- •Міністерство освіти і науки, молоді та спорту україни
- •Laboratory Works of Computing and Programming
- •Contents
- •1.2 Base Concepts of Operating Systems
- •1.3 Linux (lubuntu) Operating System
- •1.4 Tasks for Independent Work
- •1.5 Test Questions
- •2 Laboratory work № 2 Word Processor libreoffice.Writer
- •2.1 What Word Processors Can Do
- •2.2 Tasks for Independent Work
- •2.3 Test Questions
- •3 Laboratory work № 3
- •Introduction to the calc spreadsheet
- •3.1 The Basic Opportunities of Spreadsheets
- •3.1.1 Calc’s Environment
- •3.1.2 Calculations in Calc. Creating and Coping Formulas
- •3.2 The Calc charting capability
- •3.3 Tasks for Independent Work
- •4.2 Main Rules of Works in Scilab System
- •Variables
- •Input of vectors (arrays)
- •Input of matrixes
- •Some operations with matrixes with use of the operator ":"
- •Input from keyboard
- •Operators. Expressions use familiar arithmetic operators and precedence rules.
- •Intrinsic scilab Functions
- •Examples of Expressions
- •4.3 Individual Tasks for Laboratory Work
- •4.4 The Tasks for Self-Examination
- •4.5 Test Questions
- •5 Laboratory work № 5
- •5.3.1The plot function
- •5.3.3 Preparing Graphs for Presentation
- •Interactive Plot Editing
- •5.3.4 3D Plotting
- •5.4 Individual Tasks
- •5.6 Test Questions
- •6 Laboratory work № 6 programming in Scilab
- •6.1 Programming in scilab
- •What Happens When You Call a Function
- •Clearing Functions from Memory
- •6.2 Tasks for laboratory work
- •6.3 Example of performance of the laboratory work
- •6.4 Test Questions
- •7 ReferencEs
1.3 Linux (lubuntu) Operating System
Linux is a family of operating systems that runs your computer. The version of Linux which is called LUBUNTU has convenient graphical user interface (GUI), which help the user to control programs and hardware: manage files, to start applications, to manage devices. Main object of GUI is window. It are opened for every loaded application.
After you start lubuntu, the first thing you see is the desktop. Think of the desktop as your personalized workspace.
Several icons, or small pictures, are located on the left side of your desktop. Each icon represents an object, such as a directory or a program. Depending on how your computer is set up, your icons may be different from those in the illustration.
You can navigate around your computer in several different ways. For example, you can view your computer's contents by using File Manager. This navigational tool are easy to find File manager opens from the desktop.
The taskbar includes the Start menu, various toolbars, and a clock.
Buttons on the taskbar show you which applications are open, even if some windows are minimized or hidden beneath another window. You can easily switch to a different window by clicking its taskbar button. Using the Start button, you can accomplish almost any task.
If you prefer to look at your files in a hierarchical structure, use File Manager. Instead of opening drives and folders in separate windows, you can browse through them in a single window. The left side of the File manager window contains a list of your directories, and the right side displays the contents of a selected folder. You can use the View menu to change the appearance of the icons in the right half of the window.
Some terms of Windows Operating System:
Driver – software, that the operating system uses to control a specific piece of hardware.
File system – the overall structure in which files are named, stored, and organized by the operating system.
Directory – a location in which you can store files and other directories.
Icon – a picture representing a program, file, directory or other item.
Menu – a list of commands that appears at the top of most windows.
My Computer – a feature you can use to manage files stored on your computer or network drives. You can also gain access to system tools from My Computer. The My Computer icon appears on your desktop.
Network card – hardware that you insert in a computer to connect the computer to a network.
Path – the means of navigating to a specific location on a computer or network. A path can include a computer name, disk drive label, folder names, and a file name.
Program – a group of instructions your computer uses to perform specific tasks. For example, Libreoffice.Writer is a word-processing program. Programs are also called applications.
Shortcut – an icon that links to a file or folder. When you click a shortcut, the original item opens.
Shortcut menu – the menu that appears when you right-click an object.
Taskbar – a tool you use to open programs and navigate your computer. Usually positioned at the bottom of your screen, the taskbar contains the Start button, toolbars, a clock, and other features.
Toolbar – a set of buttons you click to perform common tasks.
Window – the rectangular portion of your screen that displays an open program or the contents of a folder or disk. You can have multiple windows open at the same time.