9 Open the brackets and fill in with the proper participle.

1. He fell asleep (exhaust) by the journey. 2. She entered the dining room (accompany) by her husband and her father. 3. A snake (sleep) in the grass will bite if anyone treads upon it. 4. (Fill) his pockets with apples the boy was about to run away when he saw the owner of the garden with a stick in his hand. 5. It was a bright Sunday morning of early summer (promise) heat. 6. When I came home, I found the table (lay). 7. (Judge) by the colour of the sun it should be windy tomorrow. 8. (Arrive) at a big seaport, I started to look for a job. 9. He had received an urgent message (ask) him to telephone Sir Matthew. 10. He looked at groups of young girls (walk) arm in arm. 11. In the wood they sat down on a (fall) tree. 12. (See) from the hill the city looks magnificent. 13. (Not know) where to go he turned to a passer by. 14. (Lock) in her room she threw a fit. 15. (Address) the parcel, I went out at once to post it. 16. She often took care of my little sister (give) me a possibility to play with other boys. 17. (Wash) her face in cold water, she came up to the window and shut it. 18. Paul sat down again, evidently (change) his mind about going.

10 Open the brackets and use participial constructions with the conjunctions when, while, as if, as though, if, till, unless.

Example: When you cross the street, be careful at the crossroads. – When crossing the street, be careful at the crossroads.

1. When he was lying he spoke more quickly than when he was telling the truth. 2. She stood in front of the mirror as if she were speaking to herself. 3. She screamed as though she had been badly hurt. 4. He is a quiet man. He never hurries unless he is pressed for time. 5. While I was waiting for you, I was looking through newspapers and magazines. 6. When he was asked about it, he could say nothing. 7. When the article is translated, it will be typed. 8. While I was crossing the street yesterday, I saw an accident. 9. A promise accounts so little till it is kept. 10. When he was a student he used to study at the library. 11. He was hesitating whether to take the step, which if it was mistaken, could put him to trouble.

Формы герундия
			Active	Passive
Indefinite (Simple)			writing	being written
Perfect			having written	Having been written
Что значат эти формы? Рассмотрите предложения, иллюстрирующие значение разных форм герундия
Что он любит?
Indefinite (Simple)	Active	He likes telling fairy tales. рассказывать
	Passive	He likes being told fairy tales. Что бы ему рассказывали
Чем он гордится?
Perfect	Active	He is proud of having spoken to this outstanding person. Что поговорил
	Passive	He is proud of having been spoken to. Что с ним поговорили

Exercise 11

Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Gerund.

1. She has always dreamt of living in a small house by the sea. 2. She disliked living in her old house. 3. She was thinking of buying a new one. 4. Now, she enjoys living in a beautiful new house. 5. She misses seeing the neighbours of course. 6. Usually she enjoyed talking to them and didn't mind helping them. 7. She likes cooking and is very good at it. 8. But she doesn't like washing and ironing. 9. She hates getting up early, but she has to. 10. She doesn't mind working a lot, you know. 11. She enjoys driving an expensive car. 12. She has always dreamt of traveling round the world. 13. But she hates flying and she's never been overseas. 14. She has risen to be head of the company in spite of being a woman in a man's world. 15. She loves meeting people because she can't bear being alone. 16. She loves talking to the press and appearing on TV shows. 17. She enjoys being photographed because she thinks she's beautiful. 18. She hates being laughed at. 19. She likes being stared at because she thinks she's attractive. 20. But she hates being ignored. 21. The place is worth visiting. 22. Watching foot­ball matches may be exciting enough, but of course it is more exciting playing football. 23. She stopped coming to see us, and I wondered what had happened to her. 24. Can you remember having seen the man before? 25. She was terrified of having to speak to anybody, and even more, of being spoken to. 26. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him. 27. After being corrected by the teacher, the students' papers were returned to them. 28. I wondered at my mother's having allowed the journey. 29. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 30. Everybody will discuss the event, there is no preventing it. 31. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the din­ing room? 32. On being told the news, she turned pale.

Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения, требующие после себя герундия:
to avoid to burst out cannot help to deny to enjoy	to excuse to finish to forgive to give up to go on		to keep (on) to mind to postpone to put off to stop
Запомните следующие глаголы и выражения, требующие после себя герундия с определёнными предлогами:
to accuse of to agree to to approve of to be afraid of to congratulate on to depend on to dream of to feel like to give up the idea of		to insist on to look forward to to object to to persist in to prevent from to succeed in to suspect of to thank for to think of

Exercise 12

Open the brackets and use the proper form of the Gerund.

1. The machine needs (to clean)¹. 2. I am quite serious in (to say) that I don't want to go abroad. 3. He seemed sorry for (to be) inattentive to his child. 4. She confessed to (to forget) to send the let­ter. 5. The old man could not stand (to tell) what he should do. 6. Going to the party was no use: he had no talent for (to dance). 7. The Bronze Horseman is worth (to see)¹. 8. After thoroughly (to examine) the student, the professor gave him a satisfactory mark. 9. After thoroughly (to examine) by the examination commission, the student was given a satisfac­tory mark. 10. She accused him of (to steal) her purse. 11. She reproached me for (not to write)to her. 12. This job is not worth (to take)¹. 13. After (to look) through and (to mark) the students papers, the teacher handed them back. 14. After (to look) through and (to mark), the papers were handed back to the students. 15. These clothes want (to wash). 16. David was very glad of (to find) his aunt.

17. Excuse me for (to break) your beautiful vase. 18. You never mentioned (to be) to Greece. 19. She was proud of (to award) the champion's cup. 20. I don't remember ever (to meet) your sister. 21. I don't remember (to ask) this question by any­body. 22. The cat was punished for (to break) the cup. 23. The cat was afraid of (to punish) and hid itself under the sofa. 24. The girls were busy (to pack) when one of them suddenly remembered (to leave) the milk on the stove which was probably boiling over. 25. Little David couldn't bear (to recite) his lessons in the presence of his stepfather and Miss Murdstone. They fright­ened him so that he couldn't help (to make) mistakes though he tried hard to avoid (to displease) them and (to scold). 26. I landed in London on an autumn evening. My friends expected me home for the holi­days, but had no idea of my (to return) so soon. I had purposely not informed them of my (to come), that I might have the pleasure of (to take) them by surprise. And yet I had a feeling of disappointment in (to receive) no welcome. I even felt like (to cry). 27. The girl was proud of (to choose) to represent the sportsmen of the school at the coming competition. She thanked her classmates for (to choose) her and promised to do her best to win.

1-Обратите внимание, что после глаголов to want, to need, to deserve, to require, а также после слова worth употребляется active gerund, хотя по значению он passive.

E.g. My watch needs repairing (а не being repaired)

Exercise №13. Complete the sentences on the right using the gerunds formed from the verbs in the box.

persuade	go
remember	gamble
do	see
try	visit
talk	watch
buy	get
speak	cry

1. Do you ever watch TV? Never. I think it's a waste of time___. 2. I advise you to see the film which is on at our local cinema. It is worth___. 3. He is speaking too much. I think it's no use___into every detail. 4. Why are you speaking so much of it? To my mind, the matter is not worth___of. 5. Why are you crying? You are seven years old already. Is it good___over the broken doll? 6. Stay in bed then. It is no good___anything if you feel bad. 7. Have you talked to Alice? Yes, but we had difficulty ___ to her. I did not expect her to be so stubborn. I think it's a waste of time___her to follow our advice. 8. She has bought a new fur coat. — Well, to my mind, there is no point in___a new one if she has already got four coats! 9. What are you going to do tonight? Let's go to the casino. — I think it is a waste of money___. 10. Where have you been this summer? In Moscow. I had difficulty___a visa. 11. She has left for Paris. It's no use___ to get in touch with her. 12. England and Brazil are going to play tomorrow. I’ve already bought tickets. Matches between England and Brazil are worth ___. 13. Ronald Reagan often used Russian proverbs in his speech. I think he supposed they were worth___.

