LESSON 14

The Future Continuous Tense. Сравнение The Future Simple и The Future Continuous Tense. Прямая и косвенная речь. Вопросительные предложения. Просьбы и команды в косвенной речи. The Future Simple in the Past.

Text 1

Read the text. Translate it and try to remember the information.

Higher Education in Great Britain

Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take «A» level examinations in two or three subjects. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their «A» level results, although they may interview them as well. In 1971 the Open University was started, where these formal qualifications are not necessary. Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students follow its degree courses on radio and television.

There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty former polytechnics (now also universities), plus 350 colleges and institutes of higher education (some of which train teachers).

Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study, although a number of subjects take longer, including medicine, architecture and foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). They lead in most cases to a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Science. There are various postgraduate degrees, including Master and Doctor of Philosophy. The last two are awarded for research in arts or sciences.

Degrees are awarded either by the institution itself, or by the Council for National Academic Awards, particularly in vocational areas. Students of law, architecture and some other professions can take qualifications awarded by their own professional bodies instead of degrees.

At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses. Parents with higher incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990 the grant did not have to be paid back, but now a system of loans has been introduced.

The most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge, called «Oxbridge». They are famous for their academic excellence.

Text 2

Read the text, translate it and compare the system of education in Great Britain with that in Russia.

Education in the Russian Federation

Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to education is stated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. It is ensured by compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools, and higher education establishments. It is also ensured by the development of extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarships and grants.

Education in Russia is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. The stages of compulsory schooling in Russia are: primary education for ages 5-7 to 9-10 inclusive; secondary education including intermediate school for ages 10-11 to 12-13 inclusive, and senior school for ages 13-14 to 14-15 inclusive. If a pupil of a secondary school wishes to go on in higher education, he or she must stay at school for two more years. Primary and secondary school together comprise 11 years of study. Every school has a “ñore curriculum” of academic subjects, such as Russian, Literature, Mathematics, History, a foreign language and others. Lyceums and gymnasiums offer programs giving a profound knowledge in some field of study.

After finishing the 9th form one can go on to a vocational school which offers programmes of academic subjects and a programme of training in a technical field, or a profession. After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a gymnasium one can go on in higher education. All applicants must take competitive examinations. Higher education institutions, that is, institutes or universities, offer a 5-year programme of academic subjects for undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a graduate course. If one finishes a graduate course and writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidate’s degree or a doctoral degree.

Higher educational establishments are headed by Rectors. Vice-rectors are in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or a university has a number of faculties, each specializing in a field of study. Faculties have specialized councils which confer candidate and doctoral degrees.

The system of secondary and higher education in Russia is going through a transitional period. The main objectives of the reform are: to decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial mechanism, to give more academic freedoms to faculties and students. All secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently have been funded by me state. Now there is quite a number of private fee-paying primary and secondary schools; some universities have fee-paying departments.

ORAL PRACTICE

Read the dialogues, translate them into Russian and learn them by heart.

1.

A:I loved my junior school. I used to get there early in the morning and leave as late as possible in the afternoon. When I was eleven I went to a new school. I liked it a lot but not as much as the old one.

B:I didn’t like my junior school. I was usually naughty in class. The teachers didn’t like me. They were pleased when I left. I was pleased, too.

C:I liked some lessons. I was lazy and only worked on lessons I liked. I liked languages and I liked acting in plays. But I didn’t like science so I didn’t listen. I was always last in science.

2.

A:How do English Universities choose students?

B:You usually apply to four universities. The universities may interview you. They usually refuse to take students who fail their end-of-year exams (выпускные экзамены).

A:Have you applied for a university yet?

B:Yes, and I heard from York University yesterday. I’ve got an interview next week.

3.

A:I see your university is rather a new one.

B:Yes, it was founded twenty years ago, becoming the twelfth higher education establishment in the city.

A:How many faculties are there in your university and what is the total number of students involved in all forms of studies?

B:About eight thousand students study in eight faculties.

4.

A:What subjects do students take at the university?

B:It depends on the faculty and the year they are in.

