pr_inoz

The Indefinite Infinitive вживається для вираження одночасної дії, вираженої дієсловом-присудком.

The Contonuous Infinitive expresses an action in itsprogress simultaneous with that of the finite verb.

The Contonuous Infinitive виражає тривалу дію та одночасну з дією, вираженою дієсловом-присудком.

THE OBJECTIVE INFINITIVE COMPLEX

ОБ’ЄКТНИЙ ІНФІНІТИВНИЙ КОМПЛЕКС

The Objective Infinitive Complex consists of:

31

THE SUBJECTIVE INFINITIVE COMPLEX

СУБ’ЄКТНИЙ ІНФІНІТИВНИЙ КОМПЛЕКС

The Subjective infinitive Complex consists of:

It is translated as a complex subordinate clause. Цей комплекс перекладається складнопідрядним реченням.

The Predicate of a sentence (the verbs in the Passive Voice or some verbs in the Active Voice, or some expressions) is placed between two parts of the

Subjective Infinitive Complex.

Присудок речення (дієслова у пасивному стані чи деякі дієслова в активному стані, чи кілька виразів) ставиться між двома частинами суб’єктного інфінітивного комплексу.

32

Verbs or expressions which are used as a predicate in such sentences:

Дієслова або вирази, які вживаються як присудок у таких реченнях:

I. The verbs in the Passive Voice.

Дієслова в пасивному стані:

A.to say-говорити, to report-повідомляти.

B.verbs denoting sense perceptions (дієслова, що виражають сприймання за допомогою органів чуттів): to see-бачити, to hear-чути, to feel-почувати, to watch / to observe-спостерігати, to notice-помічати.

C.verbs denoting mental activity (розумову діяльність): to think-думати, to consider / to believe-вважати, to find-знаходити, to assume-вважати,

припускати, to know-знати, to expect-очікувати, to suppose-припускати.

D.verbs denoting order, request, permission, advice, compulsion (наказ,

прохання, дозвіл, пораду, примус): to order-наказувати, to ask / to request-

просити, to allow / to permit-дозволяти, to advise / to recommend-радити, to cause / to force / make-примушувати.

II. The verbs in the Active Voice:

Дієслова в активному стані:

to seem / to appear-здаватися, to happen / to chance-траплятися, to turn out / to prove-виявлятися.

III. Some expressions:

to be sure / to be certain-напевно, to be likely-очевидно, to be unlikely-

навряд.

33

Nota bene!

Lie- lying

Saysaying

Sitsitting

Traveltravelling

Preferpreferring

Functions of the Participle

Examples:

Using a dictionary, she translated the text.

She read the written composition.

The woman speaking to them is our lawyer.

34

THE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPLE COMPLEX

НЕЗАЛЕЖНИЙ ДІЄПРИКМЕТНИКОВИЙ КОМПЛЕКС

The Absolute (Independent) Participle Complex consists of:

THE GERUND

ГЕРУНДІЙ

The Gerund is a non-finite form of the verb which has noun and verb characteristics.

Герундій - це безособова форма дієслова, що має властивості іменника та

дієслова.

Only Gerund can be used after such verbs:

Тільки герундій вживається після таких дієслів:

admit – признавати(ся)

avoid – уникати

35

delay – затримувати, відкладати

deny – заперечувати

enjoy – діставати задоволення / насолоду

fancy – уявляти (в окличних реченнях)

finish – закінчувати

imagine – уявляти

involve – утягувати, уплутувати

mind – бути проти, заперечувати

postpone – відстрочувати, відкладати

practise – займатися, вправлятися

regret – (по)жалкувати, шкодувати

risk – ризикувати

stop – припиняти, перестати щось робити

suggest – пропонувати

require want, need, – потребувати ( герундій після цих трьох дієслів вживається в активному стані з пасивним значенням).

Examples:

She doesn’t mind being examined.

The tooth needs filling.

The Gerund is used after:

1). some adjectives (кількох прекметників):

like – схожий

busy – зайнятий

worth – вартий

Example:

The medical news is worth reading.

2). verbs requiring a preposition (дієслів, що вимагають прийменника):

agree to – погоджуватися

congratulate smb. on – поздоровляти когось із

go on / keep on – продовжувати

leave off / give up – переставати щось робити

look forward to – дуже хотіти, дуже бажати

insist on – наполягати на

object to – заперечувати

put off – відкладати

think of (about) – думати, мати ідею

succeed in – досягти успіху у чому-небудь

36

Examples:

Our family congratulated her on passing her exams.

We are thinking of going to Canada or Australia.

3). prepositions (прийменників):

of – (відповідає на питання: кого, чого?)

without – без

on / after – після

by – (відповідає на питання: яким чином?)

before – перед

Example:

Roman can improve his pronunciation by doing more oral exercises.

