- •Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.
- •Bronze Age Stone age on the territory of Kazakhstan. Divisions into periods, archaeological monuments. Main characteristics.
- •Saks tribal unity (location, economy, culture, social organization).
- •Huns in the history of Central Asia (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Usuns in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Turks in the history of Eurasia. Turkic and Western Turkic Khanates (politic and social history, economy).
- •7)Turgeshes and Kharlukhs in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •Oghuz state in the history of Kazakhstan (location, economy, social organization, political history).
- •The Great Silk Way on the territory of Kazakhstan.
- •17) The development of culture and science in VI – XII centuries (Abu Nasyr al-Farabi, Balasaguni, u. Kazhgari, m. Khodzha Akhmed Yassaui).
- •20 )The formation of the state of White Horde and Mughulistan (political history, social organization).
- •The Mongol conquest of the territory of Kazakhstan and the consequences of the invasion.
- •Abulkhair Khanate (1428-1468) or The State of Nomadic Uzbeks.
- •23. Ethno genesis of a Kazakh people. The origin of the ethno name ‘Kazakh’.
- •The Kazakh Zhuzes: the origin, territory, tribal structure.
- •25. The formation and demise of Kazakh khanate XV-XVI.
- •27) The history of assessment of the Small, Middle and Great Hordes with Russia XVIII-XIX cc.
- •28. The history of assessment of the Small and Middle Zhuses with Russia.
- •The history of assessment of the Great Zhuz with Russia.
- •31. The assessment of Kazakhstan into Russian empire: the main stages and their features.
- •Kazakhstan within the Russian empire (administrative reforms of 1822, 1824, 1867-68 years and their colonial character).
- •Islamization and the introduction of Shari’a law by the end of the seventeen century.
- •43. Kazakh Khanate in the late 17-18vv. Politics Khan Tauke to unite the Kazakh land. "Jeti-zhargy."
- •48) The impact of Russian revolution of 1905 – 1907 on Kazakhstan.
- •51) ‘Alash Orda’ political party, its program aims and activity.
- •52) The success of 1917 October revolution and the establishment of Soviet government in Kazakhstan.
- •55) The policy of ‘military communism’ in Kazakhstan (1918-1920).
- •The Collectivization in Kazakhstan (1928-1940): the means of introduction and its consequences.
- •The policy of Soviet government in the field of culture in 1920-1930ss years.
- •In that policy we can find advantages and disadvantages.
- •The crimes of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan: the mass repressions of 1920-1930ss years.
- •63) The feats of labour of Kazakhstan people during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).
- •The cultivation of the “Virgin Lands” in Kazakhstan in 1950-1960ss years: the projects and results.
- •68.The epoch of Enlightenment in Kazakhstan. Ibrahim Altynsarin the great teacher of humanity.
- •69. Kazakhstan – the new nation in the system of international relations. (membership in uno and other organizations).
- •72. The history of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- •73) The fates of the leaders of Alash Orda government.
- •74) Kazakhstan as the successful experience of multiethnic state.
- •75) The role and functions of the Assembly of Kazakhstan people.
- •76) The foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present time.
- •77. The collapse of the ussr. Proclamation of Kazakhstan as a sovereign and independent state.
- •79, The state symbols of Kazakhstan
- •80. The main priorities of the entrance of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 50 most competitive countries of the world.
- •81) Kazakhstan chairmanship in osce in 2010.
- •82. The Parliament of Kazakhstan
- •86) The crimes of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan: the mass repressions of 1920-1930ss years.
- •89) The history of Kazakhstan at the beginning of the XX century. The role of the first Kazakh press.
- •90) The main priority is a multi-vector foreign policy
17) The development of culture and science in VI – XII centuries (Abu Nasyr al-Farabi, Balasaguni, u. Kazhgari, m. Khodzha Akhmed Yassaui).
Evidence of the development of medieval culture is good work of the philosopher-scientist encyclopedist, and from Otrar Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Tarkhan Uzlaga Ibn al-Farabi al-Turki (870-950). He has a philosophy, mathematics, surveying, architecture, music theory, is known for research in the field of ethics. Farabi - scientist, thinker world, he brought together and synthesized in his work achievements of Arab, Persian, Greek, Indian, Turkic culture. He’s works such as «Big Book of Music», «Word on the classification of science», «gems of wisdom» and etc., can give everybody its richest thing. Manuscripts Farabi available in many libraries in the world, and science on his legacy formed in farabievedenie. A prominent representative of Turkic literature X-XIIvv Balasaguni is Yusuf, who was born about 1017 belonged to him, written in 1069-1070 poem «Kutadgu bilig», translated into Russian as «Science to be happy». This book is an encyclopedic work in the native language of Turks, the political treatise of philosophical reflection on philosophical problems of meaning in life, the place and role in human society, nature. The author of essays on language, folklore, ethnography is a Turkic tribes Mahmoud Kashgari (1029-1101gg.), His book « Diwan lugat at-turk» «Dictionary of Turkic dialects» - Turkish encyclopedia written in 1072-1074. It was collected and compiled historical-cultural, ethnographic and linguistic materials. Here are the main genres of Turkic-speaking folklore - songs, literature, traditions, legends, more than 400 proverbs, sayings, and oral expressions. In the Middle Ages lived and worked the head of the Turkic branch of Sufism, a thinker and poet Hodja Ahmet Yasavi (by various sources, he spent 73 years, 85 years, 125 years old, precisely known date of death is 1166). Maintain its work «The book of wisdom», written in Qypchaq dialect of Turkic language. His life and activities associated with the city Yasy (Turkestan). Ahmet Yassavi and his followers managed to unite the religious ideology of Islam with the mass consciousness of the Turkic peoples from their tegrian-shamanists’, Zoroastrian beliefs. Built at the turn of XIV-XV centuries in honor of Ahmet Yassavi mausoleum «Hazret Sultan» in Turkestan is the polomnichestva Muslims.
