Вариант № 4

1. Письменно переведите предложения. Определите видо-временную форму и залог сказуемого. В разделе б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

1. 1. The Prime Minister has the exclusive right to pardon convict.

2. In modern times most rules of law have reflected general custom.

3. The jury will receive all the instructions from the judge.

б) 1. A suspected person was arrested 2 days ago.

2. Government-made laws are often patterned upon informal rules of conduct.

3. Roman law will be taught by the first year students at our Law Academy.

2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II, укажите какую функцию в предложении они выполняют:

а) определение;

б) обстоятельство;

в) часть сложного сказуемого.

1. Judges are legally educated and specially trained lawyers.

2. Participating in the proceeding the judge put many questions to the victim.

3. The trial is conducted in the national language of the accused person.

4. While passing sentences for crimes committed the court not only punishes the criminals but also reeducates them.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1. A judge has to be legally educated.

2. The witness is to swear an oath and describe what he saw.

3. Participating in the trial a barrister may be counsel for the plaintiff (counsel for the prosecution) or counsel for the defendant (counsel for the defense).

4. Magistrates can be chosen from well-respected people in the local community.

4. Письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на усилительные конструкции.

1. It is the Police that must keep public order and protect citizens.

2. It is the Constitution that is the main law of the life of a state.

3. It is Professor Petrov who delivers lectures on Civil Law.

5. Прочитайте весь текст и письменно переведите 1, 4, 5 абзацы. Из 2 и 3 абзацев выпишите и переведите предложения с Participle I и II.

Judges

1. The judge is the presiding officer of the court. The statutory basis for the appointment of judges dates from the Act of Settlement 1700. Judges are not themselves a separate profession: they are barristers who have been elevated to the bench, itself a name derived from the part of the Court where they sit.

2. The judge decides the interpretation of the law. After all the evidence has been given the judge summarizes the case, both law and facts, for the jury. This is called his summing up.

3. Judges cannot be removed from office on account of political considerations – the independence of the judiciary is, at least theoretically, guaranteed.

4. The professional judges, «High Court Judges», deal with the most serious crimes. They are paid salaries by the state. Alongside with professional judges there are unpaid judges. They are called «Magistrates» or «Justices of the Peace» (JPs). They are ordinary citizens who are selected not because they have any legal training but because they have «sound common sense» and understanding of their fellow human beings. They give up their time voluntarily.

5. Magistrates are selected by special committees in every town and district. Nobody, not even the Magistrates themselves, knows who is on the special committee in their area. The committee tries to draw Magistrates from different professions and social classes.The work of the Magistrates’ Courts throughout the country depends on the unpaid services of JPs.

Примечания к тексту:

Act of Settlement – Акт о престолонаследии (облек Ганноверскую династию правом престолонаследия, закрепив английский престол за протестантами)

...be elevated to the bench – возвысить до положения судьи (букв, скамья, используется в собирательном смысле по отношению к судьям или магистратам в суде)

Magistrate, Justice of the Peace (JP) – судья, мировой судья

«Sound common sense» – (зд.) чувство здравого смысла

Magistrates’ Court – суд магистратов, мировой суд (рассматривает дела о мелких преступлениях)