Министерство образования и науки российской федерации

Федеральное агентство по образованию

Санкт-Петербургская государственная академия сервиса и экономики

Кафедра «Межкультурные коммуникации»

Грамматика английского языка

Практикум

для студентов дневного отделения

всех специальностей и направлений

Санкт-Петербург

2005

Одобрены на заседании кафедры «Межкультурные коммуникации», протокол №3 от 17 ноября 2004 г.

Утверждены Методическим Советом СиУСП, протокол № 2 от 02.02. 2005 г.

Грамматика английского языка. Практикум для студентов дневного отделения всех специальностей и направлений. – СПб.: Изд-во СПбГАСЭ, 2005. – 80 с.

Составители: канд. биол. наук, доц. Т.Н. Леонтьева;

асс. Т.Т. Льонченко;

канд. филол. наук, доц. М.А. Никитина

Рецензент: проф., канд. филол. наук, доц. Е.П. Бугрий

 Санкт-Петербургская государственная академия сервиса и экономики

2005 г.

CONTENTS

MODULE 1	STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH SENTENCE		page 4
MODULE 2.	PRONOUNS SOME, ANY, NO.		page 7
MODULE 3.	DEGREES OF COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES		page 10
MODULE 4.	ENGLISH TENSES		page 12
MODULE 5.	PASSIVE VOICE		page 32
MODULE 6.	INDIRECT SPEECH		page 35
MODULE 7.	CONDITIONALS		page 37
MODULE 8.	MODALS		page 42
MODULE 9.	VERBALS		page 57
Unit 1.	INFINITIVE		page 57
Unit 2.	GERUND		page 67
Unit 3.	THE PARTICIPLES		Page 72
Literature			Page 79

MODULE 1.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ENGLISH SENTENCE

Word order. Positive sentence.

subject	predicate	object	adverbial modifier of place	adverbial modifier of time
подлежащее	сказуемое	дополнение	обстоятельство	обстоятельство места и времени
Our gardener	plants	roses	in the garden	every spring.

Exercise 1.

Put the words in the sentences into the correct order.

1. lives Tony in winter a big village in

2. are my friends playing now football

3. to I went the last Sunday park

4. a computer bought my new brother week last

5. at seaside do they not their spend summer the

6. many she friends to party birthday she usually invites

Questions. Types of Questions.

General question (Общий вопрос)

Do	you	live	in a big city?
Are	they	watching	TV now?
Did	he	spend	summer in Spain?

Alternative question ( Альтернативный вопрос)

Does	he	like	tea or coffee?
Do	they	play	tennis or football?

Special question (Специальный вопрос)

What	does	she	do?
Where	did	he	spend	last summer?
Why	is	he	crying	now?

Disjunctive question (Разделительный вопрос)

Mary lives in London,	doesn’t she?
They do not have a car,	do they?
She is writing a test now,	isn’t she?

Subject question (Вопрос к подлежащему):

She knows five languages	- Who knows five languages?
Andrew went for a walk.	- Who went for a walk?
Students are taking exams	- Who is taking exams?
Children were playing football.	- Who was playing football?
My friends live in Madrid.	- Who lives in Madrid?

Exercise 2.

Police are questioning the person they suspect. Add the correct tag to their questions below.

1 You were a good friend of Professor Millar's,___?

2 You'd known him for thirty years, ___?

3 He got you this job,___?

4 He didn't pay you very well,____?

5 You accidentally killed someone in your last job,___?

6 Professor Millar knew this, ___?

7 You've been trying to get another job,___?

8 You haven't been able to,___?

9 You were in the sitting room at around seven o'clock,____?

Exercise 3.

Make subject questions to ask about the missing information.

Example

The ZX Computer has a big memory. The MP-100 has a big memory. What do you ask the shop assistant?

Which computer has a bigger memory, the ZX or the MP-100?

a. You and a friend are watching a good film on TV when the phone rings, and you miss the end. What do you ask your friend when you come back into the room?

What ……..?

b. You hear a crash. You go into the living room and find your two children near a smashed vase. What do you ask them?

Who ……….?

c. You want to know how many people in your class come to school by car. What do you ask the class?

Who ……….?

d. All your friends are talking about something that happened at a party last night. You don't know anything about it. What do you ask?

What.

e. You are with a lot of children when you get to an ice ­cream shop. They can have either an ice-cream or a lolly. What do you ask them?

Who ……..?

Subject and object questions

Exercise 4.

Read the newspaper article, then ask the questions.

Schoolboy Hero.

