2.3 Trends in English in recent years
The development of any language is a phenomenon revolutionary, dynamic, anthropocentric. On a today day English system represented not only a wide network of English-speaking cultures that exemplifies the phenomenon of multiculturalism it appears at the head of global cyber communication. However despite the rapid growth of its structure, the latest development is not chaotic. On the contrary, it exemplifies a phenomenon of self-organizing systems.
Operating with the concept of "self" modern English, we cannot address the issue of balancing growth process constructive its composition. Thus, some linguists metaphor, vocabulary can be presented in the form of balls having a core and periphery "zone of transformation" - a layer that separates them and unites both. Thus the main function of the chronological system appears implementation of a factor, the role of which is to synchronize the system to ensure its unity and stability [6, 238].
According to scientists, virtually all new units begin their life as occasional, as there is in the case of broadcasting, so the term "occasional word" may state only the result of the fact that the word originated in the speech, but not stuck in the language [14, 14]. Thus, innovative communication unit is filled with a peripheral zone of vocabulary. Soon appeared, linguistic unit is drawn into the vortex of original "Race", where the finish line serves as the core of the language system. When it reaches nuclear boundaries, it is visualization.
Finally taking the nuclear situation, it does not acquire absolute stability, in contrast, when it reaches the "peaks", it faces decline urgency that it will lead the way back - to the most remote corners of the English Multiversum where words no longer operate in the real world. However, given the way the model is hypothetical implementation modern direction of flow. Every innovation has a unique way that correlates primarily extralinguistic factors [5, 184].
Thus, the operation of new units and their use of the speaker due not only lingual options (e.g. derivational potency, maximum correlation of internal and external forms, etc.), But extra lingual (importance realities, phenomena, concepts, representing neologism) as Failure of a new phenomenon, concept or its importance, and the need persists in its category, and therefore the newest unit can disappear without having to join the core of the language system and become historicism modern times [7, 206].
Recently more evident trend towards economic structures and to minimize the existing units nomination. This is because the boundaries the extreme limits of advanced vocabulary and inclusion led to the emergence of mechanisms that are intended to regulate the filling system of vocabulary constituents. Implementation of the renovation of balance is currently in two ways – the creation and transformation of economical units uneconomical as economical.
However remember that every innovation must arise in the mind in its full form and then gets finalized in the light of the author's thoughts. In the same context it should be noted that the possibility / impossibility, the adequacy / inadequacy of implementation of these mechanisms is quite selective. First of all, it depends on the language material – his "form-content".
Considering further the process of creating economic linguistic innovation should take into account the fact that the graphics absorption, which refers to the formation of the reduced form of communication units naturally accompanied by the phenomenon of semantic absorption [14, 35]. However the content of which is steadily entrenched in shape and does not require additional decryption using structure exemplifies the phenomenon of binary compression and fullest sense of the phenomenon reflects the economy of language resources.
Thus, according to researchers, can be considered the most economical model, which produced minimal in form, but the most capacious meaningfully language units. These include innovation, all the components units which are the constituents of graphic language system - namely, lowercase letters, numbers and combinations thereof. These constituents English Foundation, the observations scientists have potency to implement the process of "compression form-content " to 90%. Under the unity form-content understand GUI (actual expression) and contents, which represented this unit communication [5 185]. It should be noted that the implementation of the said potentials made possible only due to economical visualization of innovation.
Conclusions
The term "reduction" includes both process and outcome of the process truncation, collection of phonemes and / or morpheme words and phrases without changing their lexical and grammatical meaning. Using diachronic analysis in the development of the phenomena observed reduction, specifically in English. The first reduction took from the beginning of writing including the Sumerians, in the fourth century BC the steady development of abbreviations in English acquired in the fifteenth century AD and since then has not lost its popularity. It is there in writing the first English abbreviations were graphic and then gradually subjected lexicalization. In some of the history of the English language was heard calls for it to be considered as the standard language of the royal court, but the new formation of conversational speech actively penetrate the higher strata of society. Gradually reducing lose social importance and become commonplace in all walks of life and social circles.
Ways of formation and peculiarities of cuts in modern English are identified in the paper. Using descriptive method basic types and varieties of modern English-language abbreviations are studied.
Graphic reductions are presented only in writing, in oral speech they are replaced by the full form of words or phrases; lexical reduction is taking place both in writing and orally. Graphic reduction is a mean of saving writing space (in Internet communication, headlines, etc.).
Lexical reduction divided into acronyms (which are the initials (sequence initials), acronyms (excluding own acronyms (sequences of sounds marked with the initial letters that read like a normal word), there are also homoacronyms (acronyms that coincide in form with the usual word, sometimes semantically related to an object whose name is shrinking) and anacronyms (acronyms that have not been treated as a reduction of the speaker) and phonological abbreviations (in which object semantics, whose name is declining implicit in the form itself )), truncation (Apocope (clipping final element of the word), apheresis (clipping initial element of the word), syncope (removal of the central part of speech) and mixed (clipping initial and final elements) and telescopes (full (merger of two truncated bases), partial (merger shortened base of one word with full form of another) and haplology (where available common sound at the junction of two components)).
It is researched the role of mechanisms of the words reducing in the process of shaping and word formation in modern English, reduction mechanisms defined role in the formation of new formative elements, the dependence formative opportunities reduced vowels tokens of their typology.
Recently, more evident trend towards economic structures and to minimize the existing units nomination, which clearly appears in the morning compared to English. By study lexical-semantic and pragmatic abbreviations features in the defined their place in modern English; reduction of speech is the clearest manifestation of the rationalization of speech activity and optimization language shaping processes that are characteristic features of English throughout the history.
Occasional words created by the reduction of the word or words can move to sustainable vocabulary of the language through their visualization, coexisting with its multi-correlates the rights of their substitutes (it is known that the reduction differ from the full word forms its emotion and stylistic references), and sometimes ahead of them for distribution or completely removing out of use full form of the word. Created by formal modification options of tokens are used in a variety of styles broadcasting of spoken officially to-business. Currently mechanisms reductions words play a leading role in the shaping and word formation, because they are a more economical code. These processes reflect the logic characteristic of English, which seeks to preserve the simplicity of expression and information of significance for the purposes of communication
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Annex A
The list of the abbreviations
A - atomic
AFAIK - as far as I know
a.m. - ante meridiem (in the morning)
ASH – Action on Smoking and Health
B2B - business-to-business
B2C - business-to-consumer
BA - Bachelor of Arts
BBC - British Broadcasting Corporation
C2C - consumer-to-consumer
cc - chapters
CND – the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
DCI - District of Columbia inspector
e.g. – for example (exempli gratia)
EMACS - extended metal atom chains
EU - European Union
FCPA – Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
G.B.S. - George Bernard Shaw
GI - government issue
H - hydrogen
HENRY - high earner, not rich yet
H.G. - Herbert George Wells
ICBW - I could be wrong
ICQ – I Seek You
ICU – I See You
IMHO - in my humble opinion
laser – lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
ll - lines
M. - monsieur
MIA - missing in action
MLF – multilateral nuclear force
MP - member of parliament
MTV - music television
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NOW – National Organization for Women
PC - personal computer
p.m. – post meridiem (in the afternoon)
P.O.W. - prisoner of war
pp - pages
SCNR - sorry could not resist
scuba – self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
SMS - short message service
S.O.E - Special Operations, Executive
TV - television
U - underwater/upper-class
UN - United Nations
UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund
U.S. - United States
VCR - video-cassette recorder
VIP – very important person
WIN – Whip Inflation Now
Y2K – year two thousand
Z – zero