Theory sheet 8:

№

Communicative

Types

Intonation Contour 5*

Intonation Contour 5a**

-(Low Pre-head+) Fall-Rise

(+Tail)

-(Low-Pre-head+) Falling Head+ Fall-Rise(+Tail)

Fall-Rise divided

1.

Statements

This IC expresses polite correction, contradiction,

contrast; concern; reproach; reluctant or defensive dissent, grudging admission, reservations on the part of the speaker. Sometimes it may sound soothing.

E.g. There were seven students there. – Nine.

Is your brother tall or dark? - Well, he’s tall. (But I shouldn’t call him dark.)

He’s generous (but I don’t trust him.)

It didn’t take you long. -

It did.

It makes utterances very emphatic. The attitudes may vary according to the verbal context and the situation.

The statements may sound apologetic, appreciative, grateful, regretful, plaintive, sympathetic, reassuring, encouraging.

E.g. I hope I’m not late.

(apologetic)

It’s quite good really.

(appreciative)

Thank you for telling me.

( grateful)

I don’t remember I’m afraid.

(regretful)

He’s hardly ever on time.

(plaintive)

I know exactly how you

feel. (sympathetic)

2.

General Questions

IC 5 is hardly ever used in general questions. When it is used, it is done only for the sake of emphasis.

E.g. It’s your turn. – Is it?

The Parkers liked it. – Did they?

IC 5a gives to a general question a plaintive, pleading, long-suffering ring.

E.g. Can’t you see I’m busy?

Must you be so obstinate?

3.

Special Questions

It makes a special question

sound plaintive, weary; or warm, affectionate, sympathetic.

E.g. Oh why don’t you listen, Charles?

What made you change your mind?

I have to go out now. – When will you be back, my love?

I’m so upset, Mum. - What’s the matter, darling?

4.

Commands and requests

IC 5 expresses an urgent warning, conveys a note of reproach or concern.

E.g. I’ll take this pile of plates. - Careful. (They are rather heavy.)

I’m sorry. – Well, say it as if you meant it.

Utterances sound plaintive,

sometimes reproachful, pleading, reassuring.

E.g. Do forgive me.

Please stay a little longer.

Cheer up.

5.

Exclamations

Exclamations are very rarely

used with the Fall-Rise.

If they are, IC 5 may give a ring of contempt.

E.g. Will you give in? – Not likely.

Exclamations are very rare with this pattern.

If they are used with this IC, it may express warmth, appreciation, sympathy or encouragement; occasionally puzzlement or surprise.

E.g. That’s the second time he’s failed. – Poor old David.

And we’ll have a new car. – Just a second. (Where’s the money coming from?)