Andrew Nelson, an 18-year-old schoolboy from Staffordshire, yesterday saved four people from a helicopter crash in which two people died. He was playing football at school when his friend Tony saw the helicopter crash in a nearby field. Immediately Andrew ran a mile to get to the scene of the accident. Andrew, whose father is a flying instructor, knew the helicopter was in danger of exploding, but he ran inside and pulled out four adults, one after the other. Meanwhile, the head teacher of his school phoned for an ambulance and the fire brigade.

They are lucky to be alive,' said the Chief Fire Officer.

a.______

'Four.'

b.______

'Two.'

c.______

'His friend, Tony.'

d._______

'In a nearby field.'

e.________

'A mile.'

d._______

'He's a flying instructor.'

e._______

'The head teacher of the school.'

f._______

'He said that they were lucky to be alive.

MODULE 2. SOME/ ANY AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

		thing		body	where
Some	Something Что-то, Что-нибудь		Somebody Кто-то Кто-нибудь			Somewhere Где-то Где-нибудь		в утвердительных предложениях
Any	Anything Все Что-то		Anybody Всякий, все Кто-то, Кто-нибудь			Anywhere Везде, Где-нибудь		В утвердительных, - вопросительных, отрицательных предложениях
No	Nothing Ничто ничего		Nobody никто			Nowhere Нигде		в отрицательных предложениях
Every	Everything все		Everybody все			Everywhere Везде, повсюду		В утвердительных, Вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях

Exercise 1.

Put in some or any.

1 I'm going to buy___ eggs.

2 They didn't make _____any____ mistakes.

3 I can pay. I've got _____money.

4 There aren't_____ shops in this part of the town.

5 George and Alice haven't got____ children.

6 Have you got _____ brothers or sisters?

7 There are _____ beautiful flowers in the garden.

8 Are there _____ letters for me this morning?

9 1 haven't got _____ stamps but Ann's got ____.

10 Do you know _____ good hotels in London?

11 'Would you like _____ tea?' 'Yes, please.'

12 Don't buy ____ rice. We don't need _____.

13 We haven't got _____ bread, so I'm going out to buy _____.

14 When we were on holiday, we visited______ very interesting places.

15 I went out to buy _____ milk but they didn't have_____ in the shop.

16 I'm thirsty. Can I have _____water, please?

Exercise2.

Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words:

air batteries chairs cheese friends languages milk money photographs problems shampoo stamps

1 I can't buy you a drink. I haven't got _____.

2 I want to wash my hair. Is there ______?

3 I'm going to the post office to get _______.

4 Can you speak _____ foreign _____.

5 I haven't got my camera, so I can't take _________.

6 Sorry we're late. We had______ with the car.

7 Everybody was standing because ______ in the hall.

8 It's hot in this office. I'm going out for ___ fresh .

9 Why isn't the radio working? Are there _____ in it?

10 Can I have _____in my coffee, please?

11 Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant with _____ of mine.

12 'Would you like _____ ?' 'No, thank you. I've had enough to eat.'

Exercise 3.

Put in somebody (or someone)/something/anybody (or anyone)/anything.

1 She said _____, but I didn't understand it.

2 'What's wrong?' There's_____ in my eye.'

3 Do you know ______. about politics?

4 I went to the shop but I didn't buy _____.

5 _____ has broken the window. I don't know who.

6 There isn't ________ in the box. It's empty.

7 I'm looking for my keys. Has _____ seen them?

8 Would you like _____ to drink?

9 I didn't eat _____ because I wasn't hungry.

10 I can do this job alone. I need_____ to help me.

Exercise 4. Translate into English, using some/ any and their derivatives

1. Дайте мне, пожалуйста, немного сыра, масла и пару бутербродов с рыбой.

2. У тебя есть что-нибудь почитать?

3. Ты встретил кого-нибудь из наших партнеров на конференции? Нет, я никого там не видел.

4. У вас есть какие-нибудь английские книжки?

5. Любой мог бы сделать эту работу.

6. Не хотите ли выпить что-нибудь?

7. Есть ли здесь где-нибудь почта?

Exercise 5.

Put in little, few,, much, many

1. He isn’t very popular. He has ____ friends.

2. Ann is very busy these days. She has _____free time.

3. Did you take ____photographs when were there?

4. I’m not very busy today. I haven’t got _____ to do.

5. The museum was very crowded. There were too ____people

6. Most of the town is modern. There are ___old buildings

7. The weather has been very dry recently. We’ve had ___rain.

Exercise 6.

Put in little, a little, few, a few.

10. Hurry up! We have _____time.

2. Listen carefully, I’m going to give you __advice

3. Do you mind if I ask you ____questions?

4. This town isn’t a very interesting place to visit, so____ tourists come here.

5. I don’t think Sally would be a good teacher. She’s got _____patience.

10. Would you like milk in your coffee? Yes, please, ____.

10. This is a very boring place to live, There is _____ to do.

10. Have you ever been to Paris? Yes, I’ve been there _____times.

Exercise 7.