A:Well, let’s say the first year at the faculty of language and literature.

B:Among the subjects studied in the first year are: History, Linguistics, Languages (Russian, Latin, foreign), Literature, Ethnography, Physical training.

5.

A:How do university students spend their summer holidays?

B:In different ways. Some return home, some stay at the students’ camp for a few weeks.

A:What about sports, hobbies, music and dance?

B:Well, I think those things always come first. Young people will be young people.

A: Thank you for your reception. You’ve shown and explained to us a lot of things. You must be tired, let’s call it a day (давайте на этом закончим). We’ll meet this evening at the club, won’t we?

6.

A:Did you pass all your sessional exams?

B:Yes. I could hardly manage them (я едва справился с ними). I was sure I could fail at least two of them.

A:The trouble is that you burn the candle at both ends (ты гнался за двумя зайцами сразу). You can’t work all day and watch TV all night. Studying at night isn’t good either. You need a rest, too.

B:I took a short sleep every few hours.

A:Well, well. You should be serious about your studies at the university. It isn’t a playground or a kind of a pastime, you know.

***

Discuss the following topics. Make up dialogues:

Два студента обсуждают свою студенческую жизнь. Один восх˝ищается всем, а другой недоволен всем и придирается к каждой мелоч˝и.

Студенты рассказывают своему другу о занятиях в институт˝е (программе, предметах, преподавателях, товарищах).

Суровый отец требует объяснений от сына, который провалил˝ся на экзамене. Тот ищет всевозможные оправдания (перегруженна˝я программа

– overcrowded syllabus, несправедливость преподавателей – injustice of professors, невезение в целом – bad luck).

***

Write an essay on one of the following topics:

1.Your favourite subjects at the institute.

2.Alternative and traditional forms of education in Russia.

3.How did you make a choice of a higher education establisment?

4.Would you like to get higher education in Great Britain?

5.Advantages and disadvantages of nonstate (private) higher educational establisments.

6.Daytime (full-time) and extramural forms of education. What are the advantages and disadvantages?

7.Higher education in Russia and in Great Britain, what are similar and different features?

8.What would you like to change in Russian system of higher education?

***

Act out the dialogue with your partner:

Ann: Hello, Steve. Have you got a minute? Steve: Sure, yes. What can I do for you?

Ann: I’ve read a number of books on British system of higher education but I can’t make head or tail of it.

Steve: Mm…no wonder. What’s the problem?

Ann: Quite a lot of problems. What I want to discuss is the difference between a university and a college.

Steve: It’s like this, you see… The programme is different. At a university it is much wider. Great attention is paid to scientific subjects.

Ann: It sounds as though most people prefer a university. Steve: Well…that rather depends.

Ann: Speaking about universities, I’m not quite clear about tutorials (семинары) there. What is a tutorial exactly?

Steve: Oh, it’s when students discuss topics with a tutor in a very small groups – usually there are not more than three or four students and sometimes only one.

Ann: I see… And coming back to colleges. I’m still not terribly sure what is a residential college is.

Steve: Hmm… It’s a college with a hall of residence on the same grounds as the principal building. In fact all the students live in halls.

Ann: Really? And what about the teaching staff?

Steve: Actually the majority of the teaching staff live there too. But there are also quite a lot of non-residential colleges.

Ann: And you studied at university? Steve: Yes…

Ann: I’d like to go to that university. What was it like? Steve: Well… a big grey building, surrounded with trees. Ann: Beautiful?

Steve: Nothing very remarkable. Of course there were lecture halls, classrooms and a number of laboratories.

Ann: Any facilities for sport and P.E. (Physical Exercises)?

Steve: Let me see… Yes… A gymnasium with changing rooms (раздевалки) and showers, a tennis court… What else… A playing field for netball and football.

Ann: I believe students spend a lot of time together, don’t they? Steve: Definitely. We had student societies and clubs.

Ann: Am I right to believe that they are for those interested in drama and music?

Steve: Quite… and also politics, modern languages, literature, science and athletics.

Ann: Ah… that’s worth knowing. Thank you very much. You’ve been most helpful.

