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Production by country

The United States has long been the largest producer and consumer of electricity, with a global share in 2005 of at least 25%, followed by China, Japan, Russia, and India. As of Jan-2010, total electricity generation for the 2 largest generators was as follows: USA: 3992 billion kWh (3992 TWh) and China: 3715 billion kWh (3715 TWh).

List of countries with source of electricity 2008

Data source of values (electric power generated) is IEA/OECD.

Listed countries are top 20 by population or top 20 by GDP (PPP) and Saudi Arabia based on CIA World Factbook 2009.

Composition of Electricity by Resource (TWh per year 2008)

Country

Fossil Fuel

Nuclear

rank

Renewable

Bio other*

total

rank

Coal

Oil

Gas

sub total

rank

Hydroe

Geo Thermal

Solar PV*

Solar Thermal

Wind

Tide

sub total

rank

World total

8,263

1,111

4,301

13,675

-

2,731

-

3,288

65

12

0.9

219

0.5

3,584

-

271

20,261

-

Proportion

41%

5.5%

21%

67%

-

13%

-

16%

0.3%

0.06%

0.004%

1.1%

0.003%

18%

-

1.3%

100%

-

 China

2,733

23

31

2,788

2

68

8

585

-

0.2

-

13

-

598

1

2.4

3,457

2

 India

569

34

82

685

5

15

6

114

-

0.02

-

14

-

128.02

6

2.0

830

5

 USA

2,133

58

911

3,101

1

838

1

282

17

1.6

0.88

56

-

357

4

73

4,369

1

 Indonesia

61

43

25

130

19

-

-

12

8.3

-

-

-

-

20

17

-

149

20

 Brazil

13

18

29

59

23

14

13

370

-

-

-

0.6

-

370

3

20

463

9

 Pakistan

0.1

32

30

62

22

1.6

16

28

-

-

-

-

-

28

14

-

92

24

 Bangladesh

0.6

1.7

31

33

27

-

-

1.5

-

-

-

-

-

1.5

29

-

35

27

 Nigeria

-

3.1

12

15

28

-

-

5.7

-

-

-

-

-

5.7

25

-

21

28

 Russia

197

16

495

708

4

163

4

167

0.5

-

-

0.01

-

167

5

2.5

1,040

4

 Japan

288

139

283

711

3

258

3

83

2.8

2.3

-

2.6

-

91

7

22

1,082

3

 Mexico

21

49

131

202

13

9.8

14

39

7.1

0.01

-

0.3

-

47

12

0.8

259

14

 Philippines

16

4.9

20

40

26

-

-

9.8

11

0.001

-

0.1

-

21

16

-

61

26

 Vietnam

15

1.6

30

47

25

-

-

26

-

-

-

-

-

26

15

-

73

25

 Ethiopia

-

0.5

-

0.5

29

-

-

3.3

0.01

-

-

-

-

3.3

28

-

3.8

30

 Egypt

-

26

90

115

20

-

-

15

-

-

-

0.9

-

16

20

-

131

22

 Germany

291

9.2

88

388

6

148

5

27

0.02

4.4

-

41

-

72

9

29

637

7

 Turkey

58

7.5

99

164

16

-

-

33

0.16

-

-

0.85

-

34

13

0.22

198

19

 DR Congo

-

0.02

0.03

0.05

30

-

-

7.5

-

-

-

-

-

7.5

22

-

7.5

29

 Iran

0.4

36

173

209

11

-

-

5.0

-

-

-

0.20

-

5.2

26

-

215

17

 Thailand

32

1.7

102

135

18

-

-

7.1

0.002

0.003

-

-

-

7.1

23

4.8

147

21

 France

27

5.8

22

55

24

439

2

68

-

0.04

-

5.7

0.51

75

8

5.9

575

8

 UK

127

6.1

177

310

7

52

10

9.3

-

0.02

-

7.1

-

16

18

11

389

11

 Italy

49

31

173

253

9

-

-

47

5.5

0.2

-

4.9

-

58

11

8.6

319

12

 South Korea

192

15

81

288

8

151

5

5.6

-

0.3

-

0.4

-

6.3

24

0.7

446

10

 Spain

50

18

122

190

14

59

9

26

-

2.6

0.02

32

-

61

10

4.3

314

13

 Canada

112

9.8

41

162

17

94

7

383

-

0.03

-

3.8

0.03

386

2

8.5

651

6

 Saudi Arabia

-

116

88

204

12

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

204

18

 Taiwan

125

14

46

186

15

41

11

7.8

-

0.004

-

0.6

-

8.4

21

3.5

238

16

 Australia

198

2.8

39

239

10

-

-

12

-

0.2

0.004

3.9

-

16

19

2.2

257

15

 Netherlands

27

2.1

63

92

21

4.2

15

0.1

-

0.04

-

4.3

-

4.4

27

6.8

108

23

Country

Coal

Oil

Gas

sub total

rank

Nuclear

rank

Hydro

Geo Thermal

Solar PV

Solar Thermal

Wind

Tide

sub total

rank

Bio other

Total

rank

Most scientists agree that emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from fossil fuel-based electricity generation account for a significant portion of world greenhouse gas emissions; in the United States, electricity generation accounts for nearly 40% of emissions, the largest of any source. Transportation emissions are close behind, contributing about one-third of U.S. production of carbon dioxide.

Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions by electricity source.

Technology

Description

50th percentile (g CO2/kWhe)

Hydroelectric

reservoir

4

Wind

onshore

12

Nuclear

various generation II reactor types

16

Biomass

various

18

Solar thermal

parabolic trough

22

Geothermal

hot dry rock

45

Solar PV

Polycrystaline silicon

46

Natural gas

various combined cycle turbines without scrubbing

469

Coal

various generator types without scrubbing

1001

In the United States, fossil fuel combustion for electric power generation is responsible for 65% of all emissions of sulfur dioxide, the main component of acid rain.[17] Electricity generation is the fourth highest combined source of NOx, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter in the US.[18]

In July 2011, the UK parliament tabled a motion that "levels of (carbon) emissions from nuclear power were approximately three times lower per kilowatt hour than those of solar, four times lower than clean coal and 36 times lower than conventional coal".[19]

Though Solar PV generation is positioned as environmentally friendly, fabrication of PV cells utilizes substantial amounts of water in addition to toxic chemicals such as phosphorus and arsenic. These are often overlooked when promoting PV. Because of strict environmental regulations in the United States, for example, PV fabrication is often performed in countries with lower standards, such as China, which produces approximately half the world's PV panels.

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