Вариант № 3

1. Письменно переведите предложения. Определите видо-временную форму и залог сказуемого. В разделе б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

1. 1. The judge will be passing the sentence at that time tomorrow.

2. In the seventh century B.C. the Greeks began to put their laws into writing.

2. 3. By the eleventh century many European countries had began to use Roman law in their court.

б) 1. The witness will be presented at the trial.

2. In Britain special attention is paid to the way the courtrooms are furnished.

3. The lawmakers were influenced by the model of the canon law of the Roman Catholic Church.

2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните Participle I, Participle II, укажите какую функцию в предложении они выполняют:

а) определение;

б) обстоятельство;

в) часть сложного сказуемого.

1. The court has already tried this case.

2. The prosecution is establishing guilt of the accused.

3. Returning a verdict a jury must be careful.

4. Informal rules have very little to do with laws created by governments.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1. The judge is to maintain order in the courtroom.

2. A barrister must have special legal qualification.

3. According to British laws a person cannot be tried twice or more at the same charge.

4. Sometimes juries may be found in civil cases.

4. Письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на усилительные конструкции.

1. It is our University that trains highly qualified specialists of law.

2. It was the victim who helped us in the investigation of this crime.

3. It is this outstanding scientist who delivers lectures at our University.

5. Прочитайте весь текст и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 абзацы. Из 5 абзаца выпишите и переведите предложения с Participle I и II.

The Legal Profession

1. The court system is dependent upon the legal profession to make it work. Although individuals can institute cases and defend them normally lawyers do this job for them. The legal profession is the normal source of judicial personnel for any court system.

2. England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. The two kinds of lawyers are solicitors and barristers. This division of the 1egal profession is due mainly to historical causes. Each branch has its own characteristic functions and a separate governing body.

3. The division has a number of significant impacts upon the judicial system. It is the main reason for the separation between civil and criminal courts. It also has a significant impact upon judicial appointments.

4. The traditional picture of the English lawyer is that the solicitor is the general practitioner, confined mainly to the office. The solicitor is the legal adviser of the public. Members of the public are able to call at a solicitor’s office and seek his advice in a personal interview. The barrister is the specialist adviser much of whose time is taken up with court-room appearance. A barrister can only be consulted indirectly through a solicitor. Today however the lines of demarcation are blurred.

5. There is approximately one solicitor to every 1300 of the population, with considerable regional and local variations. There is a heavy concentration in commercial centres. The ratio for barristers is about one per every 10,000. Taking the legal profession as a whole (38,500), there is one practicing lawyer per 1200 people. This compares with about one lawyer per 600 in the USA. But a lot of work in English solicitors’ offices is undertaken by managing clerks, now called «legal executives», who are a third type of lawyers. (Legal executives now have their own professional and examining body — «the Institute of Legal Executives»).

Примечания к тексту:

solicitor – солиситор, стряпчий (юрист, консультирующий клиентов, орга­низации и фирмы; подготавливает дела для барристеров)

barrister – барристер (адвокат, имеющий право выступать в высших судах)

«legal executives» – законные исполнители (персонал, нанимаемый солиси­торами, клерки)