1. Read the following numerals in English:

1. 10, 12, 37, 91, 16, 245, 1568, 7, 21, 56, 982, 11, 67, 130, 3468 15 43, 786, 39, 347, 45, 2600, 2574, 59, 73, 82, 671, 83, 8945, 592

2. Years: 2000, 1463, 1348, 1980, 1370, 2004, 1961, 1583, 1848, 1981, 1420, 1994, 2001, 1234, 1212, 1533, 1289, 1920, 2010

3. Time: 2.15, 3.20, 8.45, 10.35, 6.30, 7.15, 1.10, 2.40. 1.30, 7.05, 8.40, 7.50, 6.10, 9.20, 12.05, 3.15, 4.40, 8.10, 7.35

4. Fractions: 3/8, 1 1/2, 2/5, 4 1/3, 3/4, 1/2, 0.1, 2.35, 32.305

5. Dates: 22/09/2000; 01/12/1998; 03/10/2010; 17/08/2006; 30/04/1990

6. Percentage: 10%; 99%;12,5%; 55%; 3,9%; 88%

7. Change the cardinal numerals into ordinal ones: one, two, three, seventy-eight, twelve, nine, eleven, ninety, thirty-five, fifteen, twenty

2. Look at the table below and notice how prepositions of time are used:

in	at	on
in the morning	at 8 o'clock	on Fridays
in the afternoon	at noon	on Wednesday
in the evening	at night	on Thursday (days) etc.
in August (months)	at midnight	on January 27th (dates)
in summer (seasons)	at Easter	on Monday morning
in 1992 (years)	at Christmas	on a cold day
in the 20th century	at the weekend	on a summer night

Fill in the gaps with in, on or at:

1 ...... September	9 Christmas	17……........Saturday night
2………………. March 25th	10 spring	18………………………………night
3……………the afternoon	11…………………… New Year's Day	19………………………………noon
4………………….1983	12………………lO o'clock	20…………………the weekend
5……………………………Friday	13 midnight	21………………….a summer day
6…………………….the evening	14……………………………………Sundays	22 Friday morning
7……………………….9o'clock	15 Easter	23 autumn
8………………………a hot day	16 the 19th century	24…………………..a winter night

2. Complete the dialogue between Andriy and his uncle Valeriy with the sentences from the box:

during my four years of that was in 1990 About a year and a half. Fifty per cent of my groupmates want to become surgeons you still have about 5 years to change your mind,

Andriy: Uncle, what year did you graduate from the university?

Valeriy: Well, 1------------------------------, and it was still in Kiev, by the way, I graduated from Bogomolets Medical University, the one you are studying at now.

Andriy: Exactly! Was it easy for you to find a job here in New York?

Valeriy: Not at all! First, I had to study to confirm my degree here.

Andriy: Did it take you a long time?

Valeriy: 2------------------------------------------------------------- Then I became a resident physician.

Andriy: Is that something like an intern in Ukraine?

Valeriy: Right,3 ---------------------------------------- residiency I worked in the field of obstetrics.

Andriy: I see…4------------------------------------- and the other half want to specialize in obstetrics.

Valeriy: What about you?

Andriy: To tell you the truth, I’m really interested in cardiosurgery.

Valeriy: Well, a good choice, but not an easy one. In fact, 5---------- but anyway I believe in you!

2. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. He is twenty-seven now.

2. It is the tenth of September today.

3. He woke up at 6a.m. this morning.

4. She was born on the 11^th of February.

5. It is half past five.

6. He died two years ago.

2. Translate into English:

а) Як вони лікували його від грипу?

б) Вони не дозволили йому складати вступні іспити.

в) Його не було там 5 хвилин.

г) З першого по третій рік студенти вивчають доклінічні предмети.

д) Вона здобула великого досвіду під час її практики.

е) Після четвертого року навчання студенти будуть працювати асистентами лікарів у лікарнях.

ж) Під час практичних занять студенти проводять лабораторні роботи та вчаться діагнозу вати різні хвороби.

