Basic English for Computing / Texts+Tests for Units 1-28 / Unit 23Документ Microsoft Office Word 97 - 2003
.docUnıt 23
1 Words to know
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1 robotics,n |
робототехника |
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2 virtual reality, n |
виртуальная реальность |
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3 smart card, n |
микропроцессорная карточка, смарт-карта (пластиковая карточка с встроенным микропроцессором и памятью) |
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4 direct neural interface(DNI), n |
прямой нейронный интерфейс (сопряжение) |
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5 three-dimensional, adj |
трёхмерный; объёмный |
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6 virtual rality mouse, n |
мышь виртуальной реальности |
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7 virtual reality headset, n |
наушники виртуальной реальности |
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8 virtual reality glove (dataglove) , n |
перчатка виртуальной реальности (устройство для ввода данных в системах виртуальной реальности) |
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9 microlaser scanner glasses, n |
микролазерные сканирующие очки |
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10 micro-machine, n |
микромашина |
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11 Medicard, n |
медицинская микропроцессорная карточка |
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12 encode, v |
кодировать, шифровать, зашифровывать |
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13 gear, n |
устройство, прибор, механизм |
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14 artificial intelligence, n |
искусственный интеллект |
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15 visualization technology , n |
технология, вызываюшая зрительные образы |
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16 technophobic user, n 17 encryption, n |
пользователь,страдающий технофобией шифрование, зашифровывание |
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18 telecoms applications,n
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телекоммуникационные прикладные программы |
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19 teleworking, n |
работа (напр. на дому) на базе дистанционного доступа |
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20 voice and language recognition, n |
распознавание языка и голоса |
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21 smart phone, n
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интеллектуальный телефон |
2 Read the text
Future Trends 1
Computıng ıs relatıvely new and ıs developıng at an ıncreasınly fast rate. Because computers are general purpose instruments, they can be used in many different ways.It is impossible to predict with any certainty how compters will be used in the future, but some new developmants have already taken place which are certainly likely to become more important in the future. Three important computing topics considered in this unit are robotics, virtual reality, and smart cards.
Robots in human form have often featured in science fiction. Robotic arms are commonly used for car manufacture, nuclear plants, and for bomb disposal. In the future, insect-sized robot micromachines (tiny mechanisms built on electronic chips) may be used as sensors or for doing work in very small spaces which are difficult to access. They may even be used inside the human body for drug delivery, curing common ailments.
Virtual reality (VR) is already used for games and entertainment. The user wears special headgear that projects 3-D images into their eyes, and special gloves to provide a sense of touch. It is likely that VR will be used in many ways in the future, including providing a home shopping entertainment, and allowing premises to be guarded remotely. It is also likely to be used for air traffic control and for training doctors, allowing them to practice difficult operations safely.It might even be used for virtual travel.More speculatively, computers may be connected directly to the human brain using a direct neural interface (DNI) to change the brain of the user, allowing them to do things they couldn’t do before.
Smart cards are already being used for storing information about the user, for controlling access to facilities, and a means of providing money in an electronic form. Medical cards, which store information about the user’s medical history, may become common;and banks are already experimenting with the use of smart cards.Smart cards will have a wide variety of uses and are likely to become very common in the near future.
Voice and language recognition will provide an easy interface, avoiding the problem of technophobic users. Telecomms applications will be more common. They will contain smart databases and virtual environments with identity verification (ID), encryption, translation and other services based on voice processing. They will include a natural voice interface to talk to the computer, artificial intelligence, voice synthesis and visualization technology.
Electronic money will be used on the Net. Changes in work practices may lead to teleworking (working at home while communicating with your office by computer, telephone and fax). High bandwidth connections (communications links with a high signal capacity) will be available in trains and planes. Smart phones will help users to deal with the deluge of information from the electronic revolution.
3 Answer the following questions:
1 Is computıng developıng at an ıncreasınly fast rate?
2 Is it possible to predict how compters will be used in the future?
3 What are three important computing topics considered in this unit?
4 How may insect-sized robot micromachines be used in the future?
5 What may a direct neural interface (DNI) be used for?
6 What is VR likely to be used for in the future?
7 What are smart cards being already used for ?
Test 14
Match each word from column A (1-36) with its partner from column B (a-jj) to make a computing term definition. All of these terms are from Basic English for Computing Units 22-23
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A B |
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1 robot
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a) a code indicating the location of a unit of memory
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2 register
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b) one line of a computer program
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3 plotter
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c) the electronic device in a computer that controls the timing of the signals |
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4 place value
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d) the conductor that carries the clock signal to different parts of a computer |
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5 memory address
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e) the part of the CPU that performs the mathematical and logical operations |
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6 main memory
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f) A smartcard that stores medical information as well as information about the user’s medical history |
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7 binary system
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g) a mechanical device controlled by a computer
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8 instruction
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h) Eye glasses used in virtual reality systems. They use a small laser device to project computer-generated images directly into the user’s eye.
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9 instruction time
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i) the electronic memory that holds the programs and data being used |
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10 fetch
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J) the value of an individual digit due to the position it occupies in a number, e.g. in the decimal system the second position from the right indicates tens and the third position from the right indicates hundreds
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11 decimal |
k) an output device used to output drawings onto paper
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12 virtual reality glove
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l) A simulated three dimensional environment that surrounds the user and is generated by a computer and seems very like reality to the person experiencing it. |
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13 data bus
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m) belonging to the number system that has ten digits:0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
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14 clock chip
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n) the time taken to fetch and decode a program instruction |
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15 clock lıne
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o) a small unit of very fast memory that is used to store a single piece of data or instruction temporarily that is immediately required by the processor
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16 bus
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p) a system in which information can be expressed by combinations of the digits 0 and 1
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17 address bus
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q) An output device worn on the user’s head in a virtual reality system. It displays three-dimensional graphics on a screen in front of the user’s eyes |
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18 bidirectional
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r) the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots |
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19 bınary
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s) the set of conductors that carry the memory address signals between different parts of a computer system |
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20arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
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t) A cursor control input device used in virtual reality systems |
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21 robotics
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u) a plastic card containing a built-in microprocessor and memory chip. It can be used to store large amounts of confidential data. |
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22 virtual reality |
v) A device that enables electronic signals to be input to and output from the human brain |
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23 smart card
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w) Belonging to the number system that has only two digits.i.e. 1 and 0 |
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24 direct neutral interface
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x) designed to carry signals in either direction |
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25 virtual reality mouse
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y) the set of conductors that carry the signals between different parts of a computer |
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26 virtual reality headset
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z) the set of conductors that carry the data signals between different parts of a computer |
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27 microlaser scanner glasses |
aa) An input device worn on the hand like a glove, that provide a sense of touch and allows the manual manipulation of images in virtual reality |
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28 Medicard
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bb) to go and get the next instruction or piece of data from memory |
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29 artificial intelligence
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cc) Telephones that use artificial intelligence to translate speech into different languages in real-time (instantly)
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30 visualization technology
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dd) A user who has a fear or strong dislike of technology and technological devices |
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31 technophobic user
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ee) computer programs that perform tasks that can normally only be done using human intelligence |
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32 telecoms applications
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ff) Systems and devices used to create a virtual reality environment |
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33 teleworking
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gg) computer programs changing speech into program commands and digital data
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34 voice and language recognition
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hh) the transformation of data into coded form to make it secure |
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35 smart phone
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ii) programs used for communications over long distances
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36 encryption
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jj) working at home while communicating with your office by computer, telephone and fax
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