The Gerund or the Infinitive can be used after such verbs (герундій або інфінітив можуть вживатися після таких дієслів):

begin / start – починати

continue – продовжувати

forget – забувати

like – любити, подобатися

intend – мати намір

remember – пам’ятати, згадувати

refuse – відмовлятися

prefer – надавати перевагу

propose – (за)пропонувати

try – намагатися

GERUNDIAL COMPLEX

ГЕРУНДІАЛЬНИЙ КОМПЛЕКС

The Gerundial Complex consists of a Noun in the Possessive Case or a

Possessive Pronoun which is a subject of the complex and a gerund which is its predicate.

He insisted on her not eating a lot of candy.

They are looking forward to our visiting them.

37

She thought of his having graduated from the University.

The first part of the complex can also be expressed by a Noun in the Common Case or a Personal Pronoun in the Objective Case.

I don’t like him being invited to the party.

ЗРАЗКИ ТЕСТОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ (англійська мова)

Test 1

Choose the right answer:

1. I think there’s … chemist open in the main roads somewhere. a) a; b) an; c) the; d) some; e) –

2. I don’t want you to pay for me. I’ll pay for … . a) me; b) my; c) myself; d) you; e) yourself

3. Can you give me … information about places of interest in the town? a) any; b) some; c) no; d) none; e) each

4.Excuse me, … you tell me how to get to the leisure centre from here?

a)can; b) may; c) must; d) could; e) might

5.The left-hand side of the brain … the right-hand side of the body.

a)control; b) controls; c) is controlling;

d)has controlled; e) controlled

6.By the time of his death, Thomas Edison … a number of things that changed everyday life.

a)invented; b) has invented; c) had invented; d) was invented;

e)has been invented

7.You look bored. You don’t seem interested … what I’m saying?

a) at; b) in; c) to; d) of; e) about

8.I’d like to have a … car. The one I’ve got keeps breaking down.

a)reliabler; b) the reliablest; c) more reliable; d) least reliable;

e)the most reliable

9.Are those … or goats in that field over there?

a)sheeps; b) sheep’s; c) sheepes; d) sheep; e) sheeps’

38

10.I’ll be giving you a lot of … , so do please take notes.

a)informations; b) information’s; c) informations’; d) informationes;

e)information

11.There was quite a bit of … because the examiner handed out the wrong exam papers.

a)confuse; b) confusing; c) confusion; d) confused; e) confute

12.Your argument is … . Just because you want me to be a doctor doesn’t mean I want to be one.

a)logic; b) logical; c) logician; d) illogical; e) logically

13.People wear glasses in order to be able to see better or to protect their eyes from bright sunlight.

a)binoculars; b) spectacles; c) glints; d) lenses; e)gloves

14.She needed to break out of her daily routine and do something exciting.

a)to escape; b) to start; c) to enter; d) to change; e) to fight

15.Mobile phones that receive TV programmes are a real … .

a)progress; b) potential; c) innovation; d) decay; e) endure

16.‘I get to work at nine o’clock on the dot every day. I try to be … .’

a)timely; b) simultaneous; c) obsolete; d) punctual; d) seasonal

17. A resident

a)a person who comes from abroad to live in a country;

b)places to go;

c)a person who lives in a place;

d)not having a job;

e)a person who steals

18. Legitimate

a)official and legal;

b)a state of not having something; c) something which is not good or effective; d) not planned, using an opportunity; e) illegal, unlawful

19.Good things that happen to you by chance, not because of your own efforts or abilities.

a)health; b) luck; c) faith; d) loyalty; e) perception

20.To make somebody feel very pleased, interested or enthusiastic.

a)exceed; b) succeed; c) excite; d) examine; e) estimate

39

Read the texts below. Match choices (A-H) to (21-25). There are three choices you do not need to use.

Time Management Tips

21. ………….

Do you find yourself rushing to complete your homework assignment at the last moment. The root of this common problem may be time management. This easy exercise will help you identify the tasks or habits that take time away from your studies and help you develop more healthy homework habits.

22. ………….

Somehow, that assignment due date just slipped right up on us without our noticing. That is why organizational skills are so important to school performance. Who can afford to score a big fat “0” on a paper just because we got lazy and didn’t pay attention to the due date?

23. ………….

If you have a Yahoo! account or another email system, you can use the free calendar feature to organize your homework. You will be able to enter each assignment as you receive it, make notes, and receive reminders as each due date approaches.

24. ………….

Procrastination is like a little white lie we tell ourselves. We think we’ll feel better if we do something fun, like watch a TV show, instead of studying or reading. But when we give in to the urge we always feel worse in the long run, not better.

25. ………….

If you’re like many students, you sometimes have trouble getting started on a project, because the end result seems so far away and impossible to reach. Sometimes when you start out with an idea and a blank sheet of paper and look into the future, all you see is lots and lots of unfinished research, reading, planning, and work. Next time try starting at the end and looking backward!

A.Use Time for Better Results

B.Send Yourself Reminders

C.Use a Day Planner

D.Avoid Delaying Assignment

E.Identify Time Consuming Habits

F.Attend to Unfinished Tasks

G.Try Backward Planning

H.Organize Your Desk

40