2. Answer the questions.

1. Who did Dr.Ornish develop his program for?

2. Why did Dr. Ornish set up support groups for his patients?

3. In what way did Dr.Ornish’s ideas about the groups change?

4. What does Dr.Ornish mean by social isolation?

5. What was different about the way of life in Roseto?

6. Why does the author recommend doing things for other people?

7. Why does the author say it is important to keep promises?

8. Why can keeping secrets be harmful for developing a sense of

community?

9. Why is listening to other people helpful?

3. Complete the sentences.

1. The program included …

2. Feelings of isolation lead to …

3. Connections to family and friends were …

4. Spending too much time alone weakens …

4. Are the sentences true or false? If it is false, change it to a true sentence.

1. According to the text Dr.Ornish is a specialist in heart disease.

2. Dr.Ornish doesn’t believe that social isolation is a major factor contributing to heart disease.

3. Connections to family and friends were much stronger in Roseto than in the other towns.

4. Spending too much time alone doesn’t weaken the body’s ability to fight disease.

III. Speaking

Discuss with a partner.

People who have had trouble with dentists can meet one another in support groups sponsored by the American Association of Dental Victims, which has 87 branches in the US and Canada.

Do you think it’s suitable for our country?

Unit 5

Biotechnology

I. Warm up

Read and translate the following quotation. Do you agree with the author?

Human body may be more than a sum of parts, but replacing failing parts should extend and improve life.

(David Mooney)

II. Vocabulary focus

1. Useful words for learning.

disparate несравнимый

achievement достижение, успех

achieve добиваться, достигать

stave off предотвращать, предупреждать

debilitate ослаблять, расслаблять; истощать

development разработка

advance успех, прогресс, достижение

create порождать, производить, создавать

suitability соответствие

instantaneously мгновенно

2. Match each component in Column 1 with equivalent from Column 2. Learn these word combinations.

1. disparate scientific achievement a) универсальная стволовая клетка

2. fundamental facet of life b) расшифровка человеческих генов

3. recovering from serious illness c) искусственно выращенный орган для трансплантации

4. elucidation of human genetics d) несоизмеримое научное достижение

5. leap in technology e) важная сторона жизни

6. custom-grown replacement organ f) прорыв в технологии

7. versatile stem cell g) излечение от тяжелой болезни

3. Don’t miss the chance to enrich your vocabulary!

Translate these word combinations with the words implant and transplant into Russian.

1. ceramic implant

2. plastic implant

3. silicone implant

4. to implant electrode

5. to reject a transplant

6. transplant operation

7. transplant patient

8. to transplant a heart

9. to transplant a kidney

III. Reading

1. Read the text and translate it into Russian.

In the next decade or two, several of the most important but disparate scientific and engineering achievements of the twentieth century - the blossoming of electronics, the discovery of DNA and the elucidation of human genetics - will be the basis for leaps in technology that will extend, enhance or augment human capabilities far more directly, personally and powerfully than ever before. The heady assortment of biotechnologies, implants, wearables, artificial environments, synthetic sensations, and even demographic and societal shifts defies any attempt at concise categorisation. As scientists and engineers unleash fully the power of the gene and of the electron, they will transform bits and pieces of the most fundamental facets of our lives, including eating and reproducing, staying healthy, being entertained and recovering from serious illness. Big changes could even be in store for what we wear, how we attract mates and how we stave off the debilitating effects of getting older. Within a decade, we will see a cloned human being, replacement hearts and livers, custom-grown from the recipient's own versatile stem cells.

Virtual reality becomes far more vivid and compelling by adding the senses of smell and touch to those of sight and sound. Essentially all the predicted developments will follow directly from technologies or advances that have already been achieved in the laboratory. Take that genetic muscle vaccine: a University of Pennsylvania researcher is exercising laboratory mice whose unnaturally muscular hind legs were created by injection. He has little doubt about the suitability of the treatment for humans. However, neurosurgeon Robert J. White, geneticist Dean Hamer and engineer-entrepreneur Ray Kurzweil stake out positions that are controversial among their peers. R.J. White raises the possibility of making the Frankenstein myth a reality as he declares that medical science is now capable of transplanting a human head onto a different body. Hamer uses today's scientific fact and his best guesses about tomorrow's technology to sketch a fictional account of a couple in the year 2250 customising the genes that will underlie their baby's behaviour and personality. Kutzweil argues not only that machines will eventually have human thoughts, emotions and consciousness but that their ability to share knowledge instantaneously will inexorably push them far past us in every category of endeavour, mental and otherwise.

Notes:

fictional account - воображаемый отчет

heady assortment - головокружительное сочетание