з) Українські медичні університети відокремлені від традиційних університетів.

Підготовка до диференційованого заліку. Перекладіть та вивчіть наступні словосполучення: випускник школи вступні іспити діагнозувати хвороби проводити лабораторні аналізи набувати досвіду Дайте відповіді на наступні питання: How do medical universities admit their students? How long does the course of studies at Ukrainian Medical Universities last? When do future doctors start working as interns? Поясніть наступні терміни у 5ти реченнях: clinical subjects practical training

Lesson 3

Medical Education in Great Britain and in the United States

Grammar: Impersonal Sentences. Future Simple in Subordinate Clauses of Time and Condition.

1. Answer the questions:

What will you do if you have much free time tomorrow? What will you do if you don’t understand a question your teacher asks you? Will you go to your classes if you are seriously ill? Will you go for a walk tonight if you have much homework to do for tomorrow? What will you do if your friend asks you for help? How many terms are there in an academic year?

What is there on your desk? What day is it today? What is the date today? What season is it now? What time is it ? Is it cold or hot outside? Is it hard to be a medical student? What date was it yesterday? Was it easy to get ready for this class? How long does it usually take you to get ready for your classes? Is it easier to learn English or Chinese? How long did it take you to do your English home task for today?

1. Active Vocabulary:

   commence [kəˈmɛns] - починати preliminary [prɪˈlɪmɪnərɪ] - попередній bachelor's degree [ˈbætʃələz dɪˈgriː] – ступінь бакалавра entry [ˈɛntrɪ] - вступ completion [kəmˈpli:ʃən] - закінчення distinct styles – різні стилі problem based learning - проблемно-орієнтоване навчання mature [məˈtjʊə] - зрілий self-sufficient [selfsəˈfiʃənt] - самостійний input [ˈɪnˌpʊt] – надання інформації tutor [ˈtjuːtə] - викладач

   pre-registration house officer – [preˌredʒɪsˈtreɪʃən] - незареєстрований сімейний лікар obtain [əbˈteɪn] - здобувати General Medical Council – Генеральна медична рада trainee [treɪˈniː] - практикант highly supervised job – високо курируюма робота independently [ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli] – самостійно vocational training [vəʊˈkeɪʃənəl] - професійна підготовка General practitioner (GP) [prækˈtɪʃənə]– лікар широкого профілю Senior House Officer – старший сімейний лікар relevant [ˈrɛlɪvənt] - відповідний

2. Translate the following word combinations into your language:

To specialize in one field, after completion of medical school, entry to British medical schools, the course lasts five years, a four-year preliminary bachelor's degree, relevant exams, work independently as a GP, highly supervised jobs , followed by clinical experience at a teaching hospital , commence medical studies, two distinct styles, aim to develop a mature and self-sufficient style of learning, graduate as a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, encourage students to work on solving clinical scenarios, training in General Medicine and General Surgery, occur one year after graduation, with little input from tutors in the form of lectures.

3. Read the text about medical education in Great Britain:

British students generally commence their medical studies without any preliminary higher education, typically at the age of eighteen or nineteen. This contrasts with the U.S. system, where a four-year preliminary bachelor's degree is required for entry to medical school. Entry to British medical schools is very competitive. In Britain the course lasts five years, including 2 years of preclinical training, followed by clinical experience at a teaching hospital for additional 3 years. After successful completion of clinical training they graduate as Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery.

In Great Britain the delivery of medical education is traditionally divided into two distinct styles. Problem Based Learning aims to develop a mature and self-sufficient style of learning by encouraging students to work on solving clinical scenarios with little input from tutors in the form of lectures. Traditional Courses are classically lecture-intensive with much more time devoted to didactic teaching.

In the final year of medical school medical students become Pre-registration house officers. Before obtaining full registration with the General Medical Council (which occurs one year after graduation), trainees are legally only able to work in certain highly supervised jobs and cannot legally practice independently.

