The world around us (ecological problems)

There are organizations which fight for nature preservation such as Greenpeace, Green Party and Friends of the Earth.

The main objective of Greenpeace to achieve the solution of global environmental problems including by attraction to them of public attention and of authorities.

Friends of the Earth consider environmental protection problems in social, contexts of human rights and political views.

The Green Party supports environment protection and social justice.

Since life first appeared on the Earth four billion year ago, there have been serious changes.

The most dangerous natural disasters are an earthquake, forest fires, hurricanes and tornados and volcanic eruptions.

Economics and business The concept of Business

Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Nowadays, the concept and activities of business have increased. One definition of business is production, distribution, and sale of goods or services for a profit.

First, production is the creation of cervices or processing of materials into products. For example, iron ore is converted into metal car parts. Next, these products need to be moved from plant to the market place. This is known as distribution. Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money.

Goods are products that people either need or want. Services, on the other hand, are activities that a person or group performs for another person or organization.

Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale. However, these is another important factor, creation of profit or economic surplus. A major goal in the functioning of any business is making a profit. Profit is the money that remains after all the expenses are paid. Creating an economic surplus or profit is a primary goal of business activity.

Economics

Economics is the study of how society allocates scarce resources and goods.

Resources are the inputs that society uses to produce output, called goods such as food, clothing and housing.

The term market differs from market system that market refers to arrangement that allows people to trade with each other but market system refers to the collection of all markets.

The market system is divided into two main theories macro and microeconomics.

Macroeconomics considers the aggregate performance of all markets in the market system and concerned with choice made by large subsectors- the household, the business and government sectors.

Microeconomics considers the individual markets and is concerned with the choice made by small economics units such as individual consumers, individual firms or individual government agencies.

An economic policy is a curse of action that is intended to influence or control the behavior of the economy. The goals of economic policy are economic growth, full employment and price stability.

People and society organize economic life to deal with the basic problems through economic system.

Most economic systems use basic methods to make economic decisions: tradition, command, markets and mixed.

Traditional economy means that people repeat the decisions made at earlier times or a by earlier generation.

Command economy means that people rely almost totally on government to make economic decisions through centralized authorities.

Market economy is the one when most productive resources are owned by private individuals.

The last of economic system is mixed economy. Mixed economies answer the basic economic questions party through the market and government but some market and tradition as well.