Карл Леонгард Акцентуированные личности 1989г

qblZl_ex ij_^eZ]Z_lky dZd [u ]hlh\uc h[jZa_p ^h[jhlu wg_j]bqghklb b l i Bklbggmx ikboheh]bq_kdmx hkgh\m ih\_kl\h\Zgb_ h[j_lZ_l ebrv \ lhf kemqZ_ dh]^Z ibkZl_ev [he__ q_ldh h[hkgh\u\Z_l hkh[_gghklb ih\_^_gby ]_jhy l _ eb[h \k_klhjhgg_ ihdZau\Z_l gZf g_h[uqgmx q_eh\_q_kdmx bg^b\b^mZevghklv eb[h bah[jZ`Z_l w\hexpbx²k\h_h[jZab_ ijhp_kkZ jZa\blby ^Zgghc bg^b\b^mZevghklb H^gZdh h[uqgh ibkZl_eb hklZ\eyxl hldjuluf \hijhk ih q_fm ex^b \_^ml k_[y bf_ggh lZd Z g_ bgZq_ hljZ`Z_lky \ ihklmidZo hij_^_e_ggZy kljmdlmjZ ebqghklb beb ihijhklm lZd keh`bebkv h[klhyl_evkl\Z dZd ijbgylh ]h\hjblv lZdh\Z km^v[Z >Z`_ ijb djZcgbo h^ghagZqguo ijhy\e_gbyo oZjZdl_jZ fh`_l [ulv g_ykgh dZd b ih dZdhc ijbqbg_ hgb \hagbdZxl GZijbf_j ]_jhc gh\_eeu K_j\Zgl_kZ©J_\gb\uc wklj_fZ^mj_pªg_\_jhylgh j_\gb\ Hg ijbgbfZ_l \k_\hafh`gu_ f_ju qlh[u bahebjh\Zlv k\hx xgmx `_gm hl \g_rg_]h fbjZ HklZ_lky h^gZdh g_ ykguf ihq_fm hg klZe lZdbf j_\gb\uf b[h djhf_ wlh]h ]heh]h nZdlZ h g_f ihqlb gbq_]h g_ ba\_klgh Dhg_qgh ihkdhevdm hg klZj Z `_gZ _]h fheh^Z fh`gh ihgylv qlh hg kdehg_g d j_\ghklb l_f [he__ qlh j_\gb\p_f [ue \k_]^Z b bf_ggh ihwlhf kebrdhf iha^gh `_gbeky Gh ihq_fm bf_ggh hg [ue \k_]^Z klhev kdehg_g d j_\ghklb b ihq_fm ih hlghr_gbx d `_g_ ^_eh ^hreh ^h lh]h qlh hg aZi_j __ dZd \ ]jh[gbp_ \ ^hf_ ]^_ \_e_e aZfmjh\Zlv \k_ hdgZ K_j\Zgl_k gbq_]h g_ ]h\hjbl Hg aZ^Zeky p_evx bah[jZablv ^h djZcghklb j_\gb\h]h q_eh\_dZ dhlhjuc g_kfhljy gZ \k_ k\hb \Zj\Zjkdb_ mobsj_gby \k_ lZdb hdZau\Z_lky h[fZgmluf lhevdh ebrv wlh bgl_j_km_l Z\lhjZ Z \h\k_ g_ ikboheh]bq_kdbc \hijhk ² dZd q_eh\_d ^hoh^bl ^h lZdbo ihklmidh\ Ihkdhevdm ikboheh]bq_kdb_ ih^jh[ghklb hklZxlky \ l_gbª qZklh [u\Z_l g_ykgh g_ fh] eb wlhl ]_jhc hdZaZlvky kh\k_f ^jm]bf l _ \hafh`gh hg ebrv \ ^Zgghc qZklghc kblmZpbb j_Z]bjm_l ih^h[guf h[jZahf LZd gZijbf_j ihq_fm :ev[j_ol kug ]_jph]Z \ jhfZg_ =_[[_ey©:]g_kkZ ;_jgZmwjª\_^_l k_[y bgZq_ q_f ^jm]b_ ZjbklhdjZlu"Ebrv ihlhfm qlh hg ihex[be [eZ]hjh^gmx ^_\mrdm ba [xj]_jkdh]h khkeh\by";ulv fh`_l iha^g__ m`_ g_ [m^mqb \ex[e_gguf :ev[j_ol klZg_l lZdbf `_ dZd b _]h hl_p ^ey dhlhjh]h iheh`_gb_ \ h[s_kl\_ agZqbl [hevr_ q_f `bagv gb \ q_f g_ ih\bgghc `_gsbgu" : fh`_l [ulv hg ih gZlmj_ ^jm]hc q_eh\_d"Fu wlh]h lZd b g_ magZ_f b[h ibkZl_ey bgl_j_km_l ebrv nZdlbq_kdZy Z lZd`_ khpbZevgZy klhjhgZ \hijhkZ l _ dhgnebdl f_`^m q_eh\_qghklvx b ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc g_h[oh^bfhklvx \ebygb_ lZdh]h dhgnebdlZ gZ ^mrm q_eh\_dZ J_Zdpbb ebqghklb g_ aZgbfZxl _]h Qlh dZkZ_lky :]g_kku lh __ j_Zdpbb \hh[s_ g_ ij_^klZ\eyxl hkh[h]h bgl_j_kZ HgZ [_a mfZ \ex[ey_lky \ :ev[j_olZ kh]eZrZ_lky klZlv _]h `_ghc ² \k_ wlh [he__ q_f ihgylgh k q_eh\_q_kdhc lhqdb aj_gby < ^Zevg_cr_f d ^jZfZlbq_kdhfm nbgZem :]g_kkm lhedZxl h[klhyl_evkl\Z \ dhlhjuo hgZ kZfZ gbq_]h g_ \ kbeZo baf_gblv hgZ y\ey_lky g_ [he__ q_f ex[ys_c `_gsbghc dhlhjZy g_ [m^mqb gb \ q_f \bgh\ghc ^he`gZ \ahclb gZ wrZnhl G_j_^dh ibkZl_eb hibku\Zxl \gmlj_gg__ ^mr_\gh_ khklhy gb_ k\hbo ]_jh_\ \hagbdZxs__ dZd j_Zdpby gZ l_ beb bgu_ kh [ulby LZdh_ hibkZgb_ ghkbl \a\hegh\Zgguc oZjZdl_j b qblZl_e_c ]em[hdh ljh]Z_l km^v[Z ebl_jZlmjguo ]_jh_\ JZkkfZljb\Zy jZa\blb_ nZ[meu ih^ ©\gmlj_ggbfª m]ehf aj_gby ibkZl_ev fh`_l k\_klb nZdlbq_kdb_ kh[ulby d h^ghc ebrv jZfd_ \ dhlhjmx dZd [u \klZ\e_gh hkgh\gh_ ² fukeb `_eZgby b qm\kl\Z q_eh\_dZ LZd ihkljh_gZ [hevrZy qZklv ijhba\_^_gbc O_fbg]mwy hkh[_ggh _]h hibkZgby gZkljh_gbc IbkZl_eb ihdZau\Zxl l_f kZfuf qlh hgb kihkh[gu d khi_j_`b\Zgbx gh gZa\Zlv wlhl jh^ baeh`_gby ikboheh]bq_kdbf \ bklbgghf kfuke_ keh\Z m gZk g_l hkgh\Zgbc ihkdhevdm \gmlj_ggyy `bagv ^_ckl\mxs_]h ebpZ bah[jZ`_gZ a^_kv \ h[s_f ieZg_ \ g_c g_ gZoh^yl hljZ`_gby j_Zdpbb km]m[h bg^b\b^mZevgh]h oZjZdl_jZ IbkZl_eb bah[jZ`Zy ^mr_\gmx `bagv ]_jhy kdehggu h[jZsZlvky d _]h ]em[hdbf qm\kl\Zf²ihdZaZlv _]h \ [hevrhf ]hj_ \ jZ^hklb P_ev bo²\ua\Zlv bkdj_gg__ khqm\kl\b_ d k\h_fm ]_jhx Gh hgb qZklh g_ klZjZxlky m[_^blv gZk \ lhf qlh ]_jhc ^_ckl\bl_evgh bkiulZe

