. ROMAN ALPHABET
- •Letter
- •II. Pronunciation of vowels and diphthongs
- •III. Pronunciation of consonants and digraphs
- •IV. Pronunciation of letter combinations
- •V. EXERCIsES
- •I. Division of words into syllables
- •II. The main rules for the position of an accent in Latin.
- •Rules
- •English
- •Nominative
- •Latin
- •Learn components of medicinal plants
- •Learn names of medicinal plants
- •Learn drug names:
- •before meals
- •as needed
- •every 3 hours
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Learn names of medicinal plants:
- •Other words:
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Learn names of medicinal plants:
- •Other words:
- •Learn names of acids:
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Other words:
- •Learn names of drugs:
- •Learn names of medicinal plants:
- •Other words:
- •III. Graphically signed stress
- •IV. ACCENT IN WORDS OF GREEK ORIGIN
- •V. Exercises
- •I. ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
- •II. STRUCTURE OF ANATOMICAL TERMS
- •III. GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES OF A NOUN
- •GENDER
- •NUMBER
- •CASE
- •IV. DICTIONARY FORM OF A NOUN
- •V. DECLENSION
- •First declension
- •Third declension
- •Fourth declension
- •Fifth declension
- •VI. STEM OF NOUNS
- •VII. Exercises
- •VIII. VOCABULARY
- •I. INTRODUCTION
- •IV. The 2nd group adjectives of one form for all genders
- •VI. Exercises
- •VII. VOCABULARY
- •I. INTRODUCTION: DEGREES OF COMPARISON
- •II. The comparative degree
- •III. The superlative degree
- •VI. Exercises
- •VII. VOCABULARY
- •I. PARTICULARITIES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION
- •II. STEM OF LATIN THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •III. ENDINGS OF LATIN THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •IV. Exceptions to the rule of the masculine third declension nouns ENDINGS
- •V. LATIN MUSCLE NAMES
- •VI. Exercises
- •VII. VOCABULARY
- •I. ENDINGS OF FEMININE THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •II. Exceptions to the rule of the FEMININE third declension nouns ENDINGS
- •III. Exercises
- •I. ENDINGS OF NEUTER THIRD DECLENSION NOUNS
- •II. Exceptions to the rule of the NEUTER third declension nouns ENDINGS
- •III. Exercises
- •I. Nouns and adjectives endings in Nominative plural
- •IV. Exercises
- •V. VOCABULARY
- •I. Nouns and adjectives endings in GENITIVE plural
- •II. Particularities of the Genitive plural formation in the 3rd declension.
- •IV. VOCABULARY
- •I. ROLE OF PREFIXION IN THE FORMATION OF ANATOMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TERMS
- •II. LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES USED IN THE ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
- •IV. VOCABULARY
- •II. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •LESSON 5
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •I. Roots and suffixes used in the Greek and Latin medical terms
- •ROOTS
- •Tetracyclīnum, i n
- •Writing good prescriptions
- •VI. Greek & Latin-English Clinical Dictionary
- •V. Latin-English Pharmaceutical Dictionary
- •VI. English-Latin Pharmaceutical Dictionary
- •VIII. Sample of the Examination Card
- •Latin and Fundamentals of Medical Terminology
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abbreviated terms have the potential to cause medication errors because they look so similar in handwriting, so their use is on the decline.
E.g.:
• |
ante cibum |
ac |
before meals |
• |
pro re nata |
prn |
as needed |
• |
quaque 3 |
q 3 h |
every 3 hours |
|
hora |
|
|
• |
ter in die |
tid |
3 times a day |
|
|
|
|
II.REQUIREMENTS TO THE LATIN PART OF A PRESCRIPTION
The Latin part of a prescription begins with the word “Recipe” and ends with “Signa”. You will have to learn the general requirements to the Latin part of a prescriptions as follows (abbreviations in prescriptions are impermissible):
1.The Latin part of a prescription begins with “Recipe”, this is a form of address of a physician to a pharmacist:
Recipe: Take:
•Every prescription line, as well as all drug names begin with the capital letter
•Every drug name is written in a separate prescription line. In doing so a blank space is left after “Recipe” (the pharmacist indicates a price of a drug here). If there is not enough space for a drug name in one line it is carried over to the next line with the left indent:
Recipe: Phenylĭi salicylātis 3,0 Spirĭtus aethylĭci quantum satis
ad solutiōnem
Vaselīni ad 30,0 Misce, fiat unguentum
Da. Signa: Apply to the skin of the face
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2.The drug names after “Recipe” are in Genitive
3.After the drug name its quantity is indicated. The doses of drugs are indicated in the decimal numeration system:
•Gram amounts - the abbreviation «gr» is not indicated, the quantity is indicated with decimal points – 10.0 (10 gr.); 0.25 (0,25 gr) etc.
•Milliliter amounts - 10 ml, 0.2 ml;
•Units of activity - ЕD: 100000 ЕD (100000 units of activity).
E.g: Recipe: Kalĭi chlorīdi 3,0
Insulīni 25 ЕD
Solutiōnis Glucōsi 10% - 1000 ml
Misceātur. Sterilisētur!
Detur. Signētur: For intravenous infusions.
•Drops amounts (are used seldom) – the number of drops is indicated with Roman figures – singular guttam (one drop - guttam I), plural guttas (five drops - guttas V);
•Sometimes a physician does not indicate the dosage but affords to a pharmacist an opportunity to determine the quantity of a drug on his own; in that case quantum satis is written in the prescription.
If several drugs are prescribed in the same amount, so the dose is indicated only after the latter one and the abbreviation ana (of each) is written:
E.g: Recipe: Cupri citrātis
Lanolīni |
|
Vaselīni |
ana 5,0 |
Take: Coper citrate |
|
Lanoline |
|
Vaseline |
of each 5,0 |