Microscopy

The previously mentioned ….. will often rely on microscopic examination for identification of the microbe. Instruments such as … can be used to assess critical aspects of the organism. This can be performed immediately after the sample is taken from the patient and is used in conjunction with biochemical staining techniques, allowing for resolution of cellular features.  ….  are also used for observing microbes in greater detail.

Electron microscopes and fluorescence microscopes; culture techniques; compound light microscopes

Exercise 11. Find corresponding equivalents:

Багатоклітинні мікроорганізми; мікроскопічні гриби; класифікація організмів; містити в собі: ті, що викликають хворобу; шкідлива дія; напрямки діяльності різноманітних мікроорганізмів; в інтересах медицини; галузь медицини; теоретична та прикладна наука; спадковість і мінливість; біосинтез органічних сполук; поліпшення здоров'я; шляхи передачі інфекції; пропонуючи варіанти лікування; спалах захворювань; звичайні, непатогенні види та їх властивості.

Exercise 12*. Fill in the gaps with the words and word-combinations from the box:

There are various ways in which disease can be transmitted between individuals. These include:

1. -Touching an infected host, including sexual contact

2. -Touching a contaminated surface

3. - Coughing or sneezing

4. -Ingesting contaminated food or water sources

5. - Pathogen carrying spores

6. -An organism that does not cause disease itself but transmits infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another

7. -Nosocomial (originating in hospital) infections

Environmental; Fecal–oral route; Vector transmission; Direct contact; Droplet contact; Indirect contact; Airborne (through the air) transmission

Grammar in use Types of questions

	Microbiology studies microorganisms.
General	Does microbiology study microorganisms?
Special	What science studies microorganisms? What does microbiology study?
Alternative	Does microbiology study organisms or microorganisms?
Disjunctive	Microbiology studies microorganisms, doesn’t it?

Exercise 13. Read and translate the sentences. Make up 4 types of questions to each sentence.

1. 'Micro' means 'tiny' which usually refers to particles which cannot be seen in the naked eye.

2. A microbiologist is a person who investigates things or studies in the field microbiology.

3. Microbiologists investigated the growth and characteristics of microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, or fungi.

4. Most microbiologists will specialize in the environmental, food, agricultural or medical aspects in either medical or industrial microbiology; virology (the study of viruses); immunology (the study of mechanisms that fight infections); or bioinformatics.

5. Many microbiologists used biotechnology to advance knowledge of cell reproduction and human disease.

6. A microbiologist often relies on extraction or detection of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA sequences.

7. 'Bio' means life while 'logy or logos' means study.

8. The existence of microorganisms was hypothesized for many centuries before their actual discovery.

Exercise 14. Read and translate the following word-combinations, paying attention to the Personal and Possessive Pronouns. Find more examples in the main text and translate them.

1. A medical microbiologist and his treatment recommendations;

2. The strain of microbe and its antibiotic resistances;

3. Non-pathogenic species and their properties;

4. We and our observations;

5. You and your discoveries;

6. I and my attitude to this problem;

Exercise 15. a). Read and translate the text.

b). Open the brackets. c). Put questions to the underlined words.