16, 17, 18, 19. General characteristics of a verb.

Verb is a part of speech that denotes an action,

It has the following grammatical categories:

- person - aspect

- number - voice

- tense - mood

These categories may be expressed by means of affixes, innaflexions (change of the route vowel) and by form words.

According to the functional verbs perform in the sentence; they can form finite(особові) and non-finite forms.

The finite form can be used as the predicate of the sentence.

The non-finite can’t be used as the predicate of the sentence, they are called “verbals” (Participle I, II, Infinitive, Gerund).

According to the morphological structure verbs can be divided into:

- simple

- derivative (rewrite, undo)

- compound (day-dream, brain-beat)

- composite (give up, sit down).

3. The basic forms of the verb are:

- the infinitive

- the past indefinite

- the participle II

speak – spoke – spoken.

According to the syntactical function verbs are divided into:

notional verbs – always have a lexical meaning of their own and have an independent syntactical function in the sentence (may be used as a simple predicate).

auxiliary verbs – have only grammatical function used in analytical form.link verbs – which have lost their lexical meaning to some extend and are used in compound nominal predicate.

6.A verb can be

- transitive which can take:

a) a direct object

They express an action which passes on to a thing or object directly.

b)direct and indirect object.

c) prepositional object

intransitive verbscan’t take a direct object.

7. Semantically all verbs can be divided into:

- terminative

- non-terminative

a) Terminative verbs amply a limit beyond which an action can’t continue. (to break).

b) Non-terminative denote an action which don’t amply any limit. (to love, to live, to posses).

c) Verbs of double lexical character/aspect. These verbs in certain context have a terminative meaning, and in other – a derivative.

21. The category of tence.

Grammatical tense is a way languages express the time at which an event described by a sentence occurs. In English, this is a property of a verb form, and expresses only time-related information. Tense, along with mood, voice and person, are three ways in which verb forms are frequently characterized, in languages where those categories apply. There are languages (mostly isolating languages, like Chinese) where tense is not expressed anywhere in the verb or any auxiliaries, but only as adverbs of time, when needed for comprehension; and there are also languages (such as Russian) where tense is not deemed very important and emphasis is instead placed on aspect. The exact number of tenses in a language is often a matter of some debate, since many languages include the state of certainty of the information, the frequency of the event, whether it is ongoing or finished, and even whether the information was directly experienced or gleaned from hearsay, as moods or tenses of a verb. Some grammarians consider these to be separate tenses, and some do not.