Index

Note: Tables are noted with a t.

A-flavus, endophthalmitis 35 A. fumigatus, endophthalmitis 35 A. hemolyticum, pharyngitis 40, 41 Abacavir (ABC) 526 Abacavir + lamivudine (Epzicom) 527 Abacavir + lamivudine +

zidovudine (trizivir) 528 ABC (abacavir) 526 ABCD 541 ABC/3TC (Epzicom) 527 ABC/3TC/ZDV (Trizivir) 528 Abdominal abnormalities (DDx)

abdominal wall nodules 486t abdominal wall sinus tract 485t abdominal wall tenderness 485t abdominal tenderness

(2° to pancreatitis) 485t ascites 487t hepatomegaly 487t hepatosplenomegaly 487t left upper abdominal quadrant

tenderness (splenic tenderness) 486t perubilical purpura

(thumbprint sign) 486t right lower quadrant tenderness 486t right upper quadrant mass 486t right upper quadrant

tenderness 486t right upper quadrant tympany 486t rose spots 485t splenomegaly 487t

Abdominal tenderness,

abdominal abnormalities (DDx), 485t Abdominal wall sinus tract,

abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 485t Abdominal wall tenderness,

abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 485t

Abelcet 539 ABLC 539 Abortion, septic 113

Abscess

brain 27 cold 492t gallbladder wall 93 intraabdominal 102 intrarenal 109 ischiorectal 151 liver 95 lung 67 necrotizing 136 pancreatic 95 pelvic 102 perirectal 151 prostatic 110 renal 109 skin 140, 141 tuboovarian 113

Absidia

cutaneous zygomycosis 290 pulmonary zygomycosis 269, 272

Acanthamoeba granulomatous amebic

encephalitis 261, 263 keratitis 32 meningitis 22 A-cillin 533

Acinetobacter baumanii, acute

bacterial meningitis 19 Acinetobacter baumanii, lwoffi,

calcoaceticus, haemolyticus 218t Acinetobacter sp. 200t Acquired resistance 2 Actinobacillus, endocarditis 72 Actinomyces, brain abscess 27, 28 Actinomyces israelii 236t

cutaneous actinomycosis 284, 286 pulmonary actinomycosis 268, 270 Actinomyces odontolyticus 236t Actinomyces sp. 201t

Actinomycosis cavitary infiltrates

(thick-walled) 463

unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 439 Acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE) 74 Acute bacterial meningitis

(ABM), empiric therapy 18, 387 Acute bacterial sinusitis 30 Acute exacerbation of chronic

bronchitis (AECB) 48 chronic medical prophylaxis 365t

Acute infections. (see specific clinical syndromes)

Acute non-bacterial meningitis 21 Acute otitis media 38, 393 Acute rheumatic fever (ARF),

chronic medical prophylaxis 365t Acyclovir 529 pediatric dose 414 Adefovir dipivoxil 530

Adenovirus

conjunctivitis 33 transplant infections 163 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 433 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 437 Adult immunizations 378 Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) 378t hemophilus influenzae 378t hepatitis A 378t hepatitis B 378t herpes zoster (HZV) 379t influenza 379t measles 380t

meningococcus (invasive

disease) 380t mumps 380t papilloma (human) virus 380t pertussis 380t pneumococcus (S. pneumoniae) 381t rubella 381t tetanus-diphtheria 381t varicella (VZV) chickenpox 382t

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bilateral infiltrates without effusion 453

Adverse side effects, explanation 523

Aerobic GNBs

acute pancreatitis 94 endocarditis 75 IV line infections 79 liver abscess 95 pacemaker infections 79 pancreatic abscess 95 surgical prophylaxis 356t

Aerobic isolates, clinical significance, pending

susceptibility testing 208t Aeromonas, travel prophylaxis 372t Aeromonas hydrophila 218 African tick bite fever 294 Agenerase 543 Agent-specific antibiotic resistance 2 Aggregatibacter (actinobacillus)

actinomycetem-comitans 218t AIDS. see HIV

Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 219t Alcoholics, pneumonia 66 Alinia 656 Alkaline phosphatase (AP),

elevations, liver test

abnormalities (DDx) 500t Allergic potential, explanation 523 Allogeneic BMT/lung transplants,

transplant prophylaxis

(BMT/SOT) 368t Alopecia, localized/generalized, head

abnormalities (DDx) 478t Alternaria alternata,

cutaneous alternaria 291 Alveolar cell carcinoma

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 455 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 435 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 429 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

with effusion 446 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 441 Alveolar echinococcosis 265 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 467 Amantadine 531

AmBisome 540 Amebiasis 276 travel prophylaxis 373t

(see also Entamoeba histolytica) Amebic cysts, cavitary infiltrates

(thick-walled) 467 American trypanosomiasis 255, 256

(see also Chagas‘ disease)

Amikacin 532 pearls & pitfalls 513 susceptibility profiles 198t pediatric dose 414 Amikin 532

Aminoglycosides

dosing 5 pearls & pitfalls 513 susceptibility profiles 198t Amoxicillin 533 pearls & pitfalls 508 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 415 Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 534 pearls & pitfalls 508 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 415

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

ES-600 535 Amoxicillin/clavulanic

acid XR 536 Amoxil 533 Amphotec 541 Amphotericin B 537 cholesteryl sulfate complex 541 colloidal dispersion 541

lipid-associated

formulations 525, 525t lipid complex 539 liposomal 540 pediatric dose 415 Ampicillin 541 pearls & pitfalls 508 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 415 Ampicillin/sulbactam 542 pearls & pitfalls 512

susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 415 Amprenavir (APV) 543

Amylase, elevation pleural fluid abnormalities (DDx) 504t

Anaerobes, brain

abscess 27 Anaerobic isolates, clinical

significance, pending

susceptibility testing 236 Anaerobic streptococci

complicated skin/skin structure

tissue infections 135 surgical prophylaxis 356t Anaplasma phagocytophilum 260 Anaplasmosis (HGA) 260 Ancef 557 Ancobon 615

Ancylostoma braziliense,

cutaneous larva migrans 288 Ancylostoma duodenale, hookworm 278 Anemia, acute, RBC abnormalities

(DDx) 497t Angiostrongyliasis 279 Angiostrongylus cantonensis 279 Angiotensin-converting enzyme

levels (ACE), rheumatic test abnormalities (DDx) 501t

Angular chelitis, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 482t Anidulafungin 545 Animal bites 145 pediatric 411 septic arthritis secondary to 123 travel precautions 372t

Aniscoria, neurological abnormalities

(DDx) 494t

Anterior cervical adenopathy, lymph node abnormalities (DDx) 488t

Anthrax

bioterrorist 173 post-exposure

prophylaxis 362t, 363t Antibiotic failure 14 Antibiotic failure (DDx)

apparent, causes of 14t

Antibiotic prescribing, pitfalls in 15 Antibiotic resistance 3t Antibiotic resistance, combination

therapy and 9t Antibiotic selection, factors in 2 antibiotic resistance 2 cost 4 with known isolate 207t safety profile 4 spectrum 2 tissue penetration 2

Antibiotic selection based on

resistance potential 207t Antibiotic spectrum, defined 2 Antibiotic susceptibility profiles

aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones carbapenems, others 198t

cephalosporins 191t penicillins, macrolides, tetracyclines,

others 186t Antibiotic therapy

bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic

therapy 9 bioavailability 11t cytochrome P450 isoenzymes 524t dosing 4 duration of therapy 11 empiric therapy 12 (see also Empiric therapy)

intravenous vs. oral switch therapy 10 mono vs. combination therapy 11 pearls & pitfalls 507 PK/PD considerations . . . . . . . . 10t resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3t, 9t selection (isolate known) 207t

Antifungal serum tests (DDx) . . . . . 500t Antimicrobial therapy.

see Antibiotic therapy Anti-nuclear antibody titers (ANA),

elevation, rheumatic test

abnormalities (DDx) 501t Antiretroviral therapy 312t Anti-smooth muscle

antibodies (ASM), elevation, rheumatic test

abnormalities (DDx) 501t

Aortic graft infection 83 Aphthous ulcers 44, 46 Appendicitis 102 Aptivus (tipranavir) 704 APV (amprenavir) 543 Arachnia propionica 237 Arava 634 Arboviral encephalitis 26, 390 Arcanobacterium, pharyngitis 40 Arcanobacterium

(Corynebacterium) haemolyticum 215t Argyll-Robertson pupils, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 479t Arm lesions

nodular, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t verrucous 490t Arthritis, Lyme 127, 128 Arthritis, septic 121 extremity abnormality (DDx) 490t pediatric 407 Arthroscopy, surgical prophylaxis 357t ART therapy, HIV infection, 313t Ascariasis 278, 280 Ascaris lumbricoides 278, 280

Ascites, abdominal abnormalities

(DDx) 487t Aspergilloma, pulmonary 266, 267 Aspergillosis, cutaneous 290, 292 Aspergillus 242t acute pneumonia 67 bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (BPA) 270 chronic medical prophylaxis 365t community-acquired pneumonia 55 cutaneous aspergillosis 290, 292 febrile neutropenia 158

HIV 323 organ transplants 167, 168 pneumonia

acute invasive 268, 271 chronic 268, 271 pulmonary aspergilloma 267 sepsis 155 transplant infections 164, 165

Aspergillus galactomannan (AG) 500t

Aspiration pneumonia 65 Asplenia 157 Asplenia/impaired splenic function,

chronic medical prophylaxis 364t Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy,

chronic medical prophylaxis 364t Atazanavir (ATV) 546 Atelectasis, unilateral focal segmental/

lobar infiltrate without effusion 426 Athlete‘s foot 147 Atovaquone 548 Atovaquone + proguanil 548 Atripla [efavirenz (EFV)+(emtricitabine

(FTC)+tenofovir (TDF)] 600 ATV (atazanavir) 546 Atypical lymphocytes, WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 496t Augmentin 534 ES-600 535 XR formulation 537 Avelox 650 AV graft infection 83 Avian influenza 62

community-acquired

pneumonia 51 post-exposure prophylaxis 359t Avycaz 559

Axillary adenopathy, lymph node abnormalities (DDx) 488t

Azactam 552 Azidothymidine 718 Azithromycin 549 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .518 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 186t pediatric dose 415 AZT (zidovudine) 718 Aztreonam 552 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .511

pediatric dose 417

B-cepacia, community-acquired pneumonia 54

Babesia microti 258, 260 Babesiosis 258, 260 Bacillary angiomatosis 289, 291

Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG)

adult immunization 379t granulomatous hepatitis 96 sepsis 155 Bacillus anthracis 215 anthrax 173, 174 post-exposure prophylaxis 360t

Bacillus cereus

keratitis 31 subtilis, megaterium 215t

Back abnormalities (DDx)

D’espine’s sign 484t spinal tenderness 484t unilateral CVA tenderness 484t Bacteremias transplant infections 166 Bacteremia vs positive BC's . . . . . . . 13 Bacterial conjunctivitis 33 Bacterial endophthalmitis 36 Bacterial pharyngitis 41

Bacterial resistance, to antimicrobial therapy 2

Bacterial sinusitis 30 Bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic antibiotics 9 Bactericidal vs. bacteriostatic therapy 9 Bacteroides fragilis 240t acute pancreatitis 94 decubitus ulcers 137 diabetic foot ulcers 138 endometritis 113 group 240t intraabdominal abcess 101 ischiorectal/perirectal abscess 151 liver abscess 95 osteomyelitis 129 pancreatic abscess 95 PID 113 salpingitis 113 sepsis 151 septic abortion 113 surgical prophylaxis 354, 355t tuboovarian abscess 113 Bactrim 707 Balanitis 116 Balantidiasis 278 Balantidium coli 278

Baraclude 607 Bartonella henselae

cat scratch disease 146 quintana, bacilliformis 219t

Bartonella sp. bacillary

angiomatosis 291 Basophilia WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 496t Bedaquiline 53 Beef tapeworm 281 Bell‘s palsy, neurological abnormalities

(DDx) 494t BG (β 1, 3 D-glucan) . . . . . . . . . 500t susceptibility profiles 186t

β-hemolytic streptococci, usual/unusual susceptibility patterns 7t

β-lactams. (see individual penicillins cephalosporins)

β-lactamase inhibitor combinations,

pearls & pitfalls 512 Biaxin 580 Biaxin XL 582 Bifidobacterium sp. 237 Biliary tract penetration explanation 523 Biliary tract surgery surgical

prophylaxis 355t Bilirubin, total, elevation, liver test

abnormalities (DDx) 500t Bioavailability

explanation 521 oral antimicrobials 11t

Bioterrorist agents in adults

treatment 173 anthrax 173 botulism 174 Ebola 174 pneumonic plague 174 smallpox 174 tularemic pneumonia 173

BK virus, transplant infections 162 Blastocystis 277 Blastocystis hominis 277 Blastomyces dermatitidis

cutaneous blastomycosis 284, 285 epididymitis 106 pulmonary blastomycosis 267

Blood, parasites, fungi, unusual

organisms in 254 Bloody pleural fluid abnormalities

(DDx) 503t Body fluid secretions, travel

precautions 372t Body lice 150 Bone infections, empiric therapy of 121 Bone marrow transplant (BMT),

transplant infections 160 Bordetella pertussis 219 community-acquired pneumonia 49 post-exposure prophylaxis 359t Borrelia burgdorferi 233 Lyme disease 127 meningitis 21 pericarditis/myocarditis 78 post-exposure prophylaxis 361t Borrelia recurrentis 234t relapsing fever 257 Botulism 170 bioterrorist 174 Boutonneuse fever 296 Brachiola, microsporidia enteritis 335

