REFERENCES

Castaldo, G., Tomaiuolo, R., Sanduzzi, A., Bocchino, M.L., Ponticiello, A., Barra, E., Vitale, D., Bariffi, F., Sacchetti, L., Salvatore, F., "Lung Cancer Metastatic Cells Detected in Blood by Reverse TranscriptasePolymerase Chain Reaction and Dot-Blot Analysis," J. Clin. Oncology, 15(11), 3388-3393, 1997.

Berndt, C. Haubold, K., Wenger, F., Brux, B., Muller, J., Bendzko, P., Hillebrand, T., Kottegen, E., Zanow, J., "K-ras mutations in stools and tissue samples from patients with malignant and nonmalignant pancreatic diseases," Clinical. Chemistry, 44 (10), 2103-2107, 1998.

Cromeans, T.L., Nainan, O.V., & Margolis, H.S., "Detection of hepatitis A virus RNA in oyster meat. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Jun;63(6):2460-3. PMID: 9172369; UI: 97316458.

Appendix A – Units and Formulas

Unit Conversions

Weight Conversions

1 µg = 10-6 g

1 ng = 10-9 g

1 pg = 10-12 g

1 fg = 10-15 g

Alkami Quick Guide™ for PCR

Spectrographic Conversions

1A260 unit of double-stranded DNA = 50 µg/ml solution

1A260 unit of single stranded DNA = 33 µg/ml solution

1A260 unit of single stranded RNA= 40 µg/ml solution

Micromolar extinction coefficient

ε , at 264 nm

Where ε = OD264 units in a solution of 1 µmole dissolved in 1 liter, that is

ε= OD264 units of 1 µmole

ε= {(8.8 X nT) + (7.3 X nC) + (11.7 X nG) + (15.4 X nA)} X 0.9

Calculating the Molecular Weight of DNA

MW =

(249 X nA) + (240 x nT) + (265 X nG) + ((225 X nC) + (63 X n – 1) + 2

DNA Molar Conversions

1 µg of 1,000 bp DNA = 1.52 pmol (3.03 of ends) 1 pmol of 1,000 bp DNA = 0.66 µg

1 µg of pBR322 DNA = 0.36 pmol DNA

1 pmol of pBR322 DNA = 2.8 µg

www.Alkami.org

For dsDNA:

To convert pmol to µg:

pmol X N X 660 pg/pmol X 1µg/106 pg = µg

To convert µg to pmol:

µg X 106 pg/µg X pmol/660 pg X 1/N = pmol

where N is the number of nucleotide pairs and 660 pmol/pg is the average MW of a nucleotide pair

For ssDNA:

To convert pmol to µg:

pmol X N X 330 pg/pmol X 1µg/106 pg = µg

To convert µg to pmol:

µg X 106 pg/µg X pmol/330 pg X 1/N = pmol

where N is the number of nucleotide pairs and 330 pmol/pg is the average MW of a nucleotide pair.

Biophysical Data for Deoxynucleotide Triphosphates