***

Translate the dialogue into English.

-Я слышал, Дэвид, ты поступил в Оксфордский университет в этом году.

-Да, на экономический факультет, а что?

-Скажи, пожалуйста, тебе там трудно заниматься?

-Да, работать приходится очень много. Я уже забыл, когда ходил в бассейн последний раз. Только библиотека, читальный зал, компьюте˝р, лаборатории. Но, говорят, потом будет легче.

-Я бы этого не сказал. Но если ты успешно закончишь университет, ты сможешь получить хорошую работу.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Convert the following statements into Indirect Speech.

Part 1.

1. I said to Jack, “Please give me your dictionary.” 2. The bus-conductor said to the passengers, “Don’t get off the bus while it is going.” 3. Mary said to her brother, “Take the letter to the Post Office, please.” 4. The teacher said to Tom, “Collect the exercise-books and put them on my table.” 5. The old man said to the little girl, “Don’t run across the street.” 6. The teacher said to the pupils, “Learn the poem by heart.” 7. I said to my friend, “Meet me outside the cinema at six o’clock.” 8. Mary’s mother said to her, “Don’t go out without your coat on.” 9. The teacher said to the students, “Open your books at page 60.” 10. The doctor said to the sick man, “Don’t go to work for a fortnight.” 11. Jack said to the policeman, “Tell me the time, please.” 12. The teacher said to the student, “Clean the blackboard, please.”

Part 2.

1. I asked the old gentleman, “Are you feeling tired?” 2. The hotel manager asked the visitors, “Did you sleep well?” 3. He asked his wife, “Is the baby still. awake?” 4. The teacher asked Tom, “Do you come to school by bus or by foot?” 5. A man stopped me in the street and asked, “Have you got a light?” 6. The teacher asked us, “Do you understand the question or not?” 7. Henry asked his son, “Do you want to be an engineer or a doctor?” 8. I ask Mike, “Are you going to play football on Friday or on Saturday?” 9. The teacher asked me, “Do you spell ‘swimming’ with one ‘m’ or a double ‘m’?” 10. He asked his secretary, “Has the postman been yet?”

Exercise 2. Change the following questions into Indirect Speech.

1. “Where are you going, Mary?”, asked her friend. 2. “Do you live in Moscow?” Mr. Belov asked Mr. Smith. 3. “What do you usually have for breakfast?” the granny asked her granddaughter. 4. Jack’s father asked him, “Who are you writing a letter to?” 5. The teacher asked Bob, “When did you

learn to swim?” 6. I saw a cloud of smoke and asked, “What is on fire?” 7. Mary’s mother asked her, “Where have you left your shoes?” 8. I asked her, “Who gave you that watch?” 9. Peter asked me, “When are you going to have dinner?” 10. Mr. Smith asked his wife, “How much do you spend on food every week?” 11. The policeman asked me, “Where did you lose your wallet?” 12. The teacher came into the classroom and asked the pupils, “What are you doing?” 13. Henry asked Tom, “Who did you visit at the hospital?” 14. I asked Bob, “Why didn’t you answer my letter?” 15. There was a crowd in the street. I asked a man in the crowd, “What is the matter?” 16. The teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard and then asked, “Who has got all the answers right?” 17. The little boy asked his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?” 18. I asked him, “Who are you looking at?” 19. A man asked his friend, “When did you buy your car?” 20. Tom asked the teacher, “What does the word mean?”

Exercise 3. Put the following into Indirect Speech.