Brain

cysts/mass lesions in 261 parasites, fungi, unusual

organisms in 261 Brain abscess 27 cardiac source 27 dental source 27 mastoid/otitic source 27 neurosurgical procedure 27 open trauma 27 pulmonary source 28 sinus source 27 transplant infections 164 Bronchiectasis 67

Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP), bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 457 Bronchitis, acute bacterial exacerbation

of chronic (AECB) 48

Bronchogenic carcinoma, unilateral ill-defined infiltrates with effusion 446 without effusion 440

Bronchogenic cyst, cavitary

infiltrates (thin-walled) 472 Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

(BPA) 270 Brownish pleural fluid

abnormalities (DDx) 503t Brucella sp. 132, 219 endocarditis 73 meningitis 22 septic arthritis 121 Brugia malayi 254 Bullae skin 288

Bull neck, neck abnormalities

(DDx) 483t Burkholderia cepacia 220t Burkholderia pseudomallei 220t Bursitis septic 121, 124 Buruli ulcer 285, 287

C-alf tenderness, extremity

abnormality (DDx) 491t California encephalitis (CE) 25 Camelback fever pattern, fever curves

(DDx) 475t Campylobacter sp.

fetus 220 infectious diarrhea 86 jejuni 221 HIV 333 travel prophylaxis 372t

CA-MRSA. see Community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA)

c-ANCA, elevation, rheumatic test abnormalities (DDx) 501t

Candida albicans 242t candidemia 161 catheter-associated

candiduria 105 chorioretinitis 34 chronic medical prophylaxis 364t endophthalmitis 35 esophagitis 84

febrile neutropenia 159 fungal cystitis 103 fungal peritonitis/abscess 100 hepatosplenic candidiasis 96 IV line infection 79 mucocutaneous candidiasis 147 onychomycosis 148 sepsis 153 thrush 43 vaginitis, in HIV 338

Candida chorioretinitis 34 Candidadiasis, oropharyngeal/

esophageal, HIV 336 Candida non-albicans 243 candidemia 161 chronic medical prophylaxis 364t febrile neutropenia 159 fungal peritonitis/abscess 100 IV line infection 79 pacemaker infection 79 sepsis 153 catheter-associated candiduria 105 nodular/pustular candidiasis 290 prosthetic valve endocarditis 76 Candida vaginitis, balanitis 115 Candidemia, transplant infections 161 Capastat 553 CAPD-associated peritonitis 102 Capillaria philippinensis 279 Capillariasis 279

Capnocytophaga

canimorsus/cynodegni 235t Capnocytophaga canimorsus (DF2),

animal bite wounds 144 Capnocytophaga ochraceus 235t Capnophilic isolates,

clinical significance, pending susceptibility testing 235t

Capreomycin 553 Carbapenems

pearls & pitfalls 511 susceptibility profiles 198t

Cardiac conditions, indications for infective endocarditis (IE)

prophylaxis 369t Cardiac valve replacement,

surgical prophylaxis 355t Cardiobacterium hominis 221 endocarditis 72

Cardiovascular infections,

empiric therapy 70 Carpal tunnel syndrome, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t Caspofungin 553 pediatric dose 416

Catheter associated

bacteriuria (CAB) 104 Catheter associated

candiduria (CAC) 105 Cat scratch disease (CSD) 144 pediatric 411 Cavernous vein thrombosis 27 CD4 cell counts, in HIV 302 Ceclor 555 Cedax 570 Cefaclor 555 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefadroxil 556 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .509 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefamandole 557 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefazolin 557 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .509 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t pediatric dose 416 Cefdinir 558 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .511 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefditoren 559 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .511 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefepime 560 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .511

susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t pediatric dose 416 Cefixime 562 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .511 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefizox 571 Cefobid 562 Cefoperazone 562 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefotan 564 Cefotaxime 563 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t pediatric dose 416 Cefotetan 564 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefoxitin 565 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t pediatric dose 416 Cefpodoxime 565 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .511 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Cefprozil 566 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Ceftolozane/tazobactam . . . . . . . 572 Ceftaroline fosamil 567 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 192t Ceftazidime 569 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .510 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 192t pediatric dose . . . . . . . . . . . .416 Ceftazidime/azibactam . . . . . . . . 569 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .512 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t Ceftazidime/avibactam . . . . . . . . 569 Ceftibuten 570 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .511 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 191t

trypanosomiasis) 255, 256

blood 256 cerebral 262, 264 heart 273 Chancroid 117 post-exposure prophylaxis 360t

Chest abnormalities (DDx) chest dullness, consolidation/

pleural effusion 484t chest wall sinuses 484t costochondral tenderness 484t diffuse wheezing 484t shoulder tenderness 484t spontaneous pneumothorax 484t sternal tenderness 484t trapezius tenderness 484t

Chest dullness, consolidation/pleural effusion, chest

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Chest wall sinuses, chest

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Chest x-ray atlas 425 bilateral infiltrates with effusion 458 infectious causes 458 noninfectious causes 460

bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 448 infectious causes 448 non-infectious causes 453 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 463 infectious causes 464

infectious causes based

on speed of cavitation 463 non-infectious causes 468 cavitary infiltrates (thin-walled) 470 infectious causes 470 non-infectious causes 472

unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 431 infectious causes 431 non-infectious causes 434

unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 426 infectious causes 426 non-infectious causes 428

unilateral ill-defined infiltrates with effusion 443

infectious causes 443 non-infectious causes 444

unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 436 infectious causes 436 non-infectious causes 440

Chickenpox

pediatric 412 post-exposure

prophylaxis 360 therapy 142

Chlamydia trachomatis

conjunctivitis 33 dysuria-pyuria

syndrome 103 endometritis 113 epididymitis 106 lymphogranuloma

venereum 118 PID 113 post-exposure

prophylaxis 360t salpingitis 113 septic abortion 113 tuboovarian abscess 113 urethritis/cervicitis 114

Chlamydophilia

community-acquired pneumonia 49 pharyngitis 42 unilateral ill-defined

infiltrates without effusion 437 Chlamydophilia (Chlamydia)

pneumoniae 58 community-acquired

pneumonia 49 pharyngitis 42

Chlamydophilia (Chlamydia) psittaci (psittacosis)

community-acquired

pneumonia 51 endocarditis 72 zoonotic atypical pneumonia 60 Chloramphenicol 576 pearls & pitfalls 512 Chloromycetin 576

Cholangitis 93 Cholecystitis 92 emphysematous 92 Chorioretinitis 34 eye abnormalities (DDx) 480t Chromobacterium violaceum 221 Chromomycosis 289 Chronic bacterial sinusitis 31 Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 42

Chronic infections. (see specific clinical syndromes)

Chronic mastoiditis 39 Chronic medical prophylaxis 364t

acute exacerbation of chronic

bronchitis (AECB) 365t acute rheumatic fever (ARF) 365t asplenia/impaired splenic

function 364t asymptomatic bacteriuria in

pregnancy 364t neonatal group B streptococcal

(GBS) infection

(primary prevention) 365t prophylaxis of fungal infections in

neutropenic patients 364t recurrent genital herpes

(less than 6 episodes/year) 364t recurrent genital herpes

(more than 6 episodes/year) 365t UTIs (recurrent) 364t Chronic meningitis 22

Chryseobacterium (Flavobacterium) meningosepticum 221

Chyluria, urinary

abnormalities (DDx) 503t Cidofovir 577 Cipro 578 Ciprofloxacin 578 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .515 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 198t extended-release 579 Cipro XR 579 Citrobacter sp. 222

Cladosporium/Fonsecaea, myositis 298

Claforan 563 Clarithromycin 580 pearls & pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . .518 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 186t Clarithromycin XL 582 Cleocin 583 Clindamycin 583 pearls & pitfalls 513 susceptibility profiles . . . . . . . . 186t pediatric dose 417

Clinical and Laboratory

Standards Institute (CLSI) 8 Clonorchiasis 273 Clonorchis sinensis 273 Clostridial myonecrosis 134, 135 Clostridium botulinum 237

botulism 171 Clostridium difficile 238 diarrhea 86 colitis 86

Clostridium difficile diarrhea,

HIV 333 Clostridium perfringens

cholecystitis 92 C. septicum, C. novyi 238

Clostridium sordelli

septic abortion 113 toxic shock syndrome 169

Clostridium sp. complicated

skin/skin structure tissue infections 134 Clostridium tetani 238 tetanus 170

Clubbing, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t CNS infections, empiric therapy 18 CNS shunt, surgical prophylaxis 355t CNS shunt infections, acute

bacterial meningitis 21 Coccidioides immitis

chronic septic arthritis 126 cutaneous coccidioidomycosis 286 fungal arthritis 123 HIV 339 pulmonary coccidioidomycosis 271

Coccidiomycosis

cavitary infiltrates (thin-walled) 470 cutaneous 286 meningitis 22 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 432 Coin lesions, pulmonary 266 Cold abscesses, cutaneous,

extremity abnormalities (DDx) 492t Cold agglutinins, elevated,

serum test abnormalities (DDx) 499t Colistin methanesulfonate 584 Colistin/Polymyxin E 584 Colon surgery, surgical

prophylaxis 356t Coly-Mycin M 584 Combination therapy vs.

monotherapy 9 Combivir [Lamivudine (3TC) +

Zidovudine (ZDV)] 633 complicated skin/skin structure

tissue infections 135 pyomyositis/necrotizing

abscesses 135 Community-acquired

pneumonia (CAP) 49 atypical pathogens 56 avian influenza (H5N1, H7N9) 62 C. pneumoniae 51 C. psittaci (psittacosis) 51 Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) 51 Francisella tularensis (tularemia) 51 influenza A 51 Legionella 51 M. pneumoniae 51 swine influenza (H1N1) 51

pertussis 56 typical pathogens 56 B. pertussis 50 H. influenzae 50 M. catarrhalis 50 S. pneumoniae 50 S. aureus (MSSA/MRSA) 65

Complera [Emtricitabine (FTC) +

Rilpivirine (RPV) + Tenofovir (TDF)] 605 Complicated skin/skin structure

tissue infections (cSSSIs) 134 CO-MRSA. (see Community onset MRSA) Concentration-dependent kinetics,

antibiotics with 10t Condylomata acuminata 118 Congestive heart failure

bilateral infiltrates with effusion 458 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 443 Conjunctival suffusion, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 479t Conjunctivitis 32 bacterial 32 trachoma 33

unilateral/bilateral, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 479t viral 33 Copegus 680

Corneal haziness, eye abnormalities

(DDx) 480t Corneal ulcers, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 480t Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG),

surgical prophylaxis 355t Corynebacterium diphtheriae 216 diphtheria 172 pericarditis/myocarditis 78 pharyngitis 40 post-exposure prophylaxis 358t

Corynebacterium hemolyticum, pharyngitis 40

Corynebacterium jeikeium (JK) 216 Corynebacterium minutissimum,

erythrasma 284 Costochondral tenderness, chest

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

community-acquired pneumonia 51 endocarditis 72 zoonotic atypical pneumonia 60

Coxsackie A virus

herpangina 44 pericarditis/myocarditis 78

Crabs 150 Cranial nerve abnormalities, unilateral/

bilateral, neurological abnormalities (DDx) 494t

Cresemba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .626 Crimson crescents, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 483t Crixivan (Indinavir) 625 Crpytosporidia enteritis, HIV/AIDS 334 Cryptococcomas/meningitis 261 Cryptococcosis, cutaneous 290 Cryptococcus meningitis 24 Cryptococcus neoformans 243

cryptococcomas/meningitis 261 cutaneous cryptococcosis 290 meningitis 22 HIV 329 pulmonary cryptococcosis 269 transplant infections 164

unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 439 Cryptosporidia 277 chronic watery diarrhea, HIV/AIDS 90 travel prophylaxis 371t Cryptosporidiosis 277

CSF

cysts/mass lesions in 261 parasites, fungi, unusual

organisms in 261 CSF abnormalities (DDx)

CSF eosinophils 506t CSF lactic acid levels 506t CSF plasma cells 506t CSF with negative Gram stain and

predominantly lymphocytes/ decreased glucose 506t

CSF with negative Gram stain and predominantly lymphocytes/

normal glucose 505t CSF with negative Gram stain and

predominantly PMNs/decreased glucose 505t

highly elevated CSF protein 506t purulent CSF with negative

Gram stain 505t RBCs in CSF 505t

CSF Gram stain, clinical use 246t CSF lactic acid levels, elevation, CSF

abnormalities (DDx) 506t CSF protein, highly elevated, CSF

abnormalities (DDx) 506t Cubicin 589 Cutaneous actinomycosis 284 Cutaneous alternaria 289, 291 Cutaneous amebiasis 284, 286 Cutaneous aspergillosis 290, 292 Cutaneous blastomycosis 284 Cutaneous coccidioidomycosis 284 Cutaneous cold abscesses,

extremity abnormalities (DDx) 492t Cutaneous cryptococcosis 290, 293 Cutaneous fusarium 289, 291 Cutaneous gnathostomiasis 288, 289

290, 293

Cutaneous larva migrans

(creeping eruption) 288 Cutaneous leishmaniasis

(Old World/New World) 283 Cutaneous MAI 285 Cutaneous mycobacteria 285 Cutaneous nocardiosis 284 Cutaneous onchocerciasis 290, 294 Cutaneous penicillium 289 Cutaneous prototheca 289, 292 Cutaneous sporotrichosis 290, 293 Cutaneous zygomycosis

(mucormycosis) 290 CVA tenderness, unilateral, back

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Cycloserine 586 Cyclospora 277 diarrhea 88 travel prophylaxis 371t

Cystic bronchiectasis, cavitary

infiltrates (thin-walled) 470 Cystic fibrosis 67 Cystic lesions/masses

CSF/brain 261 liver flukes 273 pulmonary 265

Cystitis 103 bacterial 103 candidal 103 Cystoscopy, surgical prophylaxis 357t Cysts/masses, infected 140 Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes 524t

