2. Give the English for:

мова міжнародного спілкування; слова, запозичені з інших мов; частковий збіг з іншими мовами; займати особливе місце; не обов’язково; з другого боку; взаємозв’язані причини; багата подіями подорож; релігійна віра; дух першовідкривача; покінчити з чимось (кимoсь); залишатися домінуючою мовою; підносити прапор; надмірна кількість місцевих мов; нав’язування англійської мови; поширення торгівлі; надто могутній економічний блок; виходити за межі історичного досвіду та ідеології; авіадиспетчерська служба; наукові промови; явна перевага англійської мови; насичувати радіохвилі; телеглядачі.

3. Use one of the words or word-combinations from the box to fill each gap.

1. Foreign languages are important for the development of …… contacts.

2. English is spoken as the ……. in Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

3. English is the ….. language of some 400 mln. people. But another 400 mln. people speak English as a …… language.

4. The travel and …….. language of the international airwaves is English.

5. More than 80 percent of all the ……. stored in more than 100mln computers around the word is in English.

6. Today about 90% of all …… are published first in English.

7. English is replacing the …….. European languages of centuries past, for example, French as the language of diplomacy.

8. Now English is the official language of international aid …… such as Oxtam and Save the Children as well as of UNESCO, NATO and the UN.

4. Find proofs in the text that:

1. English has become a lingua franca and one of the main languages of international communication.

2. Estimates of English speaker numbers are variable.

3. English pilgrims brought with them not only religions beliefs and colonization but also their language to America.

4. The British Empire imposed English as the language of administration and control in different parts of the world.

5. The spread of commerce is a major factor in the spread of English.

6. English plays a great role in tourism, air and sea travel communication.

7. English is a dominant language in information exchange and popular culture.

IV. Speaking activities.

1. Analyse the reading.

1. Define the lingua franca. Is English a lingua franca? If so, prove it.

2. What do they mean by “false friends”?

3. How many people in the world speak English as a first and a second language?

4. Are estimates of English speaker numbers the same?

5. Do you think English will remain a vital linguistic tool for many people for many years to come?

6. What was the role of British colonization in the spread of English throughout the world?

7. Does the spread of English depend on economics?

8. What does “globalization” mean?

9. What spheres of human activity is English used in?

2. Render the text “The world of English” using the cues below to help you.

– lingua franca/ the European Union/ borrowings/ language of international communication

– spread of English/ overlap with other languages/ intriguing debates

– Braj Kachru (1985)/ first language – 320-380 mln/ second language – 250-350 mln.

– David Crystal (1995-1997)/ 75 territories/ 377mln/ 98mln.

– 1620/ Pilgrim Fathers/ Massachusetts/ religion/ pioneering spirit/ colonization.

– 26th January, 1788/ Commander Philip/ British flag/ Sydney Cove/ convicts.

– India/ indigenous languages/ imposition of English/ unifying means of control.

– spread of commerce/ Pilger (1998)/ “Globalization”.

– travel and tourism/ signs in airports/ airline announcements.

– air traffic control/ sea travel communication.

– information exchange/ conferences/ journal articles/ Internet

– popular culture/ planet’s airwaves/ cinema and TV.