1. “We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work,” they said. 2. “We have moved into a new flat. We don’t like it nearly so much as our old one,” said my aunt. 3. “Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets much sun,” she said. 4. “I’ve been in London for a month but so far I haven’t had time to visit the Tower,” he said. 5. He said, “My wife has just been made a judge.” 6. “Who put salt in my coffee?” he asked. 7. “Why did you travel first class?” I asked him. 8. “What else did you see?” I asked the boy. 9. “What is your new house like?” 1 asked them. 10. “Did they understand what you said to them?” he inquired. 11. “Haven’t you got a television set?” he asked. 12. “When you don’t like a film do you stay to the end or walk out in the middle?” she asked. 13. “Don’t argue with your father,” I said. 14. “Wait for me near the bridge,” said the young man. 15. “Don’t make a sound,” he said in a whisper. 16. “Don’t go near the water, children,” she said. 17. “Don’t forget your sandwiches,” said his mother. 18. “Please don’t say anything to make her angry,” said my father. 19. “Please don’t leave the gate open,” the farmer said to the visitors. 20. “Don’t climb that tree in your new trousers, Richard,” his father said.

Exercise 4. Translate the following into English.

1. Вчера в 9 часов вечера я смотрел телевизор. 2. Она сказала, чт˝о еще не выполнила домашнее задание. 3. Когда пришел мой друг, я ещ˝е не кончил завтракать. 4. Когда впервые я ее встретил, она работ˝ала в школе. 5. Все студенты выполнили задание правильно после того, как˝ преподаватель рассказал им, как его делать. 6. Когда мы вышли на улицу, ярко ˝светило солнце. 7. Мой друг сказал, что его брат уже приехал. 8. Я читал к˝нигу, когда услышал телефонный звонок. 9. После того, как врач осм˝отрел

больного, он поговорил с его родственниками. 10. Когда мы при˝шли на остановку, автобус уже ушел. 11. Он спросил меня, видел ли я, чт˝о произошло. 12. Когда я пришел, она накрывала на стол. 13. Я часто ˝ходил в этот кинотеатр, когда работал в этом районе. 14. С кем вы раз˝говаривали по телефону, когда я вошла в комнату? 15. Вчера мы весь день ра˝ботали в саду. 16. Он пошел гулять после того, как пообедал. 17. Я спросил ˝у него, почему он не ответил на мое письмо.

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with pronouns:

1. Is there ... interesting in the magazine? 2. There are ... books on the table. 3. ... in the house is clean and good. 4. There is ... here. 5. She will tell us ...

about her work. 6. She doesn’t want ... new dresses. 7. Is he going ... today? 8. Good morning, ... . 9. He never goes by train, he goes ... by aeroplane. 10. They want a house, they have ... to live. 11. Is ... coming to see us today? 12. There aren’t ... pencils in the box. 13. I didn’t see ... .

Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets in the Future Simple or the Future Continuous Tense.

1. This time next month I (sit) on a beach. 2. When you arrive I probably (pick) fruit. 3. When we reach England it (rain) probably. 4. I’ll call for her at eight – No, she still (have) breakfast. 5. I (wait) for you when you come out. 6. When you next see me I (wear) my new dress. 7. I’ll give Jack your message. I can do it easily because I (see) him tomorrow. We go to work by the same train. 8. In a hundred years people (go) to Mars for their holidays. 9. I (use) the car this afternoon. 10. I (see) you again. 11. I’ll come at three o’clock. – Good, I (wait) for you. 12. What do you think the children (do) when we get home? – I expect they (have) their supper. 13. The garden (look) its best next month. 14. We’ve just got to the top in time. The sun (rise) in a minute. 15. Air hostess: We (take off) in a few minutes. Please fasten your safety belts. 16. Let’s go out tomorrow because Mary (practise) the piano all day. 17. Don’t ring her up now, she (put) the children to bed. Ring later. 18. That football club has lost some of their players. They (look) out for new men. 19. When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me. 20. The doctor is over sixty, but he doesn’t want to retire. I think he still (work) when he is seventy. 21. She is retiring soon; she (not teach) in this school much longer.

Exercise 7. Put the following statements into Indirect Speech (commands, requests, advice, suggestions).

Part 1.

1.“Would you please fill in this form and then join the queue by the door?” said the clerk.

2.“Could you read the last sentence again, please?” said the examiner.

3.“Could I have a new cheque book, please?” said the girl. “Could you show me your old cheque book?” said the bank clerk.

4.Postcard: Be ready to move off at a very short notice. Tom. Ann (reading it to Mary): Tom says that we ...