Cytoid bodies (cotton wool spots),

eye abnormalities (DDx) 480t Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 450

colitis 334 community-acquired pneumonia 55 cytomegalovirus colitis 87 encephalitis 25 HIV infection 329 esophagitis 84 HIV infection 334 hepatitis 99 meningitis 22 pharyngitis 40 retinitis, HIV infection 327, 328 transplant infections 162 Cytovene 620

D-actylitis, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t

Daraprim 674 Darunavir 591 Daskil 697 ddC (zalcitabine) 717 ddl (didanosine) 594 Deafness

acute, ear abnormalities (DDx) 481t transient, neurological

abnormalities (DDx) 493t Decubitis ulcers 137, 139 Delavirdine (DLV) 593

Dental infections, severe 46, 47 Dermatophyte nail infections 149 D‘espines sign, back

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Desquamation of hands/feet,

extremity abnormalities (DDx) 493t d4T (stavudine) 689 Diabetes mellitus, chronic

osteomyelitis 130 Diabetic foot ulcers 138, 139 Diarrhea, infectious 86 acute watery 86, 89 C. difficile 86 chronic, watery 88, 90 typhoid/enteric fever 88, 89 Didanosine EC (ddI) 594 Dientamoeba fragilis 276 Dientamoebiasis 276, 277 Differential diagnosis 474 abdominal abnormalities 485t back abnormalities 484t chest abnormalities 484t CSF abnormalities 505t ear abnormalities 481t extremity abnormalities 490t eye abnormalities 478t fever curves 475t

general appearance

abnormalities 476t genitourinary abnormalities 489t head abnormalities 477t heart abnormalities 485t liver test abnormalities 500t lymph node abnormalities 488t mouth abnormalities 482t nasal abnormalities 481t neck abnormalities 483t neurological abnormalities 493t platelet abnormalities 498t pleural fluid abnormalities 503t RBC abnormalities 497t rheumatic test abnormalities 501t serum test abnormalities 498t urinary abnormalities 501t WBC abnormalities 495t

Diflucan 614 Digital gangrene, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t Diphtheria 170, 172 adult immunization 381t post-exposure prophylaxis 359t travel prophylaxis 375t

Diphyllobothrium latum, fish

tapeworm 281 Dirofilaria immitis, dog

heartworm 266 Diskitis, pediatric 409, 410 Distal small bowel surgery,

surgical prophylaxis 356t Diverticulitis 102 DLV (delavirdine) 593 Dog heartworm 266 Dolutegravir/Abacavir/Lamivudine 314 Dolutegravir (Tivicay) DTG 595 Donovan bodies, granuloma

inguinale 118 Doribax 596 Doripenem 596 pearls & pitfalls 511 susceptibility profiles 198t

Dosing

adjustments, explanation 522 antibiotics, factors in 4 recommendations, explanation 523

Double quotidian fevers, fever

curves (DDx) 475t Double stranded DNA (DS-DNA),

elevation, rheumatic test

abnormalities (DDx) 501t Doxycycline 597 pearls & pitfalls 512 susceptibility profiles 186t

Dracunculus medinensis,

Guinea worm 288 Drug fever 13 Drug fever, clinical features 13t Drug-induced bilateral infiltrates

with effusion 458 without effusion 448

Drug interactions, explanations 523 DRV (darunavir) 591 Dry eyes, eye abnormalities (DDx), 480t DTG (dolutegravir) 595 Duration of antibiotic therapy 11 Duration of therapy 11 Duricef 556 Dwarf tapeworm 281 Dysentery, acute

E. histolytica 91 Shigella 91

Dysuria-pyuria syndrome (acute

urethral syndrome) 103

E-basidiobolus,

entomorphthoromycosis 291 E. conidiobolus,

entomorphthoromycosis 291 Ear abnormalities (DDx)

acute deafness 481t external ear lesions 481t

Ear lesions, external, ear

abnormalities (DDx) 481t East African trypanosomiasis 256 Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) 25 Ebola virus 174 Ebstein Barr virus (EBV)

hepatitis 99 meningitis 21, 23 pharyngitis 40, 42 transplant infections 163t Ecalta 545

Echinococcus granulosus

cerebral 261, 263 hepatic echinococcosis 274

Echinococcus multilocularis

alveolar echinococcosis 265 cerebral 261, 263

Edema, generalized, general

appearance abnormalities (DDx) 476t Edematous pancreatitis 94 Edurant (rilpivirine) 684 Edwardsiella tarda 222t Efavirenz (EFV) 599

Efavirenz + emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Atripla) 600

EFV (efavirenz) 599 EFV/FTC/TDF (Atripla) 600 Ehrlichia chaffeensis (HME) 260 Ehrlichia ewubguum 258 Ehrlichiosis 258 Ehrlichiosis (HME) 260 Eikenella corrodens 235t

endocarditis 72 human bite wounds 144 septic arthritis 123

Elephant skin, general appearance abnormalities (DDx) 477t

Elvitegravir + Combicistat +

Emtricitabine + Tenofovir (Stribild) 602 EMB 611 Emphysema, cavitary infiltrates

(thin-walled) 472 Emphysematous cholecystitis 92 Empiric antibiotic therapy, antibiotic

spectrum as basis for 2 Empiric therapy

bone and joint infections 121 pediatric 407 cardiovascular infections 70 CNS infections 18 pediatric 387 gastrointestinal tract infections 84 pediatric 403 genitourinary tract infections 103 HEENT infections 29 pediatric 391 lower respiratory tract infections 48 pediatric 396 sexually transmitted diseases 114 skin and soft tissue infections 132 pediatric 411 syndrome based 17 vascular infections, pediatric 402 Empyema 67 subdural 27 Emtricitabine (FTC) 603

Emtricitabine + Rilpivirine + Tenofovir

(Complera) 605

Emtricitabine (FTC) + tenofovir (TDF) [Truvada] 604

Emtriva (emtricitabine) 603 Encephalitis 25 amebic, granulomatous 263 arboviral 26 CMV, HIV 328 HHV-6 26 HSV-1 26 Listeria 26 Mycoplasma 26 organ transplants 164 pediatric 389

primary amebic meningo-

encephalitis 261 toxoplasma, HIV 331

Encephalopathy, acute, neurological abnormalities (DDx) 493t

Endocarditis

acute bacterial (ABE) 75, 76 IV drug abusers 75 prosthetic valve (PVE) 76 subacute bacterial (SBE) 70 culture negative 72, 74 GI/GU source 71, 73 no obvious source 70, 73

Endocarditis prophylaxis for above-the-waist (dental, oral, esophageal, respiratory tract) procedures

IV prophylaxis 370t oral prophylaxis 370t

Endocarditis prophylaxis for below-the- waist (genitourinary, gastrointestinal) procedures

IV prophylaxis 371t oral prophylaxis 370t Endometritis 113 Endomyometritis 113 Endophthalmitis 35 bacterial 35, 36 eye abnormalities (DDx) 480t fungal 35, 36 infected lens implant 35, 36 tuberculosis 35, 36

ENF (enfuvirtide) 606 Enfuvirtide (T20) 606 Enlarged greater auricularnerve,

neck abnormalities (DDx) 483t Entamoeba histolytica 274 cerebral amebiasis 261, 262 cutaneous amebiasis 284, 286 dysentery 88, 91 hepatic amebiasis 274 liver abscess 95 pulmonary amebiasis 265 Entecavir 607

Enterobacteriaceae. see also Citrobacter, Edwardsiella;

Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Providencia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella

acute bacterial

pyelonephritis 107, 108 bacterial cystitis 103, 104 brain abscess 27 CAPD-associated peritonitis 101, 102 chronic pyelonephritis 108 complicated skin/skin structure

tissue infections 135 endophthalmitis 36 febrile neutropenia 158 intraabdominal abcess 101 ischiorectal/perirectal abscess 151 osteomyelitis 129 prostatitis/prostatic abscess 110 prosthetic valve endocarditis 76 renal abscess 109 sepsis 151 septic arthritis 122, 124 solid organ transplant 160 suppurative parotitis 40 urosepsis 111

Enterobacter sp. 188 acute bacterial meningitis 19 brain abscess 27 burn wounds 145 sepsis 152

Enterobius vermicularis, pinworm 279, 280

Enterococci

cholangitis 93 cholecystitis 92 chronic medical prophylaxis 364t gallbladder abscess 93 liver abscess 95 vascular graft infections 83

Enterococcus faecalis (VSE) 210t bone marrow transplant

infection 160 catheter-associated bacteriuria 104 cholangitis 93 cholecystitis 92 cystitis 103 endocarditis 71 gallbladder wall abscess 93 liver abscess 95 pyelonephritis 108 sepsis 151 surgical prophylaxis 355t urosepsis 111

Enterococcus faecium (VRE) 211t catheter-associated bacteriuria 104 endocarditis 71 pyelonephritis 107 sepsis 154 surgical prophylaxis 357t transplant infections 160

Enterocytozoon bienuesi,

microsporidia enteritis 335 Enteroviruses

meningitis 21 travel prophylaxis 373t Entomophthoromycosis 289 Eosinopenia (DDx) 496t

Eosinophilia, WBC abnormalities

(DDx) 496t Eosinophilic folliculitis 297 Eosinophils

CSF abnormalities (DDx) 506t pleural effusion profiles in

various diseases (DDx) 504t Eosinophiluria, urinary

abnormalities (DDx) 504t

Epidemic (louse-borne)

typhus 294, 295 Epidermophyton floccosum

onychomycosis 148 tinea corporis 147

Epididymitis, acute and

chronic 106 Epididymoorchitis, genitourinary

abnormalities (DDx) 489t Epiglottitis 47 Episcleritis, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 480t Epistaxis, nasal

abnormalities (DDx) 481t Epitrochlear adenopathy,

lymph node abnormalities (DDx) 488t Epivir (lamivudine) 632 Epzicom [Abacavir (ABC) +

Lamivudine (3TC)] 527 Eraxis 545 Ertapenem 608 pearls & pitfalls 511 susceptibility profiles 198t Erysipelas 132, 133 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 216t

Erythema multiforme, extremity abnormalities (DDx) 493t

Erythema nodosum, extremity abnormalities (DDx) 493t

Erythrasma 283, 284 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),

serum test abnormalities

(DDx) 498t Erythroderma, general appearance

abnormalities (DDx) 476t Erythromycin, pediatric dose 418 pearls & pitfalls 518 susceptibility profiles 190t pediatric dose 418

Erythromycin lactobionate, base

(various) 609 Eschar, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Escherichia coli 223 acute bacterial meningitis 19

catheter-associated bacteriuria 104 cellulitis 133 cholangitis 93 cholecystitis 92 decubitus ulcers 137 diabetic foot ulcers 138 dysuria-pyuria syndrome 103 gallbladder wall abscess 93 infectious diarrhea 86 ischemic foot ulcers 139 osteomyelitis 130 pneumonia 68 sepsis 152 skin abscesses/infected cysts 141 surgical prophylaxis 355t travel prophylaxis 372t

Esophageal candidiasis, HIV 336 Esophagitis 84 fungal 84 viral 84, 85 Ethambutol 611 Ethionamide 611

Ethmoid sinus, acute bacterial

sinusitis 31 ETR (etravirine) 612 Etravirine (ETR) 612 Eubacterium sp. 239t EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF (Stribild) 602 Excreted unchanged, explanation 522 External otitis 37

benign 37 malignant 37

Extracellular debris, pleural fluid abnormalities (DDx) 504t

Extremity abnormalities (DDx)

arthritis (septic/reactive) 491t calf tenderness 491t carpal tunnel syndrome 490t clubbing 490t cutaneous cold abscesses 492t dactylitis 490t desquamation of hands/feet 493t digital gangrene 490t

edema of dorsum of hand/foot 490t erythema multiforme 493t erythema nodosum 493t eschar 492t foot/leg ulcers 491t hyperpigmented shins 492t leg edema, unilateral/bilateral 491t lymhangitis 490t migratory rashes 492t nodular arm/leg lesions 492t nodular lymhangitis 490t painful leg nodules 492t painless purple palm/sole lesions 490t palpable purpura 492t papular axillary lesions 491t plantar hyperkeratoses 493t purple nodules 492t rash of palms/soles 492t scleroderma 492t splinter hemorrhages 490t tender fingertips 490t tender muscles 491t tenosynovitis 491t thigh tenderness (bilateral) 491t thrombophlebitis 491t verrucous foot/leg lesions 491t verrucous hand/arm lesions 490t wrist swelling 491t

Eye abnormalities (DDx)

Argyll-Robertson pupils 479t bilateral lid edema 478t bilateral upper lid edema 478t chorioretinitis 480t conjunctivitis, unilateral/bilateral 479t conjunctival suffusion 479t corneal haziness 480t corneal ulcers 480t cytoid bodies (cotton wool spots) 480t dry eyes 480t endophthalmitis 480t episcleritis 480t heliotrope eyelid discoloration 479t

hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, unilateral/bilateral 479t

iritis 479t keratitis 480t periorbital edema,

unilateral/bilateral 479t periphlebitis (candle wax

drippings) 481t Roth spots 481t scleral nodules 480t subconjunctival hemorrhage,

hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, unilateral/bilateral 479t

uveitis 480t watery eyes 480t

Eyebrow loss, total/partial, head abnormalities (DDx) 478t

Eyelashes, long, head abnormalities

(DDx) 478t Eyelid edema, bilateral, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 478t Eyelid edema, bilateral upper, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 478t

