Barley - ячмень
oats - овес
fertile - плодородный
shortage - нехватка
semi-finished goods - полуфабрикаты
cheap articles - дешевые детали
requiring skilled labour – требующий квалифицированного труда
precision instruments – точные приборы
consumer goods – товары широкого потребления
leather goods – изделия из кожи
steel- сталь
dispersed - рассредоточена
Economy in Russian
Russia is reach in natural resources. In the past few years Russia tries to remove from a centrally controlled economy to a market economy. In spite of decline Russia has various branches of industry, such as metallurgical, automobile and chemical industry.
Russia is divided on 11 economic regions such as: North, North west, central part, West Siberia, East Siberia, the Far East and others. Russian machine building industry provides most of the Federations requirement for steam boilers and turbines ,electric generators, grain combines, automobiles and electric locomotives and machine tools, instruments and automation components. Important automobile factories are located in Moscow, Н.Новгород, Ярославль and Ижевск. Russian textile industry are heavily concentrated in the European sector especially in the central region.
Russian agriculture is not so developed. But some of the main crops grown on the South are wheat and fruits, on the North are wheat, barley, oats and vegetables.
Cattle breeding and pig raising make up an important branch of Russian agriculture. Forests is a very important branch of Russian economy. Russian resources is sold as the raw materials. We have to use our resources more effectively. It is necessary to employ of manufacturing.
The ecological problems of Kamchatka
About two hundred years ago a man lived in harmony with nature, because industry was not so highly developed. Today the contradictions between a man and nature are dramatic. Now the industrially developed states cannot ignore the problem of invironment protection. It has become a part of political programmes in many countries, including Russian Federation.
The problem of Kamchatka ecology is faced by Kamchatka`s scientists, and by the international committee”Gore-Chernomyrdin” which decides ecological items of Russian Far-East.
Ecological
situation in Kamchatka comparing
(сравнивая)to
the other industrialized regions is rather favourable
(благоприятная).
Kamchatka region nature ecosystems practically are not drawn into
the human economic activity and still are kept undamaged all over
the region except some local areas where the majority of the
population is concentrated.
The
territory of Petropavlovsk-Elizovo agglomeration is the most
polluted zone. Here we have typical for urban
(городской)
territories pollution`s of air, water, ground, degradation of soils
on agricultural ranges
(зона),
concentration of industrial waste
(отходы)
and garbage. Technological
impacts
(воздействие)
represent the real threat
(угроза)
for
unique
(уникальный)
bioresource
potential as well as for rare
(редкий)
and endangers
(под
угрозой
опасности)
plant
(растениям)
and animal species
(разновидности)
of Kamchatka peninsula. Many of them have been written into the “Red
Book of nature”.
One
of the most beautiful and convenient bays of the world - The Avacha
Bay, now is spoiled
(испорчен)
by the town waste, oil products and harmful
(вредный)
garbage of the fleet
(флота)
.
The bay became a natural recipient
(резервуар)of
various polluting
(загрязняющих)
substances
,
which receive economic –house-hold and industrial waste. The
Avacha Bay and the shelf of Kamchatka used to be most productive
fishery region of Kamchatka up to the latest years. To
improve (совершенствовать)
the
sanitary
conditions of the bay waters, as well as to provide ecological
safety
(безопасность)
at the territory of Petropavlovsk-Elizovo agglomeration
(городской
комплекс)
a complex of expensive nature protection measures
should be made.
The preservation (сохранение) in Kamchatka of high quality of water is of great importance not only for fishery and marine products supply but for participation (участия) in the formation of food balance of the mankind.
But some positive steps to keep nature of Kamchatka have been already made. Kamchatka region has recreational (восстановительные) resources corresponding to the world standarts and also the region has vast (широкий) wild nature territories which are not touched by civilization. There is the programme of creating of the system of specially protected areas in Kamchatka region.
No doubt that state should carry out special policy and invest much money in nature protecting programmes, but such programmes can not be of great use if we do not change people`s attitude (позиция) towards (по отношению) the biosphere.