After completion of medical school, junior doctors go through a vocational training phase, during which they practice in a variety of different specialities. These must include training in General Medicine and General Surgery but can also include other fields such as Paediatrics or General Practice. After that a doctor can choose to specialize in one field. The majority of doctors the UK work in the community as General practitioners (GPs). To train as a GP, one completes two years of posts as a Senior House Officer (SHO) in a variety of hospital specialties - often including paediatrics, psychiatry, care of the elderly and obstetrics & gynaecology. After completing this training and the relevant exams, the doctor can work independently as a GP.

4. Pay attention to the use of prepositions:

At the age of – у віці

Entry to – вступ до

Devote to – присвятити (чомусь)

In the final year – на останньому курсі

Obtain registration with – здобути регістрацію у

Go through a phase – пройти через фазу

Training in General Medicine – тренування з загальної медицини

Work as General Practitioners – працювати терапевтами

5. Answer the questions:

1. Do British students have to get any preliminary higher education before entering a medical school?

2. How long does a course of studies at a British Medical School last?

3. What parts does the course of studies at a British Medical school consist of?

4. What degree do British medical students get after successful completion of clinical training?

5. What are the two main styles of delivery of medical education in Britain?

6. What do British medical students become in the final year of medical school?

7. In which jobs are trainees legally able to work before obtaining full registration with the General Medical Council?

8. What do junior doctors do after completion of medical school?

9. What does the vocational training phase include?

10. When can a doctor work independently as a GP?

6. Find the equivalents of the following word combinations in the text:

Відповідні іспити, більшість лікарів, працювати лікарями широкого профілю, без попередньої вищої освіти, ступінь бакалавра, доклінічне навчання, базова лікарня (медичного навчального закладу), здобути повну реєстрацію, клінічні сценарії, курс триває п’ять років, вступ до медичного ВУЗу, додаткові три роки, заохочувати студентів до роботи, надання інформації викладачами, присвячений дидактичному викладанню, на останньому році медичного ВУЗу, проходити через професійну підготовку.

7. Find the words built from these verbs in the text, say if they are nouns or adgectives and translate them into your language:

For example: educate ( виховувати, давати освіту) – education (освіта) – noun

Enter(вступати у/до), compete (змагатися), train (тренувати(ся)) (2), add (додавати), complete (закінчувати), deliver (доставляти, передавати), learn (вчитися), teach (навчати; викладати), graduate (закінчити вищий навчальний заклад), depend (залежати).

8. Fill in the gaps with active vocabulary:

1. In the final year of medical school medical students become …

2. In the USA a four year … bachelor’s degree is required for entry to medical school.

3. The majority of doctors in the UK work in the community as …

4. … are legally only able to work in certain … and cannot legally practice …

5. After completing this training and the … exams, the doctor can work … as a …

6. After completion of medical school, junior doctors go through a … phase.

7. British students generally … their medical studies without any … higher education.

8. Problem Based Learning aims to develop a … and … style of learning.

9. As you remember, Catherine Bennet is a 4^th year medical student in Britain. Her cousin Alice studies medicine too, but she doesn’t live in Britain, she lives in New York City and she is a freshman (1^st year student) at New York University School of Medicine.

Put Catherine’s and Alice’s lines in the correct order to make a conversation about the girls’ studies.

Catherine

Alice

__ Here it lasts longer: 2 years of preclinical training, two years of clinical practice and one year of training as pre-registration house officers. It is the end of studies at medical school but after that we have a vocational training phase, which is two years long and during this phase we practice in different fields of medicine, and … it is not all yet! Then we have to choose a field and specialize in it for two or even more years depending on the field we specialize in. So, for example, to become a GP it takes about 9 years! __Exactly! __Look, Alice, you are 22, aren’t you? How come you are a freshman at medical school? __Oh, I see now. American medical studies seem to be even longer than our British ones! __Hm… it’s quite different from the entry to medical school here in Britain. We can enter medical school after high school. How long does the course of studies at American medical school last?