F-acial cellulitis 29 Facial erythema, head abnormalities

(DDx) 478t Facial red spots, head abnormalities

(DDx) 477t Facial swelling (edema), head

abnormalities (DDx) 477t Famciclovir 613 Famvir 613 Fasciola gigantica 273 Fasciola hepatica 273 Fascioliasis 273 Fasciolopsiasis 282 Fasciolopsis buski 282 Fascitis 136 Fat emboli, bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 454 Febrile neutropenia 158 Fecal gram stain, clinical use 249t

Feet, desquamation of, extremity abnormalities (DDx) 493t

Ferritin levels, elevated (acute/chronic), serum test

abnormalities (DDx) 499t Fever and chills (DDx) 475t Fever and night sweats (DDx) 475t Fever curves (DDx) 475t camelback fever pattern 475t double quotidian fevers 475t

morning (am) temperature spikes 475t

relative bradycardia 475t relative tachycardia 475t single fever spikes 475t

Filariasis

brugia malayi 254 Wuchereria bancrofti 254

Fingertip tenderness, extremity abnormalities (DDx) 490t

Fish tapeworm 281 5-FC (Flucytosine) 615 Flaccid paralysis (acute),

neurological abnormalities

(DDx) 494t Flagyl 645 Flatworms, intestinal 282 Fluconazole 614 pediatric dose 418

Fluconazole-resistant Candida catheter-associated candiduria 105 fungal cystitis 103 thrush 43

Flucytosine 615 Flukes

intestinal 282 liver 273 lung 262, 264, 266 Flumadine 685

Fluoroquinolones

susceptibility profiles 198t Flying insects, travel precautions 372t Flying squirrel typhus 294 Fonsecaea pedrosoi/compactum,

chromomycosis 289

Food-borne infectious disease (fecally-contaminated), travel precautions 372t

Foot edema, dorsum, extremity abnormality (DDx) 490t

Foot lesions, verrucous, extremity abnormality (DDx) 491t

Foot ulcers, extremity abnormality

(DDx) 491t Fortaz 568 Fosamprenavir (FPV) 616 Foscarnet 618 Foscavir 618 Fosfomycin 619

pearls & pitfalls 519 susceptibility profiles 198t Fournier‘s gangrene 134

Fourth cephalosporin

pearls & pitfalls 511 FPV (fosamprenavir) 616 Francisella tularensis (tularemia) 223 community-acquired pneumonia 51 post-exposure prophylaxis 363t tularemia pneumonia 173 zoonotic atypical pneumonia 60

Frenal ulcer, mouth abnormalities

(DDx) 482t Freshwater wounds 146 Frontal sinus, acute bacterial

sinusitis 30 FTC (emtricitabine) 603 FTC/RPV/TDF (Complera) 605 FTC/TDF (Truvada) 604 Fulvicin 623 Fungal (candida) esophagitis 84 Fungal (cryptococcal) meningitis 24 Fungal endophthalmitis 36 Fungal infections

in neutropenic patients, chronic

medical prophylaxis 365t of skin/nails 147 Fungizone 537 Furunculosis 140 Fusarium, cutaneous 289

Fusarium solani, cutaneous

fusarium 289, 291

Fusobacterium necrophorum,

Lemierre‘s syndrome 46 Fusobacterium nucleatum 240t

complicated skin/skin structure

tissue infections 135 Vincent‘s angina 45 Fuzeon (enfuvirtide) 606

G-allbladder wall abscess/

perforation 93 Ganciclovir 620 Gangrene, digital 490t Garamycin 621 Gardnerella vaginalis 115 Gas gangrene 134, 135 Gastric perforation 85 Gastroenteritis, pediatric 403 Gastrointestinal tract infections

empiric therapy 84 opportunistic 332

General appearance abnormalities (DDx)

bullae 476t erythroderma 476t generalized edema/

nephrotic syndrome 476t hyperpigmentation 476t hypotension/shock 476t jaundice 477t lizard/elephant skin 477t rash (below waist) 477t soft tissue crepitance 476t urticaria 477t vitiligo 477t

Genital herpes 116 recurrent

less than 6 episodes/year, chronic medical

prophylaxis 364t more than 6 pisodes/year,

chronic medical prophylaxis 365t Genital ulcers 117, 489t Genital vesicles 116 Genital warts 119 Genitourinary abnormalities (DDx)

epididymoorchitis 489t

groin mass 489t perirectal fistula 489t perirectal ulcer 489t prostate enlargement/

tenderness 489t scrotal enlargement 489t

Genitourinary tract infections,

empiric therapy 103 Gentamicin 621 pearls & pitfalls 513 susceptibility profiles 198t pediatric dose 419

GGT (GGTP), elevation, liver test abnormalities (DDx) 500t

Giardia lamblia 277 diarrhea 88 travel prophylaxis 371t Giardiasis 276 Giemsa stain, technique for 246t

Gingivitis, mouth abnormalities (DDx) 482t

Glucose

decreased, pleural fluid

abnormalities (DDx) 504t pleural effusion profiles in

various diseases (DDx) 504 Gnathostoma spinigerum

cerebral 261 cutaneous gnathostomiasis 288 Gnathostomiasis, cutaneous 288, 289

Gonorrhea (GC), post-exposure prophylaxis 360t

Goodpasture‘s syndrome

bilateral infiltrates with effusion 461 bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 453 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB)

aerobic 218t anaerobic 240t capnophilic 235t chronic medical prophylaxis 365t Gram-negative bacteria, septic shock 155 Gram-negative cocci 213t aerobic, pairs 214t

Gram-positive bacilli

aerobic 215t anaerobic 236t Gram-positive bacteria, septic shock 155

Gram-positive cocci (GPCs)

aerobic 210 chains 210t clusters 208t pairs 213t

Gram stains

CSF 246t sputum 248t technique for 246t urine 248t

Granuloma inguinale

(Donovanosis) 118 Granulomatous amebic

encephalitis 261, 263 Granulomatous amebic

meningoencephalitis 23 Granulomatous hepatitis (BCG) 97 Gray hair (premature), head

abnormalities (DDx) 477t Grifulvin 623 Grisactin 623 Griseofulvin 623 Gris-PEG 623 Groin mass, genitourinary

abnormalities (DDx) 489t Group A streptococci 211 animal bite wounds 144 burn wounds 145 cellulitis 29

complicated skin/skin structure

tissue infections 134 decubitus ulcers 137 diabetic foot ulcers 138 human bite wounds 144 ischemic foot ulcers 139 Ludwig‘s angina 44 osteomyelitis 130 pharyngitis 40 septic arthritis 121 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 433

Group B streptococci 211 bacterial cystitis 103 cellulitis 133 diabetic foot ulcers 138 endocarditis 70 osteomyelitis 130 septic arthritis 121 urosepsis 111

Group C streptococci 213 endocarditis 70 septic arthritis 121 Group F streptococci 212 Group G streptococci 212 septic arthritis 121

Guillain-Barré syndrome, neurological abnormalities

(DDx) 494t Guinea worm 288

H-aemophilus. (see Hemophilus)

Hafnia alvei 224 Hairy leukoplakia 43 “Halo sign,” Aspergillus

pneumonia 67 HA-MRSA. see Hospital-acquired MRSA Hand edema, dorsum, extremity

abnormality (DDx) 490t Hand lesions, verrucous 490t Hands, desquamation of,

extremity abnormalities (DDx) 493t Hantavirus (HPS), bilateral infiltrates

with effusion 459 Harvoni 98t, 346t Head abnormalities (DDx)

facial erythema 478t facial red spots 477t facial swelling (edema) 477t generalized alopecia 478t lacrimal gland enlargement

(unilateral/bilateral) 478t localized alopecia 478t long eyelashes 478t parotid enlargement 478t prematurely gray hair 477t scalp nodules 478t

severe seborrheic dermatitis 477t

temporal muscle wasting 477t total/partial eyebrow loss 478t Head lice 150

Heart

Chagas‘ disease 273 parasites, fungi, unusual

organisms in 273 Heart abnormalities (DDx)

heart block, acute/chronic 485t heart murmur 485t pericardial effusion 485t tachycardia 485t

Heart murmur, heart

abnormalities (DDx) 485t Heart transplants, transplant

prophylaxis (BMT/SOT) 368t HEENT infections,

empiric therapy 29 Helicobacter pylori 224 peptic ulcer disease 85

Heliotrope eyelid discoloration, eye abnormalities (DDx) 479t

Hematuria, gross/microscopic,

urinary abnormalities (DDx) 502t Hemiplegia/hemiparesis, neurological

abnormalities (DDx) 495t Hemophagocytosis

(erythrophagocytosis), RBC abnormalities (DDx) 497t

Hemophilus aphrophilus 225t Hemophilus ducreyi

chancroid 117 post-exposure prophylaxis 360t Hemophilus influenzae 225t

acute bacterial exacerbation of

chronic bronchitis 48 acute bacterial meningitis 18 acute otitis media 38 adult immunization 378t brain abscess 27 cellulitis 29 chronic medical prophylaxis 364t community-acquired

pneumonia 50

conjunctivitis 32 endophthalmitis 35 epiglottitis 47 HIV 324 mastoiditis 39 post-exposure prophylaxis 358t preferred prophylaxis 323t sepsis 152 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 431 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 426 Hemophilus parainfluenzae 225t Hemophilus paraphrophilus 225t Hemophilus sp. 72 Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis,

unilateral/bilateral, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 479t Hemorrhagic/necrotizing

pancreatitis 94 Hepatic amebiasis 274 Hepatic echinococcosis

(hydatid cyst disease) 274 Hepatic insufficiency, dosing

strategies in 6t Hepatic surgery, surgical

prophylaxis 356t Hepatitis

acute viral 97t chronic viral 97t, 98t CMV 99 organ transplants 166 EBV 99 granulomatous (BCG) 96

hepatitis A (HAV)

adult immunization 378t prophylaxis in HIV 319 post-exposure prophylaxis 361t prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 366t travel prophylaxis 373t

hepatitis B (HBV)

adult immunization 378t HIV 344 HIV, prophylaxis 319

HIV coinfection 99, 344 post-exposure prophylaxis 361t prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 366t hepatitis C (HCV) 98 HIV 346 post-exposure prophylaxis 361t transplant infections 166 viral 97t, 98t Hepatobiliary route of elimination 5t

Hepatomegaly

abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 486t Hepatosplenic candidiasis 96 Hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal

abnormalities (DDx) 487t Hepsera 530 Herpangina 44, 45 Herpes encephalitis 26 Herpes labialis 44, 45

mouth abnormalities (DDx) 482t Herpes simplex (HSV) 142 genital, HIV 340 skin vesicles/bullae 288

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 449 encephalitis 25 esophagitis 84 herpes gingivostomatitis 44, 45 herpes labialis 44, 45 herpes whitlow 142, 143 keratitis 31, 32 meningitis 21 pneumonia 69

Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2)

chronic medical prophylaxis 364t encephalitis 25 meningitis 21 Herpes whitlow 142, 143 Herpes zoster (VZV) 142, 143 adult immunization 379t encephalitis, 25 pediatric 412 skin vesicles/bullae 288 Heterophyes heterophyes 282

Heterophyiasis 282 HHV-6

encephalitis 25 meningitis 21 pharyngitis 40 transplant infections 162 Hickman/Broviac infection 79, 82 High level (absolute) resistance 2 Hiprex 642

Hip (total) replacement surgery,

surgical prophylaxis 357t Histiocytosis X, cavitary infiltrates

(thin-walled) 473 Histoplasma capsulatum 244t cutaneous histoplasmosis 284, 285 pulmonary histoplasmosis 267, 269

Histoplasmosis

cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 465 meningitis 22

Histoplasmosis, disseminated,

HIV 341 HIVID (zalcitabine) 717 HIV 302 acute infection 304 antiretroviral 312 failure 316, 317t indications 312t initial therapy 315t therapy 313t approach to testing 305 ELISA 305 HIV RNA viral load assays 307 Western blot 305

ART therapy, 313t

CNS opportunistic infection 327 coinfections 344 diagnosis, evaluation, treatment 302 HBV coinfection 97 HCV coinfection . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 initial assessment 308

baseline laboratory testing 309t CD4 count 309, 312t clinical evaluation 308

opportunistic infections

other 338 prophylaxis 319t treatment 323

I-diopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH), bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 456 IDV (indinavir) 625

Imipenem, pediatric dose 419 Imipenem/cilastatin 623 pearls & pitfalls 511 susceptibility profiles 198t

Immunizations. (see also Adult immunizations)

purpose of 378 travel vaccines in HIV 323

Immunoblasts, WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 496t Impetigo 132 pediatric 411

Indian (Bihar state) visceral

leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) 275 Indinavir (IDV) 625 Infective endocarditis (IE)

prophylaxis, indications for 369t Influenza

adult immunization 379t avian 62 bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 448 HIV, prophylaxis 319, 322 pneumonia 66 seasonal (types A/B) 62 post-exposure prophylaxis 358t, 359t

prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 366t Influenza A

clinical presentations in adults 63 community-acquired pneumonia 51, 52 with S. aureus (MSSA/MRSA) CAP . . . 65 sepsis 152

Influenza B, community-acquired pneumonia 52

Infraclavicular adenopathy, lymph

node abnormalities (DDx) 488t Inguinal adenopathy, unilateral/

bilateral, lymph node abnormalities (DDx) 489t

INH 628 Intelence (etravirine) 612 Interferon, HIV/HCV co-infection,

adverse effects 349t

Intermediate level (relative)

resistance 2 Intestinal

cestodes 281 nematodes 278 protozoa 276 trematodes 282

Intestines, parasites, fungi, unusual organisms in 276

Intraabdominal abscess 100 Intracellular inclusion bodies in

blood 258 Intrarenal abscess 109 Invanz 608 Invirase (saquinavir) 687 In vitro data, microbiology

susceptibility testing limitations 7 In vitro susceptibility testing

antibiotic-organism combinations, not predictive of in vivo

effectiveness 7t factors dependent on 7 In vitro vs. In vivo susceptibility . . . . . . 7 Iodoquinol, pediatric dose 419 Iritis, eye abnormalities (DDx) 479t Isavuconazole . . . . . . . . . . . . .626 Ischemic foot ulcers 139 Ischiorectal abscess 151 Isentress (raltegravir) 678 Isoniazid 628 pediatric dose 419 Isospora, chronic watery diarrhea 90 Isospora belli 276 HIV 335 Isosporiasis 277 Israeli spotted fever 294 Itraconazole 629

