Basic English for Computing / Texts+Tests for Units 1-28 / UNit 8 Microsoft Office Word 97 - 2003
.docUnit 8
1 Terms to learn
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1floppy disk drive |
накопитель на гибких магнитных дисках |
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2 hard disk drive |
накопитель на жестких дисках |
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3 drive motor |
мотор накопителя, (приводной двигатель) |
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4 read/write heads |
головки считывания/записи |
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5 sealed case |
герметизированный (пломбированный) корпус |
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6 magneto-optical disk |
магнитооптический накопитель |
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7 magnetic tape |
магнитная лента |
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8 double density floppy disk |
гибкий диск с удвоенной плотностью |
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9 DVD - ROM |
цифровой диск, предназначенный только для чтения; ПЗУ на цифровом видеодиске |
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10 DVD |
цифровой видеодиск |
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11 floppy disk |
гибкий диск, дискета |
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12 fixed hard disk |
1 несъемный (стационарный) диск 2 жесткий диск |
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13 removable hard disk |
сменный диск, съемный диск |
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14 high density floppy disk |
диск с высокой плотностью записи |
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15 to run |
выполнять (программу) |
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16 personal computer |
персональный компьютер, ПК |
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17 CD-ROM disk |
компакт-диск (только для чтения) |
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18 backup, n |
резервная (страховая) копия, дубль |
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19 back up |
резервировать |
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20 disk |
диск |
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21 disk drive |
дисковод, диск, накопитель на дисках, |
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22 bit |
bit ( наименьший элемент компьютерной памяти) |
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23 optical disk |
оптический диск, дисковое устройство внешней памяти, использующее лазер для чтения или записи данных |
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24 read-only |
только для чтения |
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25 random access |
прямой (произвольный) доступ |
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26 storage medium |
запоминающая среда, среда для хранения (информации) |
2 Read the text
Storage devices
The electronic memory inside a computer is of limited capacity and can only hold data when the computer is switched on. A storage device is used to store data that is not being processed and to save data when the computer is switched off. There is a variety of storage devices and storage media available. These include magnetic devices (e.g. floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, tape drives), optical devices (e.g. CD-ROM and DVD drives), and magneto-optical drives.
Disks have to be treated with care if you do not want to damage them or the data stored on them. Damage can be caused by physical strain, dust, smoke particles, fingermarks, sunlight, heat, and magnetism, depending on the type of media used.
When in use, a disk rotates at high speed and a read/write head is brought very close to its surface. If the disk is removed when the drive is in use, the read/write head and the disk surface may be damaged. If extra labels are attached to the disk, it can very easily get stuck in the drive. In this case, it should not be removed forcibly in case the drive mechanism or the surface of the disk is damaged. A hard disk is particularly easily damaged because it contains more than one disk and read/write head.
The read/write heads are extremely close to the surfaces of the disks and the disks spin at a very high speed. Even a small smoke or dust particle can destroy the drive. It is therefore enclosed in a vacuum sealed case. If a hard disk suddenly fails completely, the disk is said to have crashed.
When comparing storage devices, the following factors have to be taken into account. What is the storage cost per megabyte? How fast are they at reading and writing data? What is their maximum storage capacity? Are they used by the people you need to exchange data with? Do they conform to a standard? Are they fixed or removable? Are they read only or read and write? Do they use random or serial access?
It is important to keep backup copies of stored data. Magnetic tape is often used because it is very cheap and can hold extremely large amounts of data. It is common to use a backup scheme where a number of tapes are used in rotation.
3 Answer the following questions.
1 When is it necessary to use a storage device?
2 What 3 categories are storage devices divided into?
3 What storage devices are referred to magnetic ones?
4 What optical storage devices do you know?
5 What can disk damage be caused by?
6 What factors have to be taken into account when comparing storage devices?
Supplementary Reading
In electronics, a multi-level cell (MLC) is a memory element capable of storing more than a single bit of information. MLC NAND flash is a flash memory technology using multiple levels per cell to allow more bits to be stored as opposed to SLC NAND flash technologies, which uses a single level per cell. Currently, most MLC NAND stores four states per cell, so the four states yield two bits of information per cell. This reduces the amount of margin separating the states and results in the possibility of more errors. Multi-level cells which are designed for low error rates are sometimes called enterprise MLC (eMLC).