5.“Please, please don’t tell my mother,” begged the boy.

6.“Don’t fire except in self-defence,” said the police sergeant.

7.“Why don’t you take a day off?” said my assistant.

8.“Will you help me to move the piano, please?” said my aunt.

9.“Don’t drive too close to the car in front,” said the driving instructor.

10.“Don’t smoke near the petrol pump,” said the mechanic.

Part 2.

11.“When you’ve chosen a book, bring it to me and I’ll stamp it,” said the librarian.

12.“Show the boarding card to the man at the foot of the gangway,” said the clerk.

13.“Reduce speed now,” said a huge poster.

14.“Could I see your ticket, please?” said the inspector.

15.“Keep an eye on your luggage,” he said. “This place is full of thieves.”

16.“When you have read this, pass it on to the next person on the list,” he said.

17.“Why not light a fire on the bank and cook the fish at once?” suggested the fisherman.

18.“Whenever you see the number “7” on the screen, press this button,” he said.

19.“Sit down and tell me what is worrying you,” he said to her.

20.“Walk along the line of men,” said the police sergeant “and if you recognize your attacker, just nod. Don’t say anything.”

Part 3.

21.“Even if you feel hungry don’t eat anything between meals,” said the dietician.

22.“Could you ring up the taxi rank and order a taxi for me?” said Tom. “Why don’t you go by tube?” said Ann. “It’s much quicker.”

23.“Let’s buy some yeast and make our own bread,” said Mary. “The bread we’re getting now is absolutely tasteless.”

24.“If you have to use the river water,” said the guide, “boil it first. Don’t drink it unboiled.”

25.“Let’s not tell anyone,” said Tom, “till we are quite certain that the report is true.”

26.Tom (on phone to Ann): I’ve got the tickets. Meet me at the air terminal at 6.30.

(Imagine that you are Ann. Report this message to Mary, who is standing beside you. Begin: Tom says . . .)

27.“Let’s show that we are united,” urged the shop steward, “by voting unanimously to continue the strike.”

28.“Will customers please count their change,” said a note above the cashier’s desk, “as mistakes cannot be rectified afterwards.”

29.“Don’t clap yet,” warned my friend. “She hasn’t finished. Singers loathe people who clap too soon,” he added.

30.“Don’t forget to put your name at the top of the page,” he said.

Exercise 8. Use the Future Simple Tense or the Future Continuous Tense.

Part 1.

1.Jack usually gives me a lift home, but we both (come) home by train tomorrow as his car is being repaired.

2.He says he (meet) us at the bus stop, but I’m sure he (forget) to show up.

3.Don’t ring now; she (watch) her favourite TV programme. – All right. I (ring) at 8.30.

4.I wonder what I (do) this time next year. – I expect you still (work) at the same office.

5.I’d like to double-glaze the bedroom windows. – All right. I (get) the materials at once and we (do) it this weekend.

6.Wait a bit. Don’t drink your tea without milk. The milkman (come) in a minute.

7.What are you doing next weekend? – Oh, I (work) as usual. I’m always on duty on weekends.

8.Air hostess: We (take) off in a few minutes. Please fasten your seat belts.

9.He (come) if you ask him.

10.I arranged to play tennis with Tom at nine tonight. – But you (play) in semi-darkness. You won’t be able to see the ball.

Part 2.

11.I (get) you some aspirins if you like. The chemist’s still (be) open. – No, don’t bother. The office boy (go) out in a minute to post the letters; I (ask) him to buy me some.

12.It (be) very late when she gets home and her parents (wonder) what’s happened.

13.I never (be) able to manage on my own. – But you won’t be on your own. Tom (help) you. Look - his name is bracketed with yours on the list. – Oh, that’s all right. But Tom (not help) me: I (help) Tom. He always takes charge when we’re on duty together.

14.I (write) postcards every week, I promise, and I (try) to make them legible. I (type) them.

15.Typist: Are you in a hurry for this letter, Mr. Jones? Because I (type) Mr White’s letters at four o’clock and if yours could wait till … – Mr. Jones: I’d

like it a little earlier than four if possible. Typist: All right. I (type) it for you now.