IV drug abusers, acute bacterial endocarditis 75

IV line infections 81 pediatric 402 IV to PO switch therapy 10

J-apanese encephalitis (JE) 25 travel prophylaxis 374t

Jaundice, general appearance abnormalities (DDx) 477t

Jock itch 149 Joint infections, empiric therapy 121 Joint prosthesis, infected 128 Jugular vein tenderness, neck

abnormalities (DDx) 483t

K-ala-azar 275 Kaletra [Lopinavir (LPV) +

Ritonavir (RPV)] 639 Kaposi‘s sarcoma, HIV infection 302 Keflex 575 Kefurox 574 Kefzol 557 Keratitis 31

amebic 32 bacterial 31 eye abnormalities (DDx) 480t HSV 340 viral, HSV-1 31

Ketek 694 Ketoconazole 631 Kingella kingae 225t endocarditis 72 Klebsiella 225t cholangitis 93 cholecystitis 92 gallbladder wall abscess 93 sepsis 152 surgical prophylaxis 355t urosepsis 112

Klebsiella (Calymmatobacterium) granulomatosis, granuloma

inguinale 118 Klebsiella oxytoca 225 Klebsiella ozaenae,

rhinoscleromatis 226 Klebsiella pneumoniae 225 acute bacterial meningitis 19 alcoholics 66 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 463 cellulitis 133 community-acquired pneumonia 50 decubitus ulcers 137

diabetic foot ulcers 138 lung abscess/empyema 67 osteomyelitis 130 pneumonia 67 sepsis 152 skin abscesses/infected cysts 141 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 431 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 427 Knee (total) replacement surgery,

surgical prophylaxis 357t

L-acrimal gland enlargement, head abnormalities (DDx) 478t

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), elevated, serum test

abnormalities (DDx) 499t Lactate 500t serum 500t CSF 506t Lactobacillus sp. 239

Lamisil 697

Lamivudine 632 Lamivudine + zidovudine

(Combivir) 633 Lassa fever 178 post-exposure prophylaxis 363t LCM, meningitis 21 Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir 98t, 346t Leflunomide 634

Left upper abdominal quadrant tenderness (splenic tenderness), abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 486t

Leg edema, unilateral/bilateral, extremity abnormalities

(DDx) 491t Legionnaire's disease 56, 59t Legionella sp. 226t bilateral infiltrates with effusion 458

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 451

community-acquired pneumonia 51 endocarditis 72 organ transplants 167 transplant infections 165

unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 433 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 427 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates with

effusion 444 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 437 Leg lesions, nodular, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Leg lesions, verrucous, extremity

abnormality (DDx) 491t Leg nodules, painful, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Leg ulcers, extremity abnormality

(DDx) 491t Leishmania braziliensis 283 Leishmania donovani, visceral

leishmaniasis 275 Leishmania major 283 Leishmania mexicana 283 Leishmaniasis

cutaneous (Old World/

New World) 283 visceral (Kala-azar) 275 Leishmania tropica 283 Lemierre‘s syndrome 46, 47

Lens implant, infected,

endophthalmitis 35 Leprosy 283 Leptospira interrogans 226t Leptospirosis 97 Leptospirosis, meningitis 22 Leuconostoc 213t Leukocyte esterase, urinary

abnormalities (DDx) 502t Leukocytosis, WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 495t Leukopenia, WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 495t Leukoplakia, mouth abnormalities

(DDx) 482t Leukostasis, bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 456

Levaquin 635

Levofloxacin 635 pearls & pitfalls 515 susceptibility profiles 198t Lexiva (fosamprenavir) 616

Lice infestations, body, head,

pubic 150 Linezolid 637 pearls & pitfalls 517 susceptibility profiles 198t pediatric dose 419

Liposomal/lipid complex,

pediatric dose 419 Listeria, transplant infections 164 Listeria encephalitis 26 Listeria monocytogenes 217t acute bacterial meningitis 18 encephalitis 25

Liver

abscess 95 cystic masses 274 hepatomegaly 275 parasites, fungi, unusual

organisms in 273 Liver flukes 273 Liver test abnormalities (DDx)

alkaline phosphatase (AP),

elevation 500t GGT (GGTP), elevation 500t serum transaminases

(SGOT/SGPT), elevation 500t total bilirubin, elevation 500t

Liver transplants, transplant

prophylaxis (BMT/SOT) 368t Lizard skin, general appearance

abnormalities (DDx) 477t Loa Loa (Loiasis) 256 Loeffler‘s syndrome, bilateral

infiltrates without effusion 454 Lopinavir + ritonavir (Kaletra) 639 Lorabid 641 Loracarbef 641 pearls & pitfalls 511 susceptibility profiles 192t Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) 257 LPV/RTV (Kaletra) 639

Ludwig‘s angina 45 Lung contusion

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 454 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 440 Lung fluke. see Paragonimus

westermani

Lungs, parasites, fungi, unusual

organisms in 265 Lyme arthritis 127 Lyme disease, post-exposure

prophylaxis 361t Lymphadenopathy, generalized,

lymph node abnormalities

(DDx) 489t Lymphangitic metastases

bilateral infiltrates with effusion 462 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

with effusion 444 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 440 Lymphangitis 132 extremity abnormalities (DDx) 490t

Lymph node abnormalities (DDx)

anterior cervical adenopathy 488t axillary adenopathy 488t epitrochlear adenopathy 488t generalized lymphadenopathy 489t infraclavicular adenopathy 488t inguinal adenopathy,

unilateral/bilateral 489t occipital adenopathy 488t periumbilical nodule 488t posterior cervical adenopathy,

unilateral/bilateral 488t preauricular adenopathy 488t supraclavicular adenopathy 488t ulcer-node syndromes 488t

Lymphocytes, pleural fluid

abnormalities (DDx) 504t Lymphocytosis, WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 495t Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) 118 Lymphoma

bilateral infiltrates with effusion 462

bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 455 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 468 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 435 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 429 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

with effusion 445 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 441

M-acrobid 657 Macrodantin 657 Macrolides

pearls & pitfalls 518 susceptibility profiles 186t Malaria (worldwide) 259 prophylaxis 375t severe 258 uncomplicated 259 Malarone 548 Malassezia furfur 244t eosinophilic folliculitis 297 tinea versicolor/pityriasis 148 Mandelamine 645 Mandol 557 Maraviroc (MVC) 642 Marburg virus disease 178

Mass lesions, organ

transplants 167 Mastitis 133 Mastoiditis 39 pediatric 394

Maxillary sinus, acute bacterial

sinusitis 30 Maxipime 560 MDR

acute bacterial meningitis 19 community-acquired pneumonia 54 pneumonia 69

MDR acinetobacter, catheter-

associated bacteriuria 104 MDR GNBs, bacterial cystitis 103

MDR Klebsiella, catheter-associated bacteriuria 104

MDROs. (see Multi-drug resistant organisms)

MDR P. aeruginosa, catheter-

associated bacteriuria 104 MDRSP, acute otitis media 38 MDR-TB 53 Measles

adult immunization 380t bilateral infiltrates with effusion 459

Measles, mumps, rubella,

prophylaxis 322 Mediastinitis 49 Mediterranean spotted fever 294 Mefoxin 565 Melioidosis, cavitary infiltrates

(thick-walled) 466 Membranous pharyngitis 41 Meningitis

acute bacterial

CNS shunt infections 21 elderly 20 empiric therapy 18 malignancy 20 normal host 20 pediatric 387

acute non-bacterial 21 amebic

granulomatous 23 primary 23 aseptic/viral 23 chronic 21 cryptococcal 24

HIV 329

EVD associated ABM 506t organ transplants 167 post-exposure prophylaxis 358t transplant infections 164 tuberculosis 24 viral 23

Meningococcal meningitis, travel prophylaxis 373t

Meningococcus (invasive disease),

adult immunization 380t Mental confusion, neurological

abnormalities (DDx) 493t Mepron 548 Meronem 643 Meropenem 645 pearls & pitfalls 511 susceptibility profiles 198t pediatric dose 419

MERS (Middle East Respiratory

Syndrome) 62 Metagonimus yokogawai,

heterophyiasis 282 Metastatic carcinoma

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 455

cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 469 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

with effusion 447 Methenamine hippurate 645 Methenamine mandelate 645 Metronidazole 645 pearls & pitfalls 518 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 419 Mezlin 647 Mezlocillin 647 Micafungin 648

Microbiology susceptibility

testing 5 limitations of 6 overview 5 Microfilaria in blood 254 Microsporidia enteritis, HIV 335

Microsporum canis, tinea corporis 147

Migratory rashes, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Miliary (disseminated) BCG 158 Miliary TB 158 Minocin 649 Minocycline 649

pearls & pitfalls 512 susceptibility profiles 186t

Mixed aerobic/anaerobic deep

soft tissue infection 135 Mobiluncus 115 Mode of elimination, explanation 522 Monobactams, pearls & pitfalls 511 Monoclonal gammopathy, serum test

abnormalities (DDx) 499t Monocytosis, WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 496t Mononeuritis multiplex, neurological

abnormalities (DDx) 494t Monospot test (false+) (DDx) 499t Monotherapy vs. combination

therapy 9 Monurol 619 Moraxella catarrhalis 227

acute bacterial exacerbation of

chronic bronchitis 48 acute otitis media 38 community-acquired pneumonia 49 conjunctivitis 32 keratitis 31 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 427 Morganella morganii 227 Morning temperature spikes, fever

curves (DDx) 475t Mouth abnormalities (DDx)

angular chelitis 482t crimson crescents 483t frenal ulcer 482t gingivitis 482t herpes labialis 482t hoarseness 483t leukoplakia 482t oral ulcers, solitary/multiple 482t palatal perforation 483t palatal petechiae 482t palatal vesicles 483t tongue tenderness 482t tongue ulcers 482t tonsillar membranes 483t tonsillar ulcers 483t trismus 482t uvular edema 483t

Mouth ulcers/vesicles 44 Moxifloxacin 650 pearls & pitfalls 515 susceptibility profiles 198t

MRSA. see Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

MSSA, brain abscess 27 Mucocutaneous (local/non-disseminated) candidiasis 147

Mucor

cutaneous zygomycosis 290 pulmonary zygomycosis 269 Mucormycosis 269

Mumps

adult immunization 380t meningitis 21 Murine (flea-borne) typhus 294

Muscle rigidity, general, neurological abnormalities (DDx) 493t

Muscles

parasites, fungi, unusual

organisms in 283 tenderness in, extremity

abnormality (DDx) 491t MVC (maraviroc) 642 Myambutol 611 Mycamine 648 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

(MAI) community-acquired

pneumonia 53 cutaneous 285 HIV/AIDS 342 prophylaxis 319 pneumonia 66

prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 366t Mycobacterium chelonae,

cutaneous 287 Mycobacterium fortuitum,

cutaneous 287 Mycobacterium genitalium,

post-exposure prophylaxis 360t Mycobacterium haemophilum 287 cutaneous 287 Mycobacterium hominis 115

Mycobacterium kansasii pneumonia 53 Mycobacterium leprae, leprosy 283 Mycobacterium marinum, swimming

pool granuloma 287 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum,

scrofula 286 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)

atypical, cavitary infiltrates

(thin-walled) 470 bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 450 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 465 chronic pyelonephritis 108 chronic tuberculosis peritonitis 102 community-acquired pneumonia 53 cutaneous mycobacteria 285 endophthalmitis 35 epididymitis 106 HIV

extrapulmonary 339 prophylaxis 319 MDR-TB 53 meningitis 22 miliary tuberculosis 155 organ transplants 167 pediatric 400 pericarditis 78 pneumonia 66 HIV 321 post-exposure prophylaxis 359t

prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 366t renal TB 108 transplant infections 165 tuberculosis arthritis 123 tuberculosis osteomyelitis 131 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 432 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

with effusion 443 Mycobacterium ulcerans, Buruli ulcer 287 Mycobutin 681

Mycoplasma encephalitis 26 Mycoplasma genitalium, urethritis/

cervicitis 115 Mycoplasma pharyngitis 42 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 57 community-acquired pneumonia 49 encephalitis 25 pharyngitis 41 pneumonia 57

unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 436 Myocarditis 78 Myoglobinuria (2º to rhabdomyolysis),

urinary abnormalities (DDx) 503t Myositis 298

N-meninstititis, conjunctivitis 32 Naegleria fowleri, meningitis 21 Nafcillin 652 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 420 Nails, fungal infections 147

Nasal abnormalities (DDx)

epistaxis 481t nasal septal perforation 481t nose tip gangrene 481t purple nose tip 481t

Nasal septal perforation, nasal abnormalities (DDx) 481t

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

see Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

Naturally/intrinsically resistant

pathogens 2 Nebcin 705 NebuPent 666 Necator americanus, hookworm 278 Neck abnormalities (DDx)

bull neck 483t enlarged greater auricular

nerve 483t jugular vein tenderness 483t neck sinus tract 483t superior vena cava syndrome 483t