klhev ly`db_ kljZ^Zgby beb qlh hg [ue \ kZfhf ^_e_ g_kdZaZggh jZ^ : f_`^m l_f bah[jZ`_ggu_ bf h[t_dlb\gu_ kh[ulby qZklh g_ h[tykgyxl ih^h[gh]h gZdZeZ qm\kl\ B qblZl_ev ebr_g \hafh`ghklb khi_j_`b\Zlv k ]_jh_f gZh[hjhl hlghkblky d g_fm kd_ilbq_kdb g_l ijZ\h ^ey lZdhc [mjb wfhpbc \jh^_ b g_ [ueh ^hklZlhqguo hkgh\Zgbc FZkk_ [ulh\uo jhfZgh\ h[jZs_gguo d ©qm\kl\Zfªijbkms bf_ggh wlhl g_^hklZlhd \ kbem q_]h hgb klZgh\ylky k_glbf_glZevgufb b keZsZ\ufb Ke_^m_l aZf_lblv qlh q_f [he__ \ha[m^bfu wfhpbb qblZl_ey l_f f_gvr_ hg \hkijbgbfZ_l ^Zgguc ^_n_dl l_f bkdj_gg__ hg aZo\Zq_g qm\kl\bl_evgufb dZjlbgZfb lZdh]h jh^Z Ihwlhfm lZdb_ jhfZgu b jZkkdZau ]hjZa^h hohlg__ qblZxlky \ xghklbhkh[_ggh \ hljhq_kl\_ q_f \ [he__ aj_ehf \hajZkl_ ;u\Z_l qlh jZkkdZa dhlhjuc kbevgh jZkljh]Ze gZk dh]^Z fu qblZeb _]h \ fheh^hklb kihkh[_g \ua\Zlv ^Z`_ jZa^jZ`_gb_ dh]^Z ijboh^blky qblZlv _]h q_j_a fgh]h e_l Kms_kl\_ggmx jhev b]jZ_l qj_af_jgZy qblZl_evkdZy qm\kl\bl_evghklv \ ^_lkdhf \hajZkl_ dh]^Z j_[_ghd >h ke_a aZo\Zq_g ljh]Zl_evghc bklhjb_c h ^_lyo <ijhq_f \ ihke_^g_f kemqZ_ ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv b g_^hklZlhqgmx jZa\blhklv djblbq_kdh]h ih^oh^Z d ijhqblZgghfm \ ^_lkdhf \hajZkl_ Ihjhc g_ qm\kl\Z Z fukeb ]_jhy k\yaZggu_ k kh[ulbyfb klZgh\ylky kZfh^h\e_xsbfb wlbfb fukeyfb \ujZ`Zxlky lh h[s_ijbgylu_ km`^_gby lh ebqgu_ \a]ey^u ]_jhy Z bgh]^Z b ebqgu_ \a]ey^u kZfh]h ibkZl_ey Ihke_^g__ hkh[_ggh yjdh kdZaZehkv m Lheklh]h <lhjZy qZklv wibeh]Z d jhfZgm©<hcgZ b fbjª kh^_j`bl k\ur_ kljZgbp ih^h[guo jZkkm`^_gbc ibkZl_ey M Fmabey \ jZkkm`^_gbyo [md\Zevgh mlhiZ_l kZfh ^_ckl\b_ < _]h jhfZg_©Q_eh\_d [_a dZq_kl\ª^_ckl\mxsb_ ebpZ \_^ml g_kdhgqZ_fu_ jZa]h\hju h \k_\hafh`guo ijh[e_fZo bgl_j_kguo iha\heyxsbo ihgylv kh[ulby lhc wihob h^gZdh g_ bf_xsbo jh\gh gbdZdh]h hlghr_gby d jZa\blbx kx`_lZ Bgh]^Z wlh ^Z`_ g_ jZa]h\hju Z ebrv fukeb ]eZ\gh]h ]_jhy jhfZgZ MevjboZ fukeb h fhjZeb j_eb]bb k\h[h^_ ex[\b kqZklv_ wdklZa_ iheblbd_ gZpbhgZebaf_ eb[_jZebaf_ iZpbnbaf_ ij_klmie_gbb ]_gbZevghklb ^mr_\ghc [he_agb ;_amkeh\gh fh`gh ml\_j`^Zlv qlh l_ ]_jhb om^h`_kl\_gguo ijhba\_^_gbc dhlhju_ ihklhyggh b bgl_gkb\gh fukeyl hlghkylky d bgljh\_jlbjh\Zgguf ebqghklyf gh \k_ `_ ijZ\bevg__ [ueh [u hlg_klb wlm oZjZdl_jbklbdm d kZfhfm ibkZl_ex Hg qZklh ^Z`_ g_ klZjZ_lky \eh`blv k\hb fukeb \ mklZ ]_jhy Z ij_^eZ]Z_l bo dZd k\hb kh[kl\_ggu_ Ihwlhfm gb`_ lZf ]^_ j_qv [m^_l b^lb h[ bgljh\_jlbjh\Zgghklb y g_ klZgm ZgZebabjh\Zlv fmabe_\kdh]h MevjboZ y ij_^iheZ]Zx bkihevah\Zlv ^ey ZgZebaZ ebrv lZdbo ]_jh_\ dhlhju_ k\h_c bgljh\_jlbjh\Zgghklvx kms_kl\_ggh \ebyxl gZ oh^ ih\_kl\h\Zgby <h fgh]bo ebl_jZlmjguo ijhba\_^_gbyo fh`gh gZ[ex^Zlv dZd jZaebqgu_ ih\hjhlu kh[ulbc \uau\Zxl g_h`b^Zggu_ b k\h_h[jZagu_ j_Zdpbb ]_jh_\ Hgb \g_aZigh gZqbgZxl \_klb k_[y kh\_jr_ggh g_ lZd dZd fh`gh [ueh [u h`b^Zlv ih bo ij_^u^ms_fm ih\_^_gbx Ebph ihklmiZ\r__ g_ihjy^hqgh \^jm] h[gZjm`b\Z_l ^h[ju_ klhjhgu k\h_c gZlmju q_eh\_d fy]dhk_j^_qguc hdZau\Z_lky \u^_j`Zgguf kbevguf q_eh\_d ]jm[uc b [_kp_j_fhgguc ² g_`guf b \k_ wlb f_lZfhjnhau ijhbkoh^yl ihlhfm qlh lh]h lj_[mxl g_mfhebfu_ ih\hjhlu kx`_lZ GZijbf_j ]_jhb <Zevl_jZ KdhllZ ihklhyggh ij_ih^ghkyl gZf g_h`b^Zggu_ j_qb b ihklmidb LZd JZ\_gk\m^ ]eZ\guc ]_jhc ©EZff_jfmjkdhc g_\_kluª ij_bkiheg_g g_mfhebfhc ]hj^ugb b ^mfZ _l ebrv h[ h^ghf ² dZd [u khojZgblv q_klv jh^Z JZ\_gk\m^h\ b hlhfklblv aZ hlpZ H^gZdh wlh g_ f_rZ_l _fm k bgl_j_khf ke_^blv aZ hohlhc dhlhjmx mkljhbeb _]h \jZ]b gZ l_o kZfuo iheyo dhlhju_ _s_ ^h g_^Z\g_]h \j_f_gb ijbgZ^e_`Zeb _fm Klhedgm\rbkv kh k\hbf ae_crbf \jZ]hf ² ehj^hf ojZgbl_e_f i_qZlb JZ\_gk\m^ kfhljbl gZ g_]h k lZdbf fjZqguf ]g_\hf qlh hdjm`Zxsb_ ^Z`_ hiZkZxlky dZd [u hg g_ aZklj_ebe ehj^Z Gh ijhoh^bl g_fgh]h \j_f_gb b JZ\_gk\m^ ijb]eZrZ_l ehj^Z d k_[_ \ ]hklb Z aZl_f b kZf hlijZ\ey_lky d g_fm Bgh]^Z j_adb_ ih\hjhlu ke_^mxl m <Zevl_jZ KdhllZ