__It usually takes medical students four years to complete a Doctor of Medicine degree program. __Right, right! The way to become a doctor is a long and hard one, still we don’t have to complain, because it is our choice and we are studying what we are really interested in. __Yes, Cathy, I am 22, but here in America a four-year preliminary bachelor's degree is required for entry to medical school. So, first I studied at university to obtain my bachelor's degree in biology and only after that I could enter medical school. __Well, in America, medical students gain the title of doctor upon completion of medical school, still, we cannot practice independently until completing an internship, which is postgraduate residencies in the chosen field of specialization. Residency is a stage of graduate medical training, something like British vocational training phase. A resident physician in the US is just another word for a house officer in Great Britain. Duration of most residencies can range from three years to ten years for a specialized field such as neurosurgery.

Grammar exercises.

7. Fill the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets (pay attention to the use of Future Simple in the subordinate clauses of time and purpose):

1. They …(to be) upset, if you …(not to come).

2. When he …(to grow) older, he…(to understand) it.

3. If we …(not to learn) these words, we…(not to be) able to understand the text.

4. …you…(to come) to the party, if they … (not to invite) your friend?

5. What ...he …(do), if his sister…(to refuse) to help him.

6. The physician … (to go) home after he … (to see) his patients.

7. When you … (to see) Brian again, you … (not to recognize) him.

8. He …(to go) to hospital tomorrow, if he … (not to be) better.

8. Complete the dialogue between Andriy and Viktor, two first year Ukrainian medical students, about the necessity of learning English for medical specialists, with the missing parts from the box:

If you think of all the opportunities …if an English speaking patient needs your help? There are lots of new words to learn …there is nobody to translate nearby Is there any project …if you don’t know English There is lots of medical literature in English …I will use an electronic translator

Andriy: Hey, Viktor, did you see our English hometask for Wednesday?

Viktor: No, not yet. What is there?

Andriy: It’s huge! _____________, four grammar exercises to do and a text to read and translate. It will take hours to do it all!

Viktor: __________________ or essay to write?

Andriy: Oh, yes! I didn’t see it at first. There is a short personal statement to write. Unbelievable! It looks like there will be no time for anything else but studying tomorrow! Why do we have to learn English? We are going to be doctors, not translators, aren’t we?

Viktor: Sure, we are. But I don’t quite agree with you about studying English. ______________, how will you read it, if you don’t know English?

Andriy: I will find the same materials in Russian. Well, in case I don’t find anything of the kind in Russian, ___________________________.

Viktor: But they translate in a horrible way! Sometimes you may misunderstand very important information using electronic translators. And think about another thing, what will you do _______________ You will not be able to understand his complaints, _____________________.

Andriy: Well, I’ll find somebody to translate then.

Viktor: What if _______________________________ and the person needs an immediate help?

Andriy: Ok, Ok, I agree that it’s better to know English than not to know it. Still, doing that huge English hometask doesn’t make me very happy.

Viktor: _________________________ knowledge of English will give you in future, I’m sure, you will feel much better.

9. Translate into English:

1. Якщо ми не вирушимо зараз, ми спізнимось.

2. Якщо завтра не буде часу поговорити з ним, я відправлю йому повідомлення.

3. Я получу погану оцінку, якщо не зроблю домашнє завдання.

4. Що вони робитимуть, якщо у магазині не буде цих книг?

5. Де він буде жити, коли приїде в Одесу?

6. Зараз тепло.

7. Йому було важко знайти той будинок.

8. Нам буде цікаво вчитися у університеті.

9. Це добре, що він хоче нам допомогти.

10. Погано, що вони не розуміють нас.

Підготовка до диференційованого заліку. Перекладіть та вивчіть наступні словосполучення: ступінь бакалавра професійна підготовка лікар широкого профілю старший сімейний лікар базова лікарня Дайте відповіді на наступні питання: What parts does the course of studies at a British Medical school consist of? What do junior doctors do after completion of medical school in Britain? When can a doctor work independently as a GP in Britain? Поясніть наступні терміни у 5ти реченнях: General practitioner (GP) vocational training