Neck infections, deep 46 Neck sinus tract, neck abnormalities

(DDx) 483t Necrotizing abscesses 135 Necrotizing fasciitis 134 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) 187 cervicitis 114 conjunctivitis 32 endometritis 113 PID 113 post-exposure prophylaxis 360t salpingitis 113 septic abortion 113 septic arthritis 122 tuboovarian abscess 113 urethritis 114 Neisseria meningitidis 187t, 214t acute bacterial meningitis 18 chronic medical prophylaxis 364t post-exposure prophylaxis 358t sepsis 155 travel prophylaxis 373t Nelfinavir (NFV) 653

Nematodes (roundworms),

intestinal 278 Neonatal Group B streptococcal

(GBS) infection (primary prevention), chronic medical prophylaxis 365t

Nephrotic syndrome, general

appearance abnormalities (DDx) 476t Neuroborreliosis, meningitis 24 Neurobrucellosis 22 Neurocysticercosis 262 meningitis 22

Neurological abnormalities (DDx) anisocoria 494t Bell‘s palsy 494t cranial nerve abnormalities,

unilateral/bilateral 494t flaccid paralysis (acute) 494t general muscle rigidity 493t Guillain-Barré syndrome 494t hemiplegia/hemiparesis 495t mental confusion/encephalopathy

(acute) 493t

mononeuritis multiplex 494t nuchal rigidity 493t optic nerve atrophy 494t papilledema 494t transient deafness 493t transverse myelitis 494t

Neurosyphilis 119, 120 Nevirapine (NVP) 654 NFV (nelfinavir) 653 Nitazoxanide 656 Nitrite positive, urinary

abnormalities (DDx) 502t Nitrofurantoin 657 pearls & pitfalls 516 susceptibility profiles 198t Nizoral 631 Nocardia asteroides 217t pulmonary nocardiosis 271 Nocardia brasiliensis 217t Nocardia sp. 188t cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 466 cerebral nocardiosis 261 cutaneous nocardiosis 284 transplant infections 164

unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

with effusion 443 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 438 Nocardiosis, cutaneous 284, 286 Nodular arm/leg lesions, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Nodular lymphangitis, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t Nodular/pustular candidiasis 290 Nodules, skin 289 Non-aeruginosa Pseudomonas,

urosepsis 112 Non-cholera vibrios, travel prophylaxis 372t Non-fermentative GNBs,

CAPD-associated peritonitis 101 Non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU),

post-exposure prophylaxis 360t Norvir (ritonavir) 686 Norwalk virus, travel prophylaxis 372t

Nose tip gangrene, nasal

abnormalities (DDx) 481t Nosocomial pneumonia, bilateral

infiltrates without effusion 452 Nosocomial pneumonia (NP), 68 Noxafil 672 Nuchal rigidity, neurological

abnormalities (DDx) 493t Nuritionally-variant streptococci (NVS),

endocarditis 71 Nursing home-acquired pneumonia

(NHAP) 68 NVP (nevirapine) 654 Nystatin, pediatric dose 420

O-ccipital adenopathy, lymph node abnormalities (DDx) 488t

Ochrobactrum anthropi

(CDC group Vd) 227t Oflox 658 Ofloxacin 658 pearls & pitfalls 515 susceptibility profiles 198t Olysio 98t, 346t Omnicef 558

Onchocerca volvulus, cutaneous onchorcerciasis 290, 294

Onchocerciasis, cutaneous 290 Onychomycosis 148 OPAT 11 Opisthorchiasis 273, 274 Opisthorchis viverrini 273 Opportunistic infections.

see HIV infection

Optic nerve atrophy, neurological abnormalities (DDx) 494t

Oral anaerobes 49 brain abscess 27 community-acquired pneumonia 53 deep neck infections 46 dental infections 46 gastric perforation 85 human bite wounds 144, 411 lung abscess/empyema 67 mastoiditis 39 suppurative parotitis 40

Oral anti-pseudomonal penicillins,

pearls & pitfalls 509 Oral anti-staphylococcal penicillins,

pearls & pitfalls 509 Oral first-generation cephalosporins,

pearls & pitfalls 509 Oral second-generation cephalosporins

pearls & pitfalls 510 Oral third-generation cephalosporins

pearls & pitfalls 511 Oral ulcers, solitary/multiple, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 482t Orbactiv 659 Orbital cellulitis, pediatric 391 Organ transplants

bacteremia or candidemia 160 bone marrow 160 brain abscess/mass lesion 164 encephalitis/meningitis 164 hepatitis, viral 166 infections 160 pneumonias 165 solid organ 161

Oritavancin 659 pearls & pitfalls 519 susceptibility profiles 198t Oritavancin (Orbactiv) . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Oropharyngeal candidiasis,

HIV 336 Orthopedic prosthetic implant

surgery, surgical prophylaxis 357t Orthopedic surgery (open fracture),

surgical prophylaxis 357t Oseltemavir 660 Osteochondritis, pediatric 409 Osteomyelitis 129 acute, pediatric 409 chronic 130, 139 Otitis externa 37 pediatric 393

Otitis media

acute 38 pediatric 393 Oxacillin 661 pediatric dose 420

P-cepacia, surgical prophylaxis 357t P. maltophilia, surgical

prophylaxis 357t Pacemaker infections 79, 82 Painless purple palm/sole lesions,

extremity abnormalities (DDx) 490t Palatal perforation, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 483t Palatal petechiae, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 482t Palatal vesicles, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 483t Palm lesions, painless, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t Palm rashes, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Palpable purpura, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Pancreas transplants, transplant

prophylaxis (BMT/SOT) 368t Pancreatic abscess 95 Pancreatic pseudocyst, infected 95 Pancreatitis

acute 94 edematous 94 hemorrhagic/necrotizing 94

Pancytopenia, platelet

abnormalities (DDx) 498t Papilledema, neurological

abnormalities (DDx) 494t Papular axillary lesions, extremity

abnormality (DDx) 491t Papules, skin 289 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,

pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis 267 Paragonimiasis, cavitary infiltrates

(thin-walled) 471 Paragonimus westermani

cerebral paragonimiasis

(lung fluke) 262 pulmonary paragonimiasis 265

Parenteral first-generation cephalosporins pearls & pitfalls 509

Parenteral second-generation cephalosporins

pearls & pitfalls 510 Parenteral third-generation cephalosporins pearls & pitfalls 510 Parenteral fourth-generation cephalosporins pearls & pitfalls 511

Paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir/ dasabuvir 98, 346t

Parotid enlargement, head

abnormalities (DDx) 478t Parotitis, suppurative 40 Parvo B19, meningitis 21 Pasteurella multocida 227t animal bite wounds 144 septic arthritis 123

PCP

HIV, prophylaxis 319t prophylaxis in opportunistic

infections 366t Peak serum levels, explanation 521 Pediatric infectious diseases 386 bone and joint 407 CNS 387 dosing 414 gastrointestinal 403 HEENT 391 lower respiratory 396 skin and soft tissue 411 vascular 402

Pediculus humanus var. capitis,

head lice 150 Pediculus humanus var. corporis,

body lice 150 Pegasys 662 Peg-Intron 663 Pegylated interferon

alfa-2a 662 alfa-2b 663 Peliosis hepatitis 291 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 113

Pelvic (OB/GYN) surgery,

surgical prophylaxis 356t Pelvic peritonitis/abscess 100, 101

Penicillin G 664 pediatric dose 420

Penicillin

pearls & pitfalls 508 susceptibility profiles 186t Penicillin V 665 pediatric dose 421 Penicillium, cutaneous 289, 292 Penicillium marneffei 245t cutaneous penicillium 289 Pentam 300 666 Pentamidine 666 Peptic ulcer disease 85 Peptococcus 236t Peptostreptococcus 236t Peramivir 668 Perianal warts 118

Pericardial effusion, heart

abnormalities (DDx) 485t Pericarditis 78 Periorbital cellulitis 29 pediatric 391

Periorbital edema, unilateral/bilateral,

eye abnormalities (DDx) 479t Peripheral vascular disease (PVD),

non-diabetics with, osteomyelitis 132 Perirectal abscess 151 Perirectal fistula, genitourinary

abnormalities (DDx) 489t Perirectal ulcer, genitourinary

abnormalities (DDx) 489t Peritonitis

CAPD-associated 101, 102 chronic tuberculosis 101, 102 spontaneous bacterial 101, 102

Periumbilical nodule, lymph node abnormalities (DDx) 488t

Periumbilical purpura (thumbprint sign), abdominal

abnormalities (DDx) 486t Persistent fevers, antibiotics for 15 Pertussis 56 adult immunization 380t community-acquired pneumonia 56 pediatric 399

post-exposure prophylaxis 359t travel prophylaxis 375t

pH

pleural fluid 503t urinary 502t Pharyngitis 40 bacterial 40 membranous 40 other 41 pediatric 395 viral 40 Phegmons 134, 136

Phialophora verrucosa,

chromomycosis 289 Phthirus pubis, pubic lice 150, 151 Pilonidal cysts, infected 141, 142 Pinworms 279, 280 Piperacillin 669

pearls & pitfalls 512 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 421 Piperacillin/tazobactam 669 pearls & pitfalls 512 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 421 Pipracil 669

Plague

pneumonic 176 bioterrorist 174 post-exposure prophylaxis 363t

Plantar hyperkeratoses, extremity abnormalities (DDx) 493t

Plasma protein binding,

explanation 522 Plasmodium falciparum,

malaria 259

Plasmodium knowlesi, malaria 259 Plasmodium malariae, malaria 259 Plasmodium ovale, malaria 259 Plasmodium vivax, malaria 259 Platelet abnormalities (DDx)

pancytopenia 498t thrombocytopenia 498t thrombocytosis 498t

Plesiomonas, travel

prophylaxis 372t Plesiomonas shigelloides 228t Pleural effusion profiles in various

diseases (DDx)

eosinophils 504 glucose 504 RBCs (DDx) 504 WBCs (DDx) 504

Pleural fluid abnormalities (DDx)

amylase 504t blood 503t brown 503t extracellular debris 504t glucose, decreased 504t lymphocytes 504t other 505t pH 503t PMNs 504t protein 504t rheumatoid factor (RF) 505t yellow-green 503t yellow-whitish 503t

Pneumatoceles, cavitary infiltrates (thin-walled) 471

Pneumococcus, adult

immunization 381t Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

pneumonia (PCP) bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 450 community-acquired pneumonia 55 HIV 325

Pneumonia

alcoholics 54 Aspergillus 55 aspiration 53

unilateral focal segmental/lobar infiltrate without effusion 430

unilateral ill-defined infiltrates without effusion 439

atypical pathogens, non-zoonotic 51 atypical pathogens, zoonotic 51 bacterial pathogens 50

bronchiectasis 54 chickenpox 52 chronic steroid use 55 community-acquired 49 pediatric 396 cystic fibrosis 54

HIV

Aspergillus 323 bacterial 324 CAP 65 M. tuberculosis 326 P. (carinii) jiroveci (PCP) 302

hospital-acquired (HAP) 68 influenza 62 MERS 62 M. avium-intracellulare (MAI) 66 M. kansasii 66 M. pneumoniae 57 MSSA/MRSA 64t, 65 M. tuberculosis (TB) 66 non-zoonotic atypical,

diagnostic features 59 nosocomial (NP) 68 nursing home-acquired (NHAP) 68 organ transplants 67 SARS 62 S. aureus 64t, 65 transplant infections 165 tuberculosis 53 unknown pathogen 49 ventilator-associated (VAP) 69 zoonotic atypical 60

Pneumonic plague 174, 176 post-exposure prophylaxis 363t

Pneumothorax, spontaneous,

chest abnormalities (DDx) 484t Polymox 533 Polymyxin B 671 Polymyxin B/Colistin

pearls & pitfalls 520 susceptibility profiles 198t Pork tapeworm 281 Posaconazole 672

Positive blood cultures vs. bacteremia (MSSA, MRSA, CoNS) 13t

Posterior cervical adenopathy, unilateral/bilateral, lymph node abnormalities (DDx) 488t

Post-exposure prophylaxis 385t anthrax (inhalation/cutaneous) 363t avian influenza 359t chancroid 360t diphtheria 359t gonorrhea 360t hepatitis A (HAV) 361t hepatitis B (HBV) 361t hepatitis C (HCV) 361t Lyme disease 361t meningitis 358t non-gonoccocal urethritis (NGU) 360t pertussis 359t pneumonic plague 363t rabies 362t Rocky Mountain spotted fever 361t smallpox 363t swine influenza 359t syphilis 360t tuberculosis 359t tularemia pneumonia 363t varicella (chickenpox) 360t viral hemorrhagic fever 363t viral influenza 358t zoonotic diseases

(plague, anthrax) 362t Preauricular adenopathy, lymph node

abnormalities (DDx) 488t Pregnancy

asymptomatic bacteriuria in 364t safety in 523 Prevotella sp. 240t Prezista (darunavir) 591 Primaquine 674

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) 23

Primaxin 623 Procalcitonin levels (PCT), elevated,

serum test abnormalities (DDx) 499t Progressive multifocal

encephalopathy (PML), HIV 330 Proloprim 707

Prophylaxis, antibiotic

chronic medical 364t endocarditis 369t HIV

opportunistic infections 366t pre-exposure (PrEP) 366t post-exposure 366t malaria 375t post-exposure 358t surgical 354t tetanus 377t transplant (BMT/SOT) 367t travel 371t Propionibacterium acnes 239t Prostaphlin 661

Prostate enlargement/tenderness, genitourinary abnormalities (DDx) 489t

Prostatic abscess 110 Prostatitis 110 Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) 76 Protein, elevation, pleural fluid

abnormalities (DDx) 504t Proteinuria, urinary

abnormalities (DDx) 502t Proteus mirabilis, vulgaris 228t cellulitis 133 decubitus ulcers 137 diabetic foot ulcers 138 osteomyelitis 130 skin abscesses/infected cysts 141 Prototheca, cutaneous 289, 292