^jm] aZ ^jm]hf g_h[udgh\_ggh [ukljh LZd m h^gbo b l_o `_ i_jkhgZ`_c `_klhdZy \jZ`^Z \g_aZigh i_j_oh^bl \ bkdj_ggxx ^jm`[m fm`qbgu \uo\Zlu\Zxl f_qb ba gh`_g b \ h^gh f]gh\_gb_ m[_`^Zxlky \ lhf qlh yjhklv bo [ueZ g_h[hkgh\ZggZ Hlghr_gb_ JZ\_gk\m^Z d k\h_fm \_jghfm kem]_ DZe_[m lhl ihklhyggh ijb^mfu\Z_l \kydb_ g_[uebpu qlh[u kdjulv qlh _]h ]hkih^bg h[_^g_e dZdh_ lh ^\hckl\_ggh_ k h^ghc klhjhgu hg \b^bl h[fZg kem]b ^Z _]h g_\hafh`gh g_ m\b^_lv k ^jm]hc klhjhgu hg iha\hey_l _fm \_kvfZ ijbfblb\guf h[jZahf \h^blv k_[y aZ ghk LZd JZ\_gk\m^ \_jbl kem]_ ml\_j`^Zxs_fm qlh jh^h\hc aZfhd JZ\_gk\m^h\ h[tyl ieZf_g_f gZ kZfhf `_ ^_e_ wlh iueZ_l dhkl_j \h ^\hj_ aZfdZ Dh]^Z JZ\_gk\m^ ohq_l ijb[ebablvky d aZfdm kem]Z m^_j`b\Z_l _]h hq_j_^ghc eh`vx ih]j_[Z aZfdZ ydh[u aZ\Ze_gu ihjhohf b dZ`^mx fbgmlm \k_ \hdjm] fh`_l \ahj\Zlvky Baf_g_gby \ j_Zdpbyo ]_jh_\ m <Zevl_jZ KdhllZ fu gZ[ex ^Z_f b lZf ]^_ nZ[meZ \h\k_ g_ lj_[m_l lZdbo ikboheh]bq_kdbo ih\hjhlh\ Qj_a\uqZcgh baf_gqb\hc gZijbf_j ij_^klZ\e_gZ Wnnb ba jhfZgZ ©W^bg[mj]kdZy l_fgbpZªKgZqZeZ wlh ba[Zeh\ZggZy ^_\bpZ dhlhjZy iha\hey_l h\eZ^_lv kh[hc ]jm[hfm b `_klhdhfm q_eh\_dm Dh]^Z __ gh\hjh`^_gguc j_[_ghd \^jm] ©bkq_aZ_lª _c jZamf__lky ]jhabl kf_jlgZy dZagv D dZagb Wnnb \uy\ey_l \_kvfZ ijhlb\hj_qb\h_ hlghr_gb_ lh hgZ mfhey_l k\hx k_kljm ^Zlv eh`gh_ ihdZaZgb_ dhlhjh_ fh]eh [u kiZklb Wnnb hl kf_jlb lh hgZ gZf_j_gZ klhcdh ijbgylv dZjm hldZaZ\rbkv hl ih^]hlh\e_ggh]h __ \haex[e_gguf [_]kl\Z ba lxjvfu <h \j_fy km^Z hgZ kgZqZeZ bkiulu\Z_l hlqZygguc kljZo b dh]^Z \ aZe_ km^Z ihy\ey_lky __ k_kljZ djbqbl©H >`_ggb kiZkb kiZkb f_gyªGh ^Zevr_ Wnnb ^_j`bl k_[y k ^hklhbgkl\hf Z ihke_ h[ty\e_gby ijb]h\hjZ km^Z h kf_jlghc dZagb q_j_a ih\_r_gb_ ^Z`_ h[jZsZ_lky d ijbky`guf aZk_^Zl_eyf k q_f lh \jh^_ gZklZ\e_gby©>Z ijhklbl \Zk [h] ]hkih^Z B g_ k_j^bl_kv aZ lh qlh kdZ`m \Zf \__fu gm`^Z_fky \ ijhs_gbb Qlh dZkZ_lky f_gy lh \ijZ\_ eb y mij_dZlv \Zk"<u \ug_keb lZdhc ijb]h\hj dZdhc kh\_klv \Zf ih^kdZaZeZªQ_j_a fgh]h e_l fu \klj_qZ_f Wnnb k\_lkdhc ^Zfhc mlhiZxs_c \ jhkdhrb G_ihke_^h\Zl_e_g b h[jZa kh[eZagbl_ey Wnnb ij_keh\mlh]h [Zg^blZ b m[bcpu Jh[_jlkhgZ Hg keu\_l gZ j_^dhklv eh\dbf `mebdhf gh lZd g_e_ih \_^_l k_[y \h \j_fy jh`^_gby j_[_gdZ qlh gh\hjh`^_ggh]h ihobsZxl m g_]h ba ih^ ghkZ ohly hg b ^Ze keh\h©\k_ mkljhblvªIhke_ kf_jlgh]h ijb]h\hjZ \ug_k_ggh]h Wnnb Jh[_jlkhg ]hlh\ ih`_jl\h\Zlv `bagvx qlh[u ^h[blvky _c ihfbeh\Zgby H^gZdh ijbghkbfZy \ `_jl\m `bagv ² wlh `bagv ij_klmigbdZ aZ ihbfdm dhlhjh]h gZagZq_gh \hagZ]jZ`^_gb_ ©Ih`_jl\h\Zlv `bagvxª Jh[_jlkhgm f_rZ_l iZ^_gb_ k ehrZ^b gh ih \k_c \b^bfhklb ljZ\fZ gh]b g_ klhev m` k_jv_agZ lZd dZd \h \j_fy jZa]h\hjZ ijhbkoh^ys_]h \ lhl `_ ^_gv k _]h hlphf hg `b\h \kdZdb\Z_l k ihkl_eb DZaZehkv [u qlh g_\hafh`ghklv kiZklb Wnnb hl kljZrghc kf_jlb ^he`gZ [ueZ [u ihljyklb __ \haex[e_ggh]h h^gZdh hg \hh[s_ g_ aZ\h^bl h[ wlhf j_qb ohly ijb jZa]h\hj_ ijbkmlkl\m_l __ k_kljZ <f_klh wlh]h hg gZqbgZ_l ijhkljZggh jZkkdZau\Zlv h k\h_c `bagb h lhf dZd hg ^hdZlbeky ^h [Zg^blbafZ Wlh k\b^_l_evkl\m_l h iheghc [_kqm\kl\_gghklb Jh[_jlkhgZ dhlhjuc ^he`_g [ue [u bkiulu\Zlv b `Zehklv d Wnnb b ]hjvdh_ jZkdZygb_ aZ ijbqbg_ggu_ _c kljZ^Zgby Iha^g__ ijhbkoh^bl fhjZevgh_ i_j_jh`^_gb_ Jh[_jlkhgZ ihke_ dhlhjh]h hg klZgh\blky kwjhf >`hj^`_f KlZmglhghf <ijhq_f ih kemoZf hg klZ\ iwjhf :g]ebb ih ij_`g_fm \_kvfZ ]jm[ `_gZ ^jh`bl ijb h^ghf _]h \a]ey^_ Gh \hl hg ihk_sZ_l W^bg[mj] ]^_ [ueh \ k\h_ \j_fy kh\_jr_gh kZfh_ ly`dh_ _]h ij_klmie_gb_ <g_aZigh hg ijboh^bl \ m`Zk hl k\hbo ij_`gbo ^_ygbc hl \b^Z lxjvfu dhlhjmx g_dh]^Z oeZ^ghdjh\gh rlmjfh\Ze <h \j_fy ihk_s_gby lxjvfu hg bkiulu\Z_l ijbklmi hkljhc keZ[hklb ]heh\hdjm`_gb_ Kimlgbdb \ugm`^_gu hl\_klb _]h \ khk_^gbc ^hf qlh[u hg ijbr_e \ k_[y b mkihdhbeky GZ h[jZlghf imlb hg g_kdhevdh jZa \ha\jZsZ_lky fukeyfb d \bablm \ W^bg[mj] b \kydbc jZa ihqlb l_jy_l khagZgb_ lZd qlh

ijboh^blky ^_eZlv \ imlb h^gm hklZgh\dm aZ ^jm]hc Hl_p Wnnb >_\bk >bg_ j_eb]bhaguc k_dlZgl g_ihdhe_[bfh ij_^Zg k\h_c k_dl_ ?]h hlghr_gb_ d Wnnb ^\hckl\_ggh hgh dhe_[e_lky f_`^m bkdj_ggbf khqm\kl\b_f b j_adbf hkm`^_gb_f

Mihfyg_f lZd`_ Ewj^Z >Zf[_^ZcdZ \ex[e_ggh]h \ >`_ggb Ba aZ [_kihfhsghklb b jh[hklb hg gbdZd g_ fh`_l ijbagZlvky _c \ ex[\b ohly b g_ kimkdZ_l k g__ \ex[e_gguo ]eZa Wlh ih\lhjyehkv bah ^gy \ ^_gv ba ]h^Z \ ]h^ gh kf_ehklb h[tykgblvky hg lZd b g_ h[j_e gbdh]^Z <h \k_f hklZevghf hg lZd`_ g_eh\hd b g_e_i >`_ggb ijh k_[y gZau\Z_l _]h ©[he\Zghfª H^gZdh wlhl aZkl_gqb\uc b ^Z`_ g_ kh\k_f dZd [m^lh mfkl\_ggh iheghp_gguc q_eh\_d h^gh\j_f_ggh ij_\hkoh^gh gZeZ^be ohayckl\h \ k\h_f bf_gbb b mfm^jbeky kdhehlblv ijbebqgh_ khklhygb_ <k_ wlh ]h\hjblky ^ey lh]h qlh[u ihdZaZlv dZd k\h[h^gh bgh]^Z h[jZsZxlky ibkZl_eb k lZdbf ihgylb_f dZd p_evghklv ebqghklb LZdhc g_^hklZlhd fu gZ[ex^Z_f ^Z`_ m fZkl_jZ hibkZgby Zdp_glmbjh\Zgguo ebqghkl_c B_j_fbb =hlo_evnZ Ijbf_jhf fh`_l kem`blv h[jZa ^y^xrdb =Zgaeb ba _]h jhfZgZ ©=Zgk Ch]]_eb dmf k gZke_^kl\hfª d dhlhjhfm fu _s_ \_jg_fky >y^xrdZ =Zgaeb wlhl ]jm[uc g_ \eZ^_xsbc kh[hc ]hjeZg \^jm] ij_^klZ_l i_j_^ gZfb \ ebqbg_ ebp_f_jgh]h evkl_pZ k

;jZl_p =Zgaeb wlhl [Zjbg k gh] ^h ]heh\u ]jm[uc b h]jZgbq_gguc gh mf_euc gZ]euc b obljuc lZf ]^_ j_qv reZ h djmiguo ^_g_`guo dmrZo ijb[eb`Zeky d mkZ^v[_ k ebphf ^urZsbf aeh[hc dZd m kZfh]h ^vy\heZ Ly`_eh lhiZy hg gZijZ\beky d dhgxrgyf ]^_ ijbdZaZe g_f_^e_ggh aZdeZ^u\Zlv ehrZ^_c b ijb wlhf k[jmx \aylv gZjy^gmx AZl_f hg k ]jhohlhf