16.What happened at last night’s meeting? I hear there was quite a disturbance.

– Come and see me and I (tell) you. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.

17.I’m going to Switzerland next week. – You’re lucky. The wild flowers just (come) out.

18.This time next month the snow (melt) and skiing will be over.

19.The first day of the term will be horrible, for everybody (talk) about their holidays and (show) photographs of marvellous foreign beaches, and as I haven’t been anywhere I (feel) terrible.

20.I (tell) her what you say but she (not believe) it.

Part 3.

21.It’s 7 a.m. and here we are on top of a mountain. At home people just (get) up now.

22.But you can’t go to a fancy dress party in a dinner jacket! – Why not? – Because everyone (wear) fancy dresses. – All right. I (wrap) the hearthrug round me and (go) as a caveman.

23.The coming election (be) the talk of the town for the next fortnight. The party leaders (speak) on TV and the local candidates (address) meetings in the constituencies.

24.This time tomorrow everyone (read) of your success, and all sorts of people (ring) up to congratulate you.

25.That oak tree still (stand) there fifty years from now.

26.You please (forward) my mail to the Grand Hotel? I (stay) there as usual for the first fortnight in August.

27.Heavens! Look at the time. Your father (come) home in a minute and I haven’t even started getting dinner ready!

28.James (leave) for Australia quite soon. He has got a job there.

29.The car (not start). – If you get in, Tom and I (give) it a push.

30.It’s nearly Christmas already. Carol singers (come) round soon.

31.On the news tonight they mentioned the possibility of a power strike. Everybody (look) for candles tomorrow.

32.Hotel receptionist on phone to the client: What time you (arrive), Mr Jones?

Mr Jones: I (travel) on the 4.30 from Victoria. There (be) taxis at the station? Receptionist: Don’t bother about taxis, Mr Jones. We (send) the hotel car down for you.

33.You (use) your dictionary this afternoon? – No. You can borrow it if you like. – Thanks very much. I (put) it back on your desk this evening.

34.Ann: This time next week I (have) my first skating lesson. Tom: And this time next month you (hobble) about, covered withbruises!

35.It’s a beautiful drive. I’m sure you (enjoy) the scenery. – I (not have) a chance to look at it. I (map-read), and Tom gets so furious if I make a mistake that I (be) afraid to take my eyes off the map.

36.I (write) in code if you insist, but I don’t think it’s at all necessary.

Exercise 9. Use Future Simple or Future Simple in the Past:

1. I hope I (to get) a doll on Christmas, but my brother said he (to get) a new camera. 2. Do you think it (to rain) tomorrow? – I hope not. 3. Nelly promised she (to send) a card from Florida. 4. I am sure we ( to have) a thunderstorm tonight. 5. – I (to go) to the post-office for you? 6. I had no idea when they (to come). 7. We said we (not to watch) TV all day long. 8. I doubted if they (to make) it up. 9. Tell them again, perhaps they (to understand) 10. They (to come) if we invite them? 11. There (to be) a lot of people at the conference. 12. She says she (to have to) change the clock. 13. She was afraid he (to feel) depressed. 14. I assure you he never (to tell a lie). 15. They say this firm (to publish) this book next year.

ADDITIONAL READING

Cambridge

Cambridge must be one of the best-known towns in the world and can be found on most tourists’ lists of places to visit. The principal reason for its fame is its University, which started during the 13th century and grew steadily. Today there are more than twenty colleges.

The most popular place from which to view them is from the Backs, where the college grounds go down to the River Cam.

The oldest college is Peterhouse, which was founded in 1284, and the most recent is Robinson College, which was opened in 1977. The most famous is probably King’s, because of its magnificent chapel.

The University was exclusively for men until 1871 when the first women’s college was opened. Another was opened two years later and a third in 1954. In the 1970s, most colleges opened their doors to both men and women. Almost all colleges are now mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal numbers of both sexes.

Cambridge is a university for the serious student, one who has high expectations for his/her personal and intellectual life and for his/her career.