Put in much, many, a few, few, a little, little.

1 .We haven’t had ____snow this winter.

2. I have ____ time for skating today. I’m too busy.

3. The teacher of physics told us _____ interesting things. He is a very educated person!

4. Can I see Tom for ____moments?

5. I have ___ friends who are very devoted to me. Only Tony and Mike.

6. After the hot summer there was very ___ water in the well.

7. We’ve earned ___money this year and bought a car.

8. Don’t hurry. We’ve got ___ of time.

9. I can’t bake a cake I’ve got ___ butter.

10. The village was very small. There were only ___houses.

Exercise 8. Translate into English with little, a little, few, a few

1. Не торопись, у нас много времени.

2. Мы заработали много денег в этом году и купили новую машину.

3. Надеюсь, что я его узнаю. Я видел его несколько раз.

4. Погода очень сухая. У нас мало дождя этим летом.

5. Почему ты сменил работу? Потому что мне мало платили.

6. Остановка была почти пустая. Там было мало народа.

7. У нас мало сыра для пиццы, не мог бы ты купить немного?

8. Вы не возражаете, если я задам вам несколько вопросов?

9. Я не думаю, что Сара будет хорошим учителем. У нее мало терпения.

10. В этом городе нет ничего интересного, поэтому мало туристов приезжают сюда.

MODULE 3. DEGREES OF COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES

	The positive degree	The comparative degree	The superlative degree
One-syllable adjectives	Hot Long	Hotter Longer	The hottest The longest
y-adjectives	Busy	Busier	The busiest
Adjectives with two or more syllables	Beautiful	More beautiful	The most beautiful
Irregular forms	Good Bad Many Little Far	Better Worse More Less Farther	The best The worst The most The least The farthest

Exercise 1.Write the opposites of the comparative adjectives.

Examples

Faster-slower

Safer-more dangerous

Bigger-_____

Cheaper -_____

Cleaner- _____

More boring- _____

More difficult- _____

Colder- _____

Further- _____

Better- _____

Exercise 2.Complete the sentences using the comparative form of the adjective.

Example The town isn’t very clean. The country is cleaner than the town.

1. My car is not very new. Your car is ______ my car.

2. Ann’s house isn’t very modern. Your house _____ Ann’s.

3. Bob’s garden isn’t very big. Your garden___much ____Bob’s.

4. Yesterday wasn’t very hot. Today ____ much ____ yesterday.

5. Sue’s homework wasn’t very good. Your homework _____Sue’s.

6. Your car isn’t very dirty. My car ____ yours.

7. This exercise isn’t very difficult. The next exercise ___much____ this one!

Exercise 3.Complete the following sentences using an opposite adjective in its comparative or superlative form.

Example. Robert’s the oldest in the family.

No he’s not. He’s the youngest.

1. Bob is more polite than his brother. No, he’s not. He’s _________.

2. I’m the tallest in this class! No, you’re _______.

3. My homework was worse than yours. No, it wasn’t. It was ____.

4. The weather today is colder than yesterday. No, it isn’t. It’s ____.

5. She bought the cheapest watch in the shop. No, she didn’t. She bought _____.

6. Jack’s meaner than Alan. No, he’s not. He’s _____.

7. Janet arrived later than John. No, she didn’t. She arrived _____.

8. This is the easiest exercise in this book. No, it isn’t. It’s _______.

Exercise 4. Put the adjectives into the correct form : positive, comparative or superlative:

1. It’s (boring) book I’ve ever read!

2. Tom bought a (modern) computer.

3. She spends (many) money on clothes than me.

4. He is (good) student in our class.

5. Mary reads (little) than Tom does.

6. This book is (interesting) than that one.

7. My granny is (patient) in our family.

8. Our car is not as (new) as yours.

9. Your house is (big) than mine.

10. Who is the (clever) in your family?

11. This month I’ve earned (little) money than before.

12. Don’t be (rude) to people!

13. The first task was (difficult) than the last one.

14. Who always ask (interesting) questions? -My sister does!

15. I think Kate is (attractive) than Sue.

Exercise 5. Translate the sentences into English using the correct form of adjectives.

1. Том - лучший игрок в команде.

2. Это самый дорогой костюм в магазине.

3. Рим дальше от Лондона, чем Париж.

4. Чья машина дороже - твоя или Джека?

5. Моя сестра не такая высокая как я.

6. Какой самый популярный спорт в вашей стране?

7. Конкорд - самый быстрый самолет в мире.

8. Кто лучше говорит по-английски - ты или твой друг?

9. Мой брат бегает быстрее, чем я.

10. Наша квартира современнее, чем ваша.

MODULE 4. ENGLISH TENSES