Exercise №14. Complete the following sentences using gerunds.

1. (Be) free and alone is a good thing if you are tired of big cities. 2. (Find) you here was quite a surprise. 3. If this is what you intend to ask me, stop (waste) your time. 4. They kept on (talk) though the band began (play). 5. Everyone enjoyed (swim) in the river. 6. My watch needs (repair). 7. He never mentioned (live) in Prague. 8. He does not seem to mind (air) the room. 9. Just imagine (go) there together! 10. Don't put off (do) it now. If you postpone (receive) a visa again, you will miss an excellent opportunity of (go) there.

affect воздействовать

head-on

inevitable неизбежный

oligopoly

helpful полезный

substitutes замена, замещение

mix ассортимент

down sloping снижающийся

demand спрос

bleach отбеливатель

spout носик, горлышко

subtle тонкий, едва различимый

shrink сокращаться, уменьшаться

sensible разумный

downward вниз

Vocabulary notes to text 3A.

modern — современный (относящийся к настоящему времени)

to bring about — влечь за собой, причинять, вызывать

to render —давать, оказывать

range — ряд, группа, ассортимент, сфера, область, пределы

irreparable — непоправимый

device — приспособление, устройство

technique — техника (исполнения)

to monitor — корректировать, управлять

current — текущий, настоящий

numerical — числовой

software — программы, используемые в работе компьютеров

a software package — пакет информации

inseparable — неразлучный, неотделимый

to apply — применять

measuring — измерительный

to aid — оказывать помощь

level — уровень

circuit — цель, цикл

to adjust — уточнять, приспособлять

Text 3A

THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEW

SCIENCE-INTENSIVE GOODS ON THE CHARACTER OF

MODERN TRADE

Trade in electronic and automation products, products of Biotechno­logy and atomic power equipment brings about the development of the rendering the Buyers a wide range of services that didn't exist before and that are associated with the use of the above sophisticated equipment and are the subject of trade now.

Since any fault in the production process of high-tech equipment may result in irreparable damage and very heavy losses, much effort has been made to develop devices and technique to monitor the whole technological process, including maintenance automatically, which is why we witness high rates of growth in the manufacture of advanced monitoring systems and fast scientific and technological progress in the sphere of maintenance, which in its turn is reflected in the current tendencies in trade. That explains why some companies set. up special new departments under the name of "The service Technology Group" or similar names whose task is to improve the after-sales servicing in the fields of monitoring systems and computerized maintenance.

Such high-tech equipment as computers is sold on a system basis combining electronic, mechanical and electrical units automatically operated under the programme put into it. The mechanical part of the equipment, numerical control and software packages are inseparable. A turnkey basis which was previously used for the sale of the complete equipment for factories, is now widely applied in trade of computer and lab instruments complexes, communication and radio-measuring equipment, laser machining centres, etc.

Consequently there appeared new forms of exports such as design automation systems, equipment for computer-aided engineering stations to develop electronic circuits and to render assistance on fitting mini-computers with software packages meeting the Buyers' individual requirements. So actually it is not purely equipment, but services.

Also, R and D and design centres are opened in the countries of future potential Buyers to meet the requirements of the customers to a high level and in the shortest possible time. It takes up to two years to develop individual integrated circuits, and one to six months to design and adjust the custom or semicustom semiconductor integrated circuits. So again it is rather service than equipment, or in the first place service, then equipment, in other worlds it is services for manufacturing circuits for individual use.

Exercise №1. Answer the questions on the text:

1. What specific goods appeared recently on the market?

2. How did the traditional system of trade change?

3. Why does the individual approach plays more and more important part in trade?

Exercise №2. Find English equivalents in the text: широкий перечень услуг; высокотехнологичные изделия; большие убытки; высокие темпы роста; послепродажное обслуживание; система «под ключ»; автоматическая система проектирования; электронные схемы; индивидуальные требования покупателя.

Exercise №3. GUESSING UNKNOWN WORDS