Prototheca wikermanii,

cutaneous prototheca 289 Protozoa, intestinal 276 Providencia sp. 229t Pseudallescheria boydii, pulmonary

pseudallescheriasis 269

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 229t acute bacterial meningitis 18 bone marrow transplant infection 160 brain abscess 27 burn wounds 145 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 464 community-acquired pneumonia 54 endocarditis 75

epididymitis 106 external otitis 37 febrile neutropenia 158 HIV infection 324 keratitis 31 mastoiditis 39 pneumonia, nosocomial 68 sepsis 152 septic arthritis 122 surgical prophylaxis 357t urosepsis 112

Pseudomonas (Chryseomonas)

luteola (CDC group Ve-1) 229t Pseudomonas (Flavimonas)

oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2) 230t Psittacosis

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 451

unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 428 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 438 Pubic lice 150, 151 Pulmonary actinomycosis 268, 270 Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP),

bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 457 Pulmonary amebiasis 265 Pulmonary aspergillosis 268 Pulmonary blastomycosis 267, 269 Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis 268, 271 Pulmonary coin lesions 266 Pulmonary cryptococcosis 269, 272 Pulmonary cystic lesions/masses 265 Pulmonary embolus/infarct

unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 434 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 429 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates with

effusion 445 Pulmonary hemorrhage

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 453 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 442

Pulmonary histoplasmosis 267, 269 Pulmonary infiltrates/mass lesions 267 Pulmonary nocardiosis 268 Pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis

(South American blastomycosis) 267 Pulmonary pseudallescheriasis 269 Pulmonary sporotrichosis 268 Pulmonary zygomycosis

(mucor-mycosis) 269 Purple nodules, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Purple nose tip, nasal

abnormalities (DDx) 481t Purulent CSF with negative

gram stain, CSF

abnormalities (DDx) 505t Pyelonephritis

acute 107 chronic 108

Pyodermas abscesses, severe,

pediatric 411 Pyogenic lung abscess, cavitary

infiltrates (thick-walled) 463 Pyomyositis 136 Pyrazinamide 675 pediatric dose 421 Pyrimethamine 676 Pyuria, urinary abnormalities (DDx) 508t PZA 675

Q-fever

bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 452 community-acquired pneumonia 51 endocarditis 72 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 428 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 438 zoonotic atypical pneumonia 61 Quinine sulfate 676

Quinolones

pearls & pitfalls 516 susceptibility profiles 198t

Quinupristin/dalfopristin 677 pearls & pitfalls 517 susceptibility profiles 198t pediatric dose 421

R-rickettsia, post-exposure

prophylaxis 361t Rabies

post-exposure

prophylaxis 362t travel prophylaxis 374t

Radiation pneumonitis, unilateral focal segmental/lobar infiltrate

with effusion 435 RAL (raltegravir) 678 Raltegravir (RAL) 678 Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs),

negative, swine influenza

pneumonia in hospitalized adults 64 Rapivab 668 Rash

below waist, general appearance abnormalities (DDx) 477t

migratory, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t palms/soles, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Rat bite fever (Streptobacillus

monilaformis, spirillum minus) 257 RBC abnormalities (DDx)

anemia (acute) 497t hemophagocytosis

(erythrophagocytosis) 497t Howell-Jolly bodies 497t RBC inclusions 497t schistocytes (microangiopathic

hemolytic anemia) 497t spherocytes 497t target cells 497t

RBC inclusions, RBC

abnormalities (DDx) 497t RBCs in CSF, CSF

abnormalities (DDx) 505t RBCs (per mm3), pleural

effusion profiles in various

diseases (DDx) 504t

Rebetol 680 Relapsing fever (B, recurrentis),

louse-borne and tick-borne 257, 234t Relative bradycardia

defined 14 fever curves (DDx) 475t temperature-pulse relationships 14t

Relative lymphocytosis,

WBC abnormalities (DDx), 495t Relative lymphopenia,

WBC abnormalities (DDx) 495t Relative tachycardia,

fever curves (DDx) 475t Renal abscess 109 intrarenal/perinephric 109

Renal failure, chronic bilateral infiltrates with

effusion 460 bilateral infiltrates without

effusion 454 Renal insufficiency,

dosing strategies in 4, 5t Renal route of elimination 5t Renal TB 108 Rescriptor (delavirdine) 593 Resistance, antibiotic 2, 207 Respiratory tract infections,

lower, empiric therapy 48 Respiratory viruses

epiglottitis 47 pharyngitis 40

Retinitis. see Chorioretinitis

Retrovir (zidovudine) 718 Reyataz (atazanavir) 546 Rheumatic test abnormalities (DDx)

angiotensin-converting enzyme

levels (ACE), elevated 501t anti-nuclear antibody titers (ANA),

elevated 501t anti-smooth muscle antibodies

(ASM), elevated 501t c-ANCA, elevated 501t double stranded DNA (DS-DNA),

elevated 501t rheumatoid factors (RF),

elevated 501t

Rheumatoid factor (RF) elevation, rheumatic test

abnormalities (DDx) 501t pleural fluid abnormalities (DDx) 505t

Rheumatoid nodules, cavitary

infiltrates (thick-walled) 469 Rhizopus

cutaneous zygomycosis 290 pulmonary zygomycosis 269 Rhodococcus equi 217 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 470

unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 434 Ribavirin 680 Rickettsia africae 294 Rickettsia akari 294 Rickettsia conorii 294 Rickettsialpox 294 Rickettsia parkeri 294 Rickettsia prowazekii 294 Rickettsia ricketsii (tick borne), Rocky

Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) 294 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 294 Rickettsia typhi 294 Rifabutin 681 Rifadin 682 Rifampin 682

pediatric dose 421 Rifapentine 359 Right lower quadrant tenderness,

abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 486t Right upper quadrant mass,

abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 486t Right upper quadrant tenderness,

abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 486t Right upper quadrant tympany,

abdominal abnormalities (DDx) 486t Rilpivirine (RPV) 684 Rimactane 682 Rimantadine 685 Ringworm

body 147 scalp 147

Ritonavir (RTV) 686 Rocephin 572 Rocky Mountain spotted

fever (RMSF) 294 post-exposure prophylaxis 361t

Rose spots, abdominal

abnormalities (DDx) 485t Rotavirus, travel prophylaxis 372t Roundworms, intestinal 278 Routes of elimination

(Renal and hepatic) 5 RPV (rilpivirine) 684 RSV

bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 449 transplant infections 163t RTV (ritonavir) 686 Rubella, adult immunization 381t

S-agalactiae, bacterial cystitis 103 Safety in pregnancy,

explanation 523 Safety profile, antibiotics 4 Salmonella sp. 230 septic arthritis 125 travel prophylaxis 372t typhi, non-typhi 230t HIV/AIDS 337 typhi, travel prophylaxis 373t

typhi/paratyphi, typhoid

(enteric) fever 88 Vibrio sp. infectious diarrhea 86 Salpingitis 113 Saltwater wounds 145 Saquinavir (SQV) 687

Sarcoidosis

bilateral infiltrates with effusion 461

bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 454 Sarcoptes scabiei, scabies 150 SARS 62

bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 449 S aureus (MSSA/MRSA) pneumonia . . . 65

Septic pulmonary emboli, cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 465

Septic shock 151 Septic thrombophlebitis 82 Septra 707 Sequestered lung,

cavitary infiltrates (thin-walled) 473 Seromycin 586 Serpiginous lesions,

subcutaneous 288 Serratia marcescens 230 acute bacterial meningitis 19 endocarditis 75 pneumonia 68 sepsis 152 urosepsis 112

Serum half-life (normal/ESRD),

explanation 522 Serum test abnormalities (DDx)

elevated cold agglutinins 499t elevated ferritin levels,

(acute/chronic) 499t erythrocyte sedimentation

rate (ESR) 498t lactate dehydrogenase

(LDH) 499t monoclonal gammopathy 499t monospot (false +) 499t procalcitonin levels (PCT) 499t SPEP (monoclonal, polyclonal

gammopathy) 498t Serum transaminases

(SGOT/SGPT),

liver test abnormalities (DDx) 500t Severe acute respiratory syndrome

(SARS) 62 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

empiric therapy 114 Shigella sp. 231 dysentery 91 HIV 338 travel prophylaxis 372t Shingles 142

Shin hyperpigmentation, extremity abnormalities (DDx) 492t

Shock, general appearance

abnormalities (DDx) 476t Shoulder tenderness, chest

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Shunt infections, CNS,

acute bacterial meningitis 21 Side effects, adverse/Simeprevir 523 Simeprevir 98t, 346t Single fever spikes, fever

curves (DDx) 475t Sinusitis

acute bacterial 30 chronic bacterial 31 pediatric 392 Sirturo 53 Sivextro 691

Skin

boils 140 fungal infections 147 infections, empiric therapy 132 infestations (body lice,

head lice, pubic lice, scabies) 150 other lesions 297 papules/nodules/abscesses 289 parasites, fungi,

unusual organisms 283 pustules 140 rickettsia 294 subcutaneous lesions 283 subcutaneous serpiginous lesions 288 ulcers 137

decubitus ulcers 137 diabetic foot ulcers 138 ischemic foot ulcers 139 ulcers/skin tracts/abscesses 284 vesicles/bullae 142 Sleeping sickness 255 Smallpox 177 bioterrorist 173 post-exposure prophylaxis 363t Sofosbuvir 98, 346

Soft tissue crepitance, general

appearance abnormalities (DDx) 476t

Soft tissue infections,

empiric therapy 132 Sole lesions, painless, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t Sole rashes, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 492t Solid organ transplant

(SOT), transplant infections 161 Sovaldi 98t, 346t Specific gravity, decreased,

urinary abnormalities (DDx) 502t Spectam 689 Spectinomycin 689 Spectracef 559 SPEP (monoclonal, polyclonal

gammopathy), (DDx) 498t Sphenoid sinus, acute

bacterial sinusitis 31 Spherocytes, RBC

abnormalities (DDx) 497t Spinal tenderness, back

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Spirillum minus (rat bite fever) 234t, 257 Spirochetes

aerobic 234t blood 257

Splenomegaly, abdominal

abnormalities (DDx) 487t Splinter hemorrhages, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t Spontaneous bacterial

peritonitis (SBP) 102 Sporanox 629 Sporothrix schenckii

chronic septic arthritis 126 cutaneous sporotrichosis 290 fungal arthritis 123 pulmonary sporotrichosis 268

Sporotrichosis

cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 466 cavitary infiltrates (thin-walled) 471 cutaneous 290 Sputum gram stain, clinical use 248t

Squamous cell carcinoma, cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 468

SQV (saquinavir) 687 St. Louis encephalitis (St.LE) 25 Staphylococcus aureus 208 acute bacterial meningitis 19 animal bite wounds 144 bacteremia vs + blood cultures 13t

bone marrow transplant

infection 160 brain abscess 27 burn wounds 145 CAPD-associated peritonitis 102 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 464 complicated skin/skin

structure tissue infections 134 decubitus ulcers 137 diabetic foot ulcers 138 endocarditis 76 acute bacterial (ABE) 76 prosthetic valve (PVE) 77 endophthalmitis 35 human bite wounds 144 infected joint prosthesis 128 ischemic foot ulcers 139 IV line (CVC) infections 81 keratitis 31 lung abscess/empyema 67 mastoiditis 39 osteomyelitis 129 pacemaker infections 80 pericarditis 78 pneumonia (community acquired) 65 positive BCs vs. bacteremia 13t renal abscess 109 sepsis 151 septic arthritis 121 skin abscesses/infected cysts 140 solid organ transplant 161 suppurative parotitis 40 surgical prophylaxis 355t, 356t, 357t toxic shock syndrome 169 transplant infections 160 vascular graft infections 82 Staphylococcus epidermidis (CoNS) 209t brain abscess 27 CAPD-associated peritonitis 101

CNS shunt infection 19 endocarditis 76 infected joint prosthesis 128 pacemaker infection 80 sepsis 152 surgical prophylaxis 355t

Staphylococcus lugdunensis 209t Staphylococcus saprophyticus 210t cystitis 103 dysuria-pyuria syndrome 103 Stavudine (d4T) 689 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 231t community-acquired pneumonia 54

Sternal tenderness, chest

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Steroid therapy, chronic,

pneumonia 67 Stomach, upper small bowel

surgery, surgical prophylaxis 356t Stomatitis 44 Stool, parasites, fungi,

unusual organisms in 276 Streptobacillus moniliformis 231t septic arthritis 123

Streptococcus anginosus (S. milleri) group (S. intermedius, S. anginosus,

S. constellatus) 213 Streptococcus (bovis)

gallolyticus 213t endocarditis 71

Streptococci. see Group A streptococci; Group

B streptococci; Groups C, F, G streptococci; Nutritionally-variant streptococci (NVS)

deep neck infections 46 dental infections 46 endophthalmitis 35 Streptococcus pneumoniae 213t

acute bacterial exacerbation of

chronic bronchitis (AECB) 48 acute bacterial meningitis 18 acute otitis media 38 adult immunization 381t brain abscess 27

chronic medical prophylaxis 364t CLSI susceptibility breakpoints 8t community-acquired

pneumonia 49 conjunctivitis 32 epiglottitis 47 HIV infection 322t prophylaxis 319

intraabdominal or pelvic peritonitis/abscess 101

keratitis 31 lung abscess/empyema 67 mastoiditis 39 pericarditis 78 prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 319t sepsis 152 susceptibility breakpoints 8 unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate without effusion 426 Streptomycin 690 Stribild [elvitegravir (EVG) + combicistat

(COBI) + emtricitabine (FTC) +

tenofovir (TDF)] 602 Strongyloides, bilateral

infiltrates with effusion 459 Strongyloides stercoralis 278 transplant infections 165 Strongyloidiasis 278