Flash memory stores data in individual memory cells, which are made of floating-gate transistors. Traditionally, one bit of data was stored in each cell in so-called single-level cells, or SLC flash memory. SLC memory has the advantage of faster write speeds, lower power consumption and higher cell endurance. However, because it stores less data per cell, it costs more per megabyte of storage to manufacture. Due to faster transfer speeds and longer life, SLC flash technology is used in high-performance memory cards.
Test 5
Match the words in the left column with their meanings in the right column.
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1 printer
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a) a material used for storing programs and data |
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2 dot-matrix printer |
b) a device that supplies motive power for some other device with moving parts |
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3refresh rate
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c) a rigid non-removable magnetic disk with a large data storage capacity |
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4 laser printer
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d) the distance between the holes or slots in the filter screen inside a monitor |
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5 dot pitch |
e) a printer that prints by spraying ink onto paper |
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6 aperture grill pitch
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f) A printer that prints using toner powder and laser light on a photosensitive drum |
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7 inkjet printer
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g) the distance between the dots on a monitor screen |
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8 resolution
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h) a storage device for reading from and writing to a disk |
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9 dye sublimation printer
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i) a common output device used for printing the output of a computer on paper |
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10floppy disk drive
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j) a DVD used in a computer for displaying data. It is used as a read-only optical memory device for a computer system. |
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11read/write heads |
k) a printer that prints by hammering pins onto an inked ribbon |
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12sealed case
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l) a storage device in the form of a disk that uses laser light to store data |
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13magneto-optical disk
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m) to store a copy of data on a storage device to keep it save |
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14 DVD-ROM
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n) a measure of the quality of a display screen in terms of the amount of graphical information that can be shown on the screen. This partly depends on the number of dots which make up the image |
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15 floppy disk
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o) a thermographic type of a printer with dye sublimation under high temperatures |
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16 fixed hard disk
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p) a removable magnetic storage device in the form of a plastic disk that can hold about 712 kilobytes of data |
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17high density floppy disk
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q) a storage device that uses a combination of magnetism and laser light to store data |
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18 removable hard disk
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r) produced using the technology that doesn’t provide internal expansion slots available for final users
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19 double density floppy disk
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s) the mechanism inside a disk or tape drive that is used for reading from and writing to the storage media |
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20drive motor
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t) a magnetic storage device in the form of a small plastic disk (also known as a diskette) |
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21magnetic tape
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u) having no variation in the brightness of the display of a monitor screen
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22 hard disk drive
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v) a common magnetic storage device that reads and writes data on metal disks inside a sealed case |
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23 run
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w) a magnetic storage medium in the form of a thin plastic ribbon wound on a reel or a cassette. It is commonly used for backing up data |
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24 workstation |
x) a computer program or data stored on a storage device |
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25 flicker-free
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y) a disk that can easily be moved from its place or position |
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26 flowchart
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z) a system of getting access to any location in a storage area in any order |
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27 output v, n
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aa) the frequency at which the image is re-drawn on a display screen |
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28 file
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bb) a small unit of storage capacity/one of the eight binary digits that make up a byte. The term comes from an abbreviation of binary digits |
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29 back up
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cc) a common magnetic storage device that reads and writes data on a floppy disk
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30disk drive
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dd) to execute a program, i.e.to get a program to process the data |
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31bit
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ee) a removable magnetic storage device in the form of a plastic disk that can hold about 1.4 megabytes of data, i.e. twice as much as a double density floppy disk
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32 optical disk
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ff) can only be read from and not written to |
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33 random access
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gg) a desk area used for working with a computer system |
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34 storage medium
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hh) a kind of diagram used by programmers to show the logical steps in a program |
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35 read-only |
ii) data brought out of a system/to bring data out of a system |