9.45 Atkinson
.pdf
SAE Interior Climate Control
Standards Committee
All standards are planned to be published in first quarter of 2010
Many States reference SAE J639
Some are:
Arizona-Idaho-Kansas-North Dakota- Oklahoma-Texas
Compliance requires:
MAC System Design Requirements
MAC Servicing Requirements
21
U.S. NCCTI Report October 12, 2001
In the Executive Summary of
Technologies to Reduce Emissions of Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases and Black Carbon National Climate Change Technology Initiative the following graph covers the emissions of HFC-134a
22
U.S. NCCTI Report October 12, 2001
EPA Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1999 and 2000 indicated emission levels for HFC-134a in 1992.
HFC-134a systems first production MY1992 and full production MY1995
Refrigerant R&R was mandatory
New HFC-134a systems required minimal refrigerant for service in 1993 –1998
In 1998, an unexplained HFC-134a emissions, accountable to MAC service industry, of an additional 14,000 equivalent metric tonnes of carbon dioxide or 31 million pounds of HFC-134a
HFC-134a was used to service the CFC-12 fleet
23
U.S. NCCTI Report October 12, 2001
EPA InventoryMobileof U.A/CS. GreenhouseHFC-134a EmissionsGas Emissions and Sinks 1999 and 2000 indicated emission levels for
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HFC-134a in 1992. |
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HFC-134a systems first production MY1992 and full |
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31 Million Pounds |
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production MY1995 |
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Tonne |
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12000 |
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Refrigerant R&R was mandatory |
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10000 |
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New HFC-134a systems required minimal refrigerant |
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1995 All |
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Metricfor service in 1993 –1998 |
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In 1998, an unexplained HFC-134a emissions, |
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R-134a |
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accountable to MAC service industry, of an additional |
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14,000 equivalent metric tonnes of carbon dioxide or |
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31 million92 |
pounds93 94of HFC95 -134a96 |
97 |
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00 |
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Year |
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HFCGraph |
-1134a was |
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used to service the CFC-12 fleet |
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EPA |
Service R134a Fleet |
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24
SAE Interior Climate Control
Standards Committee
SAE J2727 HFC-134a Mobile Air Conditioning System Emission Chart
Estimates the annual refrigerant emissions rate (grams per year) from new production A/C systems
Compliance Required
Currently Required in California Minnesota
Future Federal Requirement
25
SAE J2727 HFC-134a Mobile Air
Conditioning System Emission Chart
Annual refrigerant emissions rate (14.1grams [0.49oz] per
year) from new production A/C systems
Refrigerant Leakage
Single Evaporator System 2009 MN Data
Some GM Data reported in pounds and converted to grams
Grams Loss /year
26.0 |
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24.0 |
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Fleet Average Loss |
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Average of A/C systems |
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22.0 |
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14.1 Grams/yr |
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offered by vehicle |
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20.0 |
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product line |
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(0.49 oz./yr) |
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18.0 |
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16.0 |
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14.0 |
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12.0 |
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10.0 |
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8.0 |
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4.0 |
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2.0 |
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0.0 |
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|||||
wa 01-09 |
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R |
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|||
26
Future Challenges
Introduction of HFO-1234yf in new vehicles
Refrigerant cost considerably higher
Cannot be vented at service
Requires all new service equipment
Current EPA SNAP rule allows SNAP listed refrigerants
To service R-134a and potentially HFO-1234yf MAC systems
27
Current SNAP Listed Refrigerants
|
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|
Refrigerant |
|
USE |
|
Use New |
|
Contains |
15 SNAP Listed |
||
|
|
|
Retrofit |
|
MAC |
|
HCFC's |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 Contain HCFC’s! |
||
|
R-416A |
|
X |
|
X |
|
Yes |
|||
|
FRIGC/FR-12 |
|
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None can be vented |
||
|
Free Zone/ RB-276 |
|
X |
|
X |
|
Yes |
|||
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Ikon 12 |
|
X |
|
X |
|
No |
All require unique fittings |
||
|
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|||
|
R-406A/GHGGHG, GHG- |
X |
|
X |
|
|
||||
|
X3, GHG-12, McCool, |
|
|
Yes |
Can be used for retrofitting |
|||||
|
Auto frost X3 |
|
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|
|||||
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GHG-HP |
X |
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X |
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Yes |
12 For HFC-134a systems |
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GHG-X4 R-414A Auto |
X |
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X |
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13 For HFO-1234yf systems |
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Frost, Chill-it, Autofrost |
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Yes |
There are no SAE MAC |
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X4 |
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Hot Shot, Kar Kool |
X |
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X |
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Yes |
System Retrofit |
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R-414B |
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procedures |
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Freeze 12 |
X |
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X |
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Yes |
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GHG X-5 |
X |
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X |
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Yes |
SAE Recovery/recycle |
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GHG-HP (HCFC Blend |
X |
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X |
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Lambda) |
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Yes |
Equipment Standards for |
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SP34E |
X |
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X |
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No |
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only HFC-134a and |
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RS-24 R-426A |
X |
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X |
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No |
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HFO-1234yf refrigerants |
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HFC-134a |
X |
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X |
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No |
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HFC-152a |
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X |
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No |
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CO2 |
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X |
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No |
28 |
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Future Challenges
Contamination potential for MAC systems and service equipment
Only recovery-recycle equipment will be available for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf refrigerants
No certified R&R equipment designs exist for the other listed SNAP refrigerants
No information on MAC system cooling performance or material compatibility for other SNAP listed refrigerants if used in HFC-134a or HFO-1234yf system
29
Lessons Learned
The Future
The MAC change from CFC-12 to HFC-134a was expensive for the consumer and industry
The laissez-faire use and atmospheric loading of HFC-134a has resulted in the current World action to eliminated its future use
Normal MAC HFC-134a direct refrigerant emissions is less than 5% over the MAC system lifetime
Vehicle tail pipe emissions for MAC energy use
[cooling] results in greater lifetime emissions
30