32

Fifth declension

The fifth declension includes nouns of feminine which end in –es in Nominative singular and in -ei in Genitive singular.

E.g.: facĭes, ēi f – surface, face (this is the only noun of the fifth declension you meet in the exercises).

Remember the endings of Nominative and Genitive singular of all declensions:

VI. STEM OF NOUNS

To make a Genitive form from the Nominative form you should determine the stem of the noun. To determine the stem you should detach the ending from the noun:

E.g.:

33

VII. EXERCISES

1. Make up the dictionary form of nouns:

arcus (arch), bulbus (bulb; any rounded mass), concha (concha), incisūra (slit or notch), sulcus (furrow or groove), cornu (horn), nasus (nose), amnion (amnion), tubercŭlum (tubercle; small rounded swelling), scapŭla (shoulder blade), adĭtus

(enter), septum (dividing wall), ganglion (nerve node), collum (neck), porus

(opening, pore), fossa (shallow depression or cavity), encephălon (brain), colon (part of large intestine), olecrănon (elbow appendix), muscŭlus (muscle), ramus

(branch), genu (knee), nodus (node), pleura (membrane lining chest and covering lungs), lingua (tongue; language), sinus (cavity, sinus), orgănon (organ).

2. Determine the declension of the nouns:

facies, ēi f (surface); pars, partis f (part); ala, ae f (wing); magister, tri m (teacher); nervus, i m (nerve); ramus, i m (branch); sphincter, ēris m (sphincter); colon, i n (part of large intestine); plexus, us m (network, chiefly of veins or nerves); forāmen, ĭnis n (opening); ligamentum, i n (ligament); dens, dentis m (tooth); tuber, ěris n (thickend portion of underground stem; rounded swelling); tempus, ŏris n (temple, time); genu, us n (knee); articulatio, ōnis f (joint); cartilāgo, ĭnis f (cartilage); meniscus, i m (meniscus); diaphragma, ătis n (septum between thorax and abdomen, diaphragm); canālis, is m (canal); cervix, īcis f (neck).

3. Pay attention to the word order:

spina scapŭlae (spine of shoulder bone); raphe palāti (suture of palate); skelěton membri (skeleton of a limb); ossa cranii (bones of skull); fossa glandŭlae (cavity of gland); vena portae (portal vein); septum nasi (dividing wall of nose); crista tubercŭli (crest of tubercle); processus radii (appendix of radial bone); caput

34

fibŭlae (head of fibular bone); corpus tibiae (body of shin bone); facies acromii

(surface of acromion); linea nuchae (line of neck nape); sulcus sinus (furrow of sinus); basis cranii (base of skull); angŭlus mandibŭlae (angle of lower jaw).

4. Determine the gender of the nouns:

septum (dividing wall); substantia (substance, material); encephălon (brain); ocŭlus, i (eye); nasus, i (nose); scapŭla (shoulder blade); arcus, us (arch); acromion (acromion); lingua (tongue, language); mandibŭla (lower jaw); processus, us (appendix); cranium (skull); dorsum (back); incisūra (slit or notch); clavicŭla (collar-bone); skelĕton (skeleton); cornu (horn); meātus, us (passage); palātum (palate); huměrus, i (humeral bone); lympha (lymph); cerebrum (brain); concha (concha); maxilla (upper jaw); ductus, us (duct); olecrănon (elbow appendix); tubercŭlum (tubercle); lamĭna (plate); ramus, i

(branch); ganglion (nerve node); vertebra (vertebra; each segment of vertebral column); sinus, us (sinus).

5. Pay attention to the word order:

collum costae (scapŭlae) (neck of rib (shoulder blade)); corpus fibŭlae (huměri, maxillae, tibiae) (head of fibular bone (humeral bone, upper jaw, shin bone)); incisūra mandibŭlae (scapŭlae) (notch of lower jaw (shoulder blade)); radix dentis (linguae) (root of tooth (tongue)); angŭlus costae (mandibŭlae) (angle of rib (lower jaw)).

6. Translate terms into Latin:

muscle of neck; capsule of nerve node; back of saddle; tuber of upper jaw; body of vertebra, head of rib; arch of aorta; notch of lower jaw; base of skull; cavity of nose; passage of nose; neck of shoulder blade; sheath of process; aperture of cohlear canaliculus; crest of the costal head; canaliculus (small canal) of chorda tympani; ligament of the costal tubercle; plate of arch (of vertebra); wing of

35

cock’s crest; aperture of aqueduct of vestibule; vestibule of nose; dividing wall of nose; base of cochlea; small pit of process; small foot of arch of vertebra; surface of the costal tubercle.