51. Basic notions of literary text interpretation: textual reference and artistic model of the world. Fictitious time and space.

components of the text: the message (idea/concept) - the theme (thematic planes) - the author's image (including the narrator and the narrative, the dominant point of view) - the image of the reader - characters and non-human images - the compositional and genre unity (setting, conflict, plot lines and turns, text partitioning) - the tonal system (EM and SD, language).

Authenticity of the writer's interpretation of reality and idiosyncrasy of his/her vision of the world are significantly dependent on the way time and space are reproduced in the text. In literary works conceptual time and space, which embrace universal ideas based on physical laws and historical conventions, as well as perceptual or emotive time and space are modelled in the form of fictitious time and space. Fictional time and space are not direct representations od conceptual and perceptual time and space, primarily because literary descriptions of time spans do not correspond to their real duration: a sequence of several years or travel around the world can be described on one page, while one day can be outstretched through the whole novel. Secondly, while conceptual time is linear, fictional time is usually multidimensional and shifting from past to future within one text. Thirdly, depiction of the same historical span or the same area is usually achieved through fragmentary images, not to mention the fact that different authors may approach the depiction of the same epoch or locale using different stratagems.

Shifts to the multidimensional time are termed flashbacks (deviations into the past) and flash-forwards/forshadowing (deviations into the future).

Temporal and spatial settings(immediate-pertaining to a certain fragment, and broad - to the whole text) .

Setting in fiction contribut significantly to create atmosphere - the mood or subjective impression produced by a literary work. In this way that readers imagine (visualise and feel) the fictional world in which characters exist.

52. Basic notions of the literary text interpretation. Text partitioning and composition. Implication and artistic detail.

Artistic detail - condensed, laconic and very expressive representation in the text of a complicated, multifaceted phenomenon, fact or idea;

important element to be taken into account when seeking out the message of a text;

reproduces the implicit content and the author's attitude;

create foregrounding a specialized usage of language means perceived as unusual, unexpected, or "deautomatized“;

Functional classification of Artistic details:

? depicting details (recreate visual images of nature and human appearance, mentioned only 1 time in the text)

? characterological details (reveal personage’s psychological properties, habits and traits through both direct and indirect characterization and are found throughout the text)

? authenticity details (used to make the reader believe in the real existence of the described things and events, i.e. names of countries, streets, dates, etc.)

? implicit details (implications / implicates) (they point to hidden meanings through external features of the objects represented, they are regarded as structural units of the implicit (subtextual) level) depends on the reader’s thesaurus, the reacher it is – the more is the ability to identify implications.

Types

implicit title

implication of precedence

implicit detail

Degrees

Superficial (economy of speech, elliptical sentences, unfinished s., aposiopesis - a sentence is deliberately broken off and left unfinished, the ending to be supplied by the imagination)

Trite – simple SD and EM, e.g. dead epithets, metaphors, hyperbole, etc.\

Local – micro- macroimages that are simple and repeat again and again, but they bear author’s personal style (idiosyncrasy) and are important for understanding of a textual fragment

Deep – the same as local but are important for understanding of the whole text

Dark – require cultural and philological competence for their decoding

-allusions – a mention of a name of a real person, historical event or literary character, A. are harder to detect than R.

-reminiscences – reference to another literary work in the fictional text, presupposes broad knowledge in history and culture, R. can be direct (quotations) and indirect (paraphrased quotations)

-ethnoculteral implications - textual units that bear hidden meanings related to realia, customs, traditions shared within a certain cultural community

Text partitioning belongs to one of the main categories of the literary text: discreteness, i.e. the formation of the text from its distinct parts, it is the reverse side of integration. In order to define text as discrete, the reader should isolate 2 notions:

1) text composition – logical and aesthetic unity of plot elements

2) text partitioning – deals with spatial arrangement of syntactical, graphical and logical units – sentences, paragraphs, chapters.