- •Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта
- •В в е д е н и е
- •Cодержание
- •Received Pronunciation (rp)
- •Основы фонетики
- •Фонема и аллофон
- •Органы речи и их функции.
- •Классификация гласных и согласных звуков английского языка. Гласные
- •Coгласные
- •Различия английского и русского произношения
- •Транскрипция
- •Транскрипционные знаки
- •Позиционная долгота гласных
- •[Eə] – дифтонг. Ядро дифтонга [e] – краткий нелабиализованный гласный переднего ряда среднего подъема широкой разновидности. Из положения [e] речевые органы движутся к положению для артикуляции [ə].
- •Ударение
- •Словесное ударение
- •Ударение в многосложных словах
- •Фразовое ударение
- •Слабые и сильные формы
- •Семантическая функция ударения
- •Семантическая функция ударения проявляется также в словосочетаниях:
- •Слогообразование. Чтение английских гласных
- •Сводная таблица правил чтения гласных в четырех типах слога
- •Чтение гласных диграфов в ударном слоге
- •Сводная таблица правил чтения гласных диграфов
- •Чтение диграфов перед буквой r
- •Интонация
- •Rhythm practice
- •Intonation practice
- •Intonation scales
- •Tag questions
- •Practical tasks – Задания для самостоятельной работы
- •[ɪ] - [I:]
- •[E] - [æ]
- •[Ʌ] - [æ]
- •1. Practice this conversation.
- •1. The past tense of these verbs contains the sound [ɔ:].
- •2. Say these sentences.
- •[Ɔ] - [ɔ:]
- •[Əu] and [ɔ:]
- •[U] - [u:]
- •In groups, each person should choose something from the list below to give a new cook. Think of a reason for your choice. Then make conversations like one above.
- •In pairs, say which of these things you can do.
- •[Eə] and [eɪ]
- •[S] - [z]
- •2. Practice this weather forecast.
- •3. Say these pairs of words with [z].
- •[S] - [ʃ]
- •[ʧ] - [ʤ] - [ʒ]
- •Say [ʤ] (be careful not to mix the letter “j” [ʤei] with the sound [j]).
- •6 January 4 July 14 July 1 January 21 June
- •[Θ] - [s]
- •Say [d] at the end of words
- •[B] - [V] - [w]
- •[K] - [g]
- •[Θ] - [ð], [f] - [V]
- •[Ð] - [V] - [w]
- •Clusters Say clusters beginning with [s]
- •Say clusters with [f ], [θ] and [ʃ]
- •In groups, one student reads out the instructions. The others do the exercises! Say longer clusters of consonants
- •Linking of words (intrusive sounds) (стык согласного с гласным)
- •Link [p, b, t, d, k, g] to a following vowel
- •Link vowels [u:, au] to a following vowel
- •Link [f, V, ʧ, ʤ , w, s, z, θ] to a following vowel
- •Link [r] to a following vowel
- •Appendix Tongue Twisters
- •Список рекомендуемой литературы
Семантическая функция ударения
Изменение места ударения в слове (сдвиг ударения) может изменить значение слова, связанное с переходом из одной части речи в другую:
Существительное Глагол
'conduct to con'duct
'contract to con'tract
'insult to in'sult
'object to ob'ject
'perfect to per'fect
'progress to pro'gress
В русском языке также в зависимости от места ударения слова отличаются по значению. Например:
мУка - мукА зАмок - замОк
Атлас – атлАс; плАчу - плачУ
В английском языке сдвиг ударения также изменяет значение слова. Например:
content ['kɔntənt] - содержание, оглавление
content [kən'tent] - довольство, удовлетворение (expression: to your heart’s content – всласть, сколько душе угодно.)
minute ['mɪnɪt] - минута
minute [maɪ'nju:t] - незначительный, мелкий
Ex. 3
Прочитайте предложения, соблюдая правильное ударение. Ударный слог выделен заглавными буквами. Переведите на русский язык:
CONFLICT
It was a CONflict between his wishes and his duties.
These dates conFLICT with my arrangements.
CONTRACT
He has signed a new CONtract with the firm.
Metals conTRACT as the temperature falls.
TRANSPORT
The TRANSport of heavy goods is expensive.
We can’t transPORT the whole of the furniture.
PROGRESS
You have made good PROgress in English.
The work will proGRESS gradually.
INCREASE
We expect an INcrease of work next week.
Their numbers continue to inCREASE.
PRESENT
We are all PREsent today to give him a PREsent.
We shall preSENT him with a watch.
RECORD
A sports REcord.
These instruments reCORD weather conditions.
PRODUCE
Farm PROduce can be bought at the market.
They proDUCE all kinds of glassware.
SUBJECT
He’s taking English as his main SUBject.
They’ll subJECT the book to careful criticism.
PERFECT
He speaks with a PERfect accent.
He’s in England to perFECT his accent.
PROTEST
They made a PROtest against the decision.
He will proTEST against it.
OBJECT
An ear-ring is not a useful OBject.
I obJECT to your last remark.
PERFUME
I like the PERfume you are using tonight.
The carnations perFUME the evening air.
INSULT
This act is an INsult to our people.
He didn’t mean to inSULT you.
COMBINE
It is part of a large business COMbine.
Hydrogen and oxygen comBINE to form water.
EXPLOIT
A naval EScort was in attendance.
May I esCORT you to your room?
PERMIT
You’ll need a PERmit to fish here.
Will you perMIT me to say a few words?
ADDICT
He is, I fear, a drug ADdict.
He is adDICTED to taking drugs.
SURVEY
Let us make a SURvey of the situation.
Let us surVEY the situation.
CONTENT(S)
Here’s a list of the CONtents.
You must conTENT yourself with that.