Subacute bacterial

endocarditis (SBE) 70 Subconjunctival hemorrhage, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 479t Subcutaneous serpiginous

lesions 288 Subdural empyema 27 Superior vena cava syndrome,

neck abnormalities (DDx) 483t Suppurating inguinal

adenopathy 118 Suppurative parotitis 40 Suppurative pericarditis 78 Supraclavicular adenopathy,

lymph node

abnormalities (DDx) 488t

Suprax 562 Surgical prophylaxis

arthroscopy 357t biliary tract surgery 355t cardiac valve replacement

surgery 355t CNS shunt (VP/VA) placement,

craniotomy, open CNS

trauma 355t coronary artery bypass

graft (CABG) surgery 355t distal small bowel,

colon surgery 356t factors affecting efficacy of 354t hepatic surgery 356t orthopedic prosthetic implant

surgery (total hip/knee

replacement) 357t orthopedic surgery

(open fracture) 357t pelvic (OB/GYN) surgery 356t stomach, upper small bowel

surgery 356t thoracic (non-cardiac) surgery 355t TURP, cytoscopy 357t urological implant surgery 357t

Surgical therapy,

inadequate, antibiotics and 15 Susceptibility testing

microbiology and 6 in vitro vs. in vivo activity 7 Sustiva 599 Swimmers ear 37 Swimming pool granuloma 285 Swine influenza (H1N1) 65 community-acquired pneumonia 51 post-exposure prophylaxis 359t Symmetrel 531

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), encephalitis 26

Synercid 677 Synergistic gangrene 135 Syphilis 119 latent 120

neurosyphilis 119 post-exposure prophylaxis 360t primary 119 secondary 120 tertiary 120

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) bilateral infiltrates with effusion 460 unilateral ill-defined infiltrates

without effusion 442

T-achycardia, heart abnormalities

(DDx) 485t Taenia multiceps, cerebral

coenurosis 263 Taenia saginata, beef tapeworm 281 Taenia solium, neurocysticercosis 262 Taenia solium, pork tapeworm 281 Tamiflu 660 Tapeworms, intestinal 281 Target cells, RBC

abnormalities (DDx) 497t Tazicef 568 Tazidime 568 Tazocin 669 TB osteomyelitis 132 TDF (tenofovir) 695 Tedizolid 691

pearls & pitfalls 517 susceptibility profiles 198t Teflaro 567

Teichoic acid antibody

titers (TAA) 600t Telavancin 693 pearls & pitfalls 519 susceptibility profiles 198t Telithromycin 694

Temporal muscle wasting, head abnormalities (DDx) 477t

Tender fingertips, extremity

abnormalities (DDx) 490t Tenofovir disoproxil

fumarate 695 Tenosynovitis, extremity

abnormality (DDx) 491t Terbinafine 697

Tetanus 170, 172 adult immunization 381t travel prophylaxis 375t

Tetanus prophylaxis in routine wound management

more than/equal to 3 doses 377t unknown or less than 3 doses 377t Tetracyclines 698 pearls & pitfalls 512 susceptibility profiles 186t

Thigh tenderness (bilateral),

extremity abnormality (DDx) 491t Thoracic surgery, surgical

prophylaxis 355t 3TC (lamivudine) 632 3TC/ZDV (Combivir) 633 Thrombocytopenia, platelet

abnormalities (DDx) 498t Thrombocytosis, platelet

abnormalities (DDx) 498t Thrombophlebitis

extremity abnormality (DDx) 491t intracranial suppurative 27 septic 81 septic pelvic 101 Thrush 43 HIV 336 Ticar 699 Ticarcillin 699 pediatric dose 421 Tivicay (dolvtegravir) 595 Ticarcillin/clavulanate 699 pearls & pitfalls 512 susceptibility profiles 186t pediatric dose 421

Trichophyton mentagrophytes,

tinea corporis 147 Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) 257 Tick typhus fevers 294 Tigecycline 700 pearls & pitfalls 518 susceptibility profiles 198t

Time-dependent kinetics,

antibiotics with 2 Timentin 699 Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm) 149

Tinea corporis (body ringworm) 147 Tinea cruris (jock itch) 147 Tinea pedis 147 Tinea versicolor (pityriasis) 148 Tinidazole, pediatric dose 421 Tipranavir (TPV) 704 Tissue penetration,

antibiotic selection and 2 TMP 707 TMP-SMX 707 pearls & pitfalls 515 susceptibility profiles 186t Tobramycin 705 pearls & pitfalls 513 susceptibility profiles 198t pediatric dose 421

Tongue tenderness,

mouth abnormalities (DDx) 482t Tongue ulcers, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 482t Tonsillar membranes, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 483t Tonsillar ulcers, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 483t Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) 169 Toxin-mediated infectious diseases 169 botulism 170 diphtheria 170 tetanus 170 toxic shock syndrome (TSS) 169 Toxocariasis, meningitis 22

Toxoplasma gondii

cerebral toxoplasmosis 262 chorioretinitis 34 encephalitis 25

HIV 331

HIV, prophylaxis 319t transplant infections 164

Toxoplasmosis

HIV, prophylaxis 320 meningitis 22 prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 366t TPV (tipranavir) 704

Trachipleistophora,

microsporidia enteritis 335 Trachoma conjunctivitis 33 Transplant prophylaxis

(BMT/SOT) 367t Aspergillus sp. 368t Candida sp. 368t cytomegalovirus (CMV) 368t Herpes simplex (HSV) 367t PCP 368t toxoplasmosis 368t varicella zoster virus (VZV) 367t

Transplants. see Organ transplants Transverse myelitis, neurological

abnormalities (DDx) 494t Trapezius tenderness,

chest abnormalities (DDx) 484t Traveler‘s diarrhea,

travel prophylaxis 373t Travel prophylaxis 371t

general infectious disease travel precautions 371t

hepatitis A (HAV) 373t Japanese encephalitis (JE) 374t meningococcal meningitis 373t rabies 374t tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis 375t traveler‘s diarrhea 373t typhoid fever 373t yellow fever 374t

Travel vaccines, HIV 323 Trecator 611 Trematodes (flukes/flatworms),

intestinal 282 Treponema pallidum

meningitis 22 post-exposure prophylaxis 360t primary syphilis 117 syphilis 119, 120 Trichinella spiralis, trichinosis 298 Trichinosis 298

Trichomonas vaginalis,

urethritis/cervicitis 114 Trichophyton mentagrophytes,

onychomycosis 148

Trichophyton rubrum

onychomycosis 148 tinea corporis 147 Trichosporon beigelii, trichosporon 289 Trichostrongyliasis 278 Trichostrongylus orientalis 278, 280 Trichuris trichiura 279 Trimethoprim 707 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 707 Trimox 533 Trimpex 707

Trismus, mouth abnormalities

(DDx) 482t Triumeq 314t Trizivir [abacavir (ABC) + lamivudine

(3TC) + zidovudine (ZDV)] 528 Trobicin 689 Tropheryma whippelli,

Whipple‘s disease 282 Truvada [emtricitabine (FTC) +

tenofovir (TDF)] 604 Trypanosoma brucei

cruzi 255, 256 gambiense 255, 256 rhodesiense 255, 256

Trypanosoma brucei cruzi,

Chagas‘ disease 273 Trypanosomes in blood 255 Trypanosomiasis

American 255 East African 255 West African 255 Tsutsugamushi fever 294

Tuberculosis. see Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

endophthalmitis 35

Tuboovarian abscess 113 Tularemia pneumonia 173 bioterrorist 176

post-exposure

prophylaxis 363t unilateral focal segmental/lobar

infiltrate with effusion 432 TURP, surgical prophylaxis 357t

Tygacil 700 Typhoid fever 89 travel prophylaxis 373t

Typhus infections

epidemic 295 flying squirrel 294 murine 296 scrub 296 tick typhus fevers 296

T20 (enfuvirtide) 606

U-lcer-node syndromes, lymph

node abnormalities (DDx) 488t Ulcers

Buruli 285 foot/leg 491t frenal 482t genital 117 mouth 44 oral 482t peptic 85 perirectal 489t skin 137 tongue 482t tonsillar 483t

Ultra 621 Ultracef 556 Unasyn 542 Unipen 652 Unsafe water (fecally-contaminated),

infectious disease travel

precautions 371t Ureaplasma urealyticum

post-exposure prophylaxis 360t urethritis/cervicitis 114

Urethritis

gonoccocal 114 non-gonococcal 114 Urex 642

Urinary abnormalities (DDx)

chyluria 503t eosinophiluria 503t hematuria, gross/microscopic 502t leukocyte esterase 502t

myoglobinuria (2° to

rhabdomyolysis) 503t nitrite positive 502t proteinuria 502t pyuria 501t specific gravity, decreased 502t urinary pH, alkaline/acidic 502t

Urinary pH, alkaline/acidic, urinary abnormalities (DDx) 502t

Urinary tract infections (UTIs),

chronic medical prophylaxis 364t Urine gram stain, clinical use 248t Urological implant surgery, surgical

prophylaxis 357t Urosepsis 111 community-acquired 111 urologic procedure 112

Urticaria, general appearance abnormalities (DDx) 477t

USFDA use-in-pregnancy

letter code 524t

Usual dose, explanation 521

Uveitis, eye

abnormalities (DDx) 480t Uvular edema, mouth

abnormalities (DDx) 483t

V-accinations. (see Adult immunizations) Immunizations

Vaginosis 115 Vaginitis 115 Vaginitis, Candida, in HIV/AIDS 338 Valacyclovir 709 Valcyte 710 Valganciclovir 710 Valtrex 709 Vancocin 712 Vancomycin 712 pearls & pitfalls 516 susceptibility profiles 198t pediatric dose 422

Vancomycin-resistant

enterococci (VRE) 3 Vantin 565

Varicella (VZV) chickenpox

adult immunization 382t post-exposure prophylaxis 360t

Varicella zoster virus (VZV). (see also Herpes zoster)

chickenpox 142 herpes zoster 288 HIV 343

Variola virus post-exposure

prophylaxis 363t smallpox 174 Vascular graft infections 82 Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) 25

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

(VAP) 69 Verrucous foot/leg lesions,

extremity abnormality (DDx) 491t Verrucous hand/arm lesions,

extremity abnormality (DDx) 490t Vesicles, skin 288 Vfend 714 Vibativ 693 Vibramycin 597 Vibra-tabs 597 Vibrio alginolyticus 232t Vibrio cholerae 232t

travel prophylaxis 372t Vibrio parahaemolyticus 232t Vibrio sp. saltwater wounds 145 Vibrio vulnificus 232t saltwater wounds 145 Videx (didanosine) 594 Viekira Pak 98t, 346t Vincent‘s angina 44 Viracept (nelfinavir) 653 Viral conjunctivitis 33 Viral esophagitis 85

Viral hemorrhagic fever,

post-exposure prophylaxis 363t Viral hepatitis 97 Viral influenza (human seasonal),

post-exposure prophylaxis 358t Viral pharyngitis 42

Viramune (nevirapine) 654 Viread (tenofovir) 695 Viridans streptococci endocarditis

prosthetic, subacute (SBE) 70 Viridans

prosthetic valve endocarditis 77 streptococci 213t bone marrow transplant infection 160 Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) 275 Vistide 577

Vitiligo, general appearance

abnormalities (DDx) 477t Volume of distribution, explanation 522 Voriconazole 714 VRE. see Vancomycin-resistant

enterococci (VRE) VZV

bilateral infiltrates without effusion 449 community-acquired pneumonia 52 conjunctivitis 33 encephalitis 25 HIV, prophylaxis 319 meningitis 21 ophthalmicus 33 post-exposure prophylaxis 360t prophylaxis of opportunistic

infections 366t

W-arts, genital/perianal 118 Watery eyes, eye abnormalities

(DDx) 480t WBC abnormalities (DDx)

atypical lymphocytes 496t basophilia 496t eosinophilia 496t immunoblasts 496t leukocytosis 495t leukopenia 495t lymphocytosis 495t monocytosis 496t relative lymphocytosis, 495t relative lymphopenia 495t WBC inclusions 496t

WBC inclusions, WBC

abnormalities (DDx) 496t WBCs pleural

effusion profiles in various

diseases (DDx) 504t WBC type/glucose, clinical use 247t Wegener‘s granulomatosis

bilateral infiltrates with effusion 461 bilateral infiltrates

without effusion 453 cavitary infiltrates (thick-walled) 468 West African trypanosomiasis 255 Western equine encephalitis (WEE) 25 West Nile encephalitis (WNE) 25 meningitis 21

Wheezing, diffuse, chest

abnormalities (DDx) 484t Whipple‘s disease 282 Whipworm 279 Wound infections 144 animal bite 144 burns 145 cat scratch disease (CSD) 144 freshwater 145 human bite 144 saltwater 145

Wrist swelling, extremity

abnormality (DDx) 491t Wuchereria bancrofti 254 Wymox 533

Y-easts/fungi, clinical significance, pending susceptibility testing 242t

Yellow fever 178 travel prophylaxis 374t

Yellow/whitish pleural fluid

abnormalities (DDx) 503t Yersinia

infectious diarrhea 86 travel prophylaxis 373t Yersinia enterocolitica 232t Yersinia pestis (plague) 233t bioterrorist, pneumonic plague 174 post-exposure prophylaxis 362t

Z-alcitabine (ddc) 717 ZDV (zidovudine) 718 Zerbaxa 572 Zerit (stavudine) 689 Ziagen (ABC) 526 Zidovudine (ZDV) 528 Zinacef 574 Zithromax 549

Zoonotic atypical pneumonias 60 diagnostic features 61

Zoonotic diseases,

post-exposure prophylaxis 362t Zosyn 669 Zovirax 529 Zygomycosis, cutaneous 290 Zyvox 637