18) Mongol conquest of Central Asia and Kazakhstan: causes, chronology, stages and consequences. The heroic defense of Otrar.
In 1215 Beijing has been taken, and by 1217 the Mongols conquered all the lands north of the Yellow River. / / In 1206 Temuchin was proclaimed whole mongol Khan and won the title of Genghis Khan. Genghis it means “win”. After China, Genghis Khan was preparing to campaign in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. / / Winning Khorezm. Khorezm at the beginning of the XIII century. was at the top of his power, he united the land itself Khorezm, Maverannakhra, Iran, Khorasan Province, southern Kazakhstan. Alarmed by the news of the victories of the Mongols horezmshah Mohammed sent their ambassadors to Mongolia. Following this, in the Khorezm arrived embassy responded with offers of peace. Followed embassy trade caravan stopped in Otrar, Kayyr Khan Alyp-Derek, as the city governors, merchants suspected of spying and ordered to execute them. Moreover, Muhammad ordered the executions following, which the Mongols could not forgive. Horezmshah divided his army into several parts and garrisons than actually leaving it to defeat. The war in September 1219. began with the siege of Otrar. / / Otrar The siege lasted almost five months. / / Thus, as a result of 1219-1241. Territory of Deshty Kipchak and Maverannakhr joined the empire of Genghis Khan, and were divided between his sons. Zhoshi eldest son, he gave the land Saryarka and further west, to the south - to the Caspian and Aral seas. Second son of Genghis Khan - Shagatayu won Maverannakhra, Zhetysu. Third son Ugedeyu Chingis Khan singled out the Western Mongolia and Tarbagatay. Tulu inherited his father's Ulus - actually Mongolia.
-
The state of Golden Horde (political history, economy, social organization).
When Shynghys khan’s empire was distributed among his heirs, the territory of present-day Kazakhstan was divided between his sons, Jochi and Chagatai. Jochi predeceased his father, and so his inheritance (the lands west of the Irtysh River) passed to his son, Batu, who expanded his territory westward and founded the Golden Horde. Chagatai controlled the Semirech’e region as well as western Jungaria and Mawarannahr.
During the first half of the thirteenth century Batu’s territories continued to expand westward, but his headquarters remained at Sarai (in the heart of Dashti-Qipchak), 65 miles north of Astrakhan. The vastness of his holdings made it easy for loyal but independent khanates to emerge within the territory of the Golden Horde. Over the first quarter of the fourteenth century, a semiautonomous Mongol khanate gradually emerged, known as the White Horde and encompassing the Syr Darya region. The khan of the White Horde, who wintered around Sygnak, controlled the steppe northwest of the Aral Sea as far as the Ishim and Sarysu rivers. The first khan of the White Horde paid tribute to the khans of the Golden Horde. Eight successive khans tried unsuccessfully to gain complete autonomy for the White Horde, but it was not until 1364 that independence from the Goldern Horde was achieved. Even this was short-lived, as Tokhtamysh (reigned 1381-1395), khan of the Golden Horde, succeeded in reuniting the Golden and White Hordes. This period saw the redevelopment of agriculture, the founding or reconstruction of trading centres in Southern Kazakhstan, and the re-establishment of a unified and viable economic region, all necessary preconditions for the emergence of a united Kazakh people one hundred years later.
Efforts by the Ilkhans to interdict this trade, or even to prevent direct trade between Iran and Egypt, failed.23 Kipchaks dominated the Egyptian Mamluk corps during the Bahri period (1250-1382), and did not relinquish that pre-eminence to the Circassians
until after the disintegration of the Ilkhanate. Berke, Muslim khan of the Golden Horde, permitted his fellow Muslim, Baybars, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and ally against the Ilkhanids, to purchase slaves in Juchid territory: 200 in 1262, 1,300 in 1263, and more in 1264.24 Kipchak Turkic became the spoken and literary language of the Mamluk military-political elite, all of whose members, even if not of Kipchak or even Turkic origin, took Turkish names to distinguish them from their Arabic-named subjects and children. Kipchaks were not 'recruited' as eunuchs in Egypt. When a Mamluk Sultan wanted to praise his Turkman auxiliaries, he called them 'pure Kipchaks'.25