1. to draft a contract

2. sole b liability

3. unlimited c opinion

4. to provide d partnership

5. to give e representation

6. to form f trader

7. to draw up g documents

   B) Fill in the blanks with the correct word-combinations.

   1. …....... is a person who runs a business by himself.

   2. …....... is legal responsibility for paying all debts using his/her personal property.

   3. If you need to …...... you must address your lawyer.

   4. The main function of a barrister is to …...... in the court.

Exercise 8

Match the two parts of the definitions.

1. Someone who works for his or herself is a provide representation.

2. If you speak on behalf of clients in court, you b lay clients.

3. Non-professional clients are known as c self-employed/ a sole trader.

4. Barristers working solely for a company are called d instructed.

5. The governing authorities of barrister are e in-house counsel.

6. When a solicitor gives a barrister

the details of a case, the barrister is f practise at the Bar.

7. When you work as a barrister you

g the Bar Council and the Inns of Court.

Exercise 9

Answer the questions to the text.

1. Who practises as legal advisers in the corporations in the U.K.?

2. Can solicitors appear in every court?

3. What kind of work do solicitors usually do?

4. Can barristers be employed directly by clients?

5. Who forms partnership?

6. Who acts as sole traders?

7. Why do barristers prefer to experts in particular areas?

Exercise 10

Which of these statements best expresses the main idea of the text? Give reasons for your answer:

1) Barristers can also take cases in the inferior courts.

2. The solicitor is more of a specialist than the barrister.

3. Barristers are not allowed to form partnerships.

4) In the English legal system there is a division of the legal profession into barristers and solicitors.

Section 2

Exercise 11

Determine the part of speech of the words and give their derivatives:

Practising, admitted, engaged, superior, inferior, interview, presentation, prosecuting, defending, accused, pleading, independence, involved, pretrial, share, specialise, litigation.

Text № 2. Barristers and Solicitors.

Pre-reading task:

Scan the text, find the information about the functions, rights and duties of barristers and solicitors.

In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professions; he must either have been admitted to practiсe as a solicitor or as a barrister.

The barrister is usually thought of primarily to be an advocate, since this is the work in which he is most often engaged. He has the exclusive right of audience as an advocate before all the superior courts and he can also take cases in the inferior courts if he wishes to do so.

The solicitor is known to be an advocate in the inferior courts but he is more familiar to the public in his role as a general legal adviser.

A significant difference between the two professions is that members of the public are able to call at a solicitor’s office and seek his advice in a personal interview; whereas a barrister can only be consulted indirectly through a solicitor.

Most barristers are professional advocates earning their living by the presentation of civil and criminal cases in court. A barrister is supposed be capable of prosecuting in a criminal case one day and defending an accused person the next; or of preparing the pleading for a plaintiff in a civil action one day and doing the same thing for a defendant the next. In this way the barrister attains a real degree of objectivity and of independence of mind. He is likely to become a specialist at advocacy, not a specialist prosecutor or a specialist defence counsel.

In practice there is a great deal of paper work involved in the pretrial stages of a case, but particularly so where a civil action is in question. Barristers are not allowed to form partnerships, but may share the same set of chambers and also share a clerk, so that there are very close links between them.

The name-plates of firms of solicitors are an everyday sight in cities and towns in England and Wales; and although a one-man practice is not rare, the trend is towards having several solicitors in partnership. This gives them the opportunity to specialize to some extent, so that when one partner may spend all his time on conveyancing, another will deal with litigation and so on.

Exercise 12

Match two columns to make word-combinations and translate them:

1. superior a. an office

2. to be admitted b. living

3. to call at c cases

4. personal d. to practice

5. to earn e. stage

6. to present f. interview

7. pretrial g. court

8. to defend h pleading

9. to prepare i an accused

Exercise 13