Range Conditions Using the BETWEEN Operator

SELECT

last_name, salary

FROM

employees

WHERE

salary

BETWEEN 2500 AND 3500

;

Lower limit

Upper limit

Range Conditions Using the BETWEEN Operator

Academy

You can display rows based on a range of values using the

BETWEEN operator. The range that you

specify contains a lower limit and an upper limit.

The SELECT statement in the slide returns rows from the EMPLOYEES table for any employee

whose salary is between $2,500 and $3,500.

Oracle

Values that are specified with the BETWEEN operator are i

c usive. However, you must specify the

lower limit first.

&

Only

You can also use the BETWEEN oper tor on character values:

SELECT

last name

FROM

employ s

WHERE

last name BETWEEN 'King' AND 'Smith';

Use

Internal

Oracle

Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Academy

Membership Condition Using the IN Operator

Oracle

To test for values in a specified set of values, use the IN operator. The condition defined using the

IN operator is also known as the membership condition.

The IN operator can be used with any data type. The followi g example returns a row from the

EMPLOYEES table, for any employee whose&last name is i cluded in the list of names in the WHERE

clause:

Only

SELECT

employee id, manag r id, department_id

FROM

employ s

WHERE

last name IN ('Hartstein', 'Vargas');

Use

If characters or dates are used in the list, they must be enclosed with single quotation marks ('').

Internal

Note: The IN op rator is internally evaluated by the Oracle server as a set of OR conditions, such as

a=value1 or a=value2 or a=value3. Therefore, using the IN operator has no performance

benefits nd is used only for logical simplicity.

Oracle

SELECT

first_name

FROM

employees

WHERE

first_name

LIKE 'S%'

;

Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Academy

Pattern Matching Using the LIKE Operator

Oracle

You may not always know the exact value to search for. You can s l ct rows that match a character

pattern by using the LIKE operator. The character pattern–mat hing operation is referred to as a

wildcard search. Two symbols can be used to construct the search string.

Symbol

Description

&

Only

_

%

Represents any sequence of zero or more characters

beginning with a lowercaseInternal“s” are not returned.

Represents ny single character

Use

The SELECT statement in he slide returns the first name from the EMPLOYEES table for any

employee whose first

ame begins with the letter “S.” Note the uppercase “S.” Consequently, names

OracleFROM

employees

Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Academy

Combining Wildcard Characters

When you need to have an exact match for the actual % and

characters, use the ESCAPE identifier.

Oracle

This option specifies what the escape character is. If you wa

t to search for strings that contain SA_,

you can use the following SQL statement:

&

SELECT employee id, last_name,Onlyjob id

FROM employees WHERE job id LIKE '%SA\_%' ESCAPE '\';

Use

Internal

OracleThe ESCAPE identifier identifies the backslash (\) as the escape character. In the SQL statement, the