ijhke_^h\Ze \ ^hf ]^_ ko\Zlbe dgml b \u_a^ghc dZnlZg Ih]hgyy ehrZ^_c hg klZe \^jm] mkbe_ggh ^mfZlv qlh kemqZehkv k gbf g_ qZklh >_eh \ lhf qlh _fm ijbreh \ ]heh\m²jZgvr_ hg gZ^ wlbf dZd lh g_ aZ^mfu\Zeky²qlh \_^v hg g_ `_gZl Z ;_[_eb g_ aZfm`_f b qlh ;_[_eb klZeZ l_i_jv [h]Zlhc gZke_^gbp_c b qlh _keb m` k aZ\_sZgb_f gbq_]h k^_eZlv g_ m^Z_lky lh aZlh [ulv fh`_l ^_eh \u]hjbl k kZfhc ^_\mrdhc B \ dhgp_ dhgph\ g_ \k_ eb jZ\gh dZdbf iml_f ebrv [u ijbclb \ blh]_ d bf_gbx G_^e_[h^_g G_^e_[h^_g²^Z ^Z \hl qlh ]eZ\gh_ B \^jm] ^y^xrdZ =Zgaeb \_kv \u\_jgmeky dZd i_jqZldZ k ba\_klghc we_]Zglghklvx hldjue ^\_jv \ ]hklbgmx ]^_ hg gZ^_yeky m\b^_lv ;_[_eb b \ kZfhf ^_e_ m\b^_e __ B k [_kklu^kl\hf q_eh\_dZ ^ey dhlhjh]h g_ kms_kl\m_l lh h q_f hg kZf `_ aZy\eye \k_]h g_kdhevdh qZkh\ lhfm gZaZ^ hg ih^hr_e d g_c ijhlygme jmdm b hl \k_c ^mrb ih`_eZe _c kqZklvy Lml `_ hg \klZ\be qlh kqblZ_l __ ^hklhcghc gZke_^gbp_c b qlh ihdhcguc [jZl_p m` lhqgh agZe \ qvb jmdb hl^Z_l k\h_ ^h[jh Z ;_[_eb dhg_qgh aZkem`beZ g_`^Zggh_ k\h_ kqZklv_ l_ji_gb_f b djhlhklvx

LZd =Zgaeb hlghkblky l_i_jv d ^_\mrd_ dhlhjmx hg jZgvr_ ihghkbe ihke_^gbfb keh\Zfb B l_dml keZ^db_ j_qb dhlhjufb hg gZ^__lky aZ\h_\Zlv jZkiheh`_gb_ ;_[_eb Qlh ` ihgylgh qlh q_eh\_d klZjZ_lky aZ]eZ^blv \i_qZle_gb_ \ua\Zggh_ _]h ]jm[uf ih\_^_gb_f Ij_^klZ\ \ g_\u]h^ghf k\_l_ hg bah \k_o kbe iulZ_lky kfy]qblv kblmZpbx b ^ey wlh]h \gmlj_gg_ i_j_kljZb\Z_lky H^gZdh wibe_ilhb^guc ikbohiZl g_ fh`_l \g_aZigh klZlv ikbohiZlhf bkl_jbq_kdbf ^Z`_ _keb wlh]h lj_[mxl khh[jZ`_gby ebqghc \u]h^u G_ fh`_l hg \^jm] h[gZjm`blv g_aZmjy^gu_ Zdl_jkdb_ kihkh[ghklb g_ ^Zgh _fm©\u\_jgmlvky dZd i_jqZldZªGh fh`_l [ulv m gZk _klv hkgh\Zgby mkfhlj_lv m =Zgaeb h[_ mihfygmlu_ q_jlu ebqghklb"G_l b lZdh_ ij_^iheh`_gb_ g_ j_rZ_l ijh[e_fu l_ \ha[m^bfu_ ebqghklb dhlhju_ h^gh\j_f_ggh y\eyxlky ^_fhgkljZlb\gufb \k_ `_ hklZxlky ly`_eh\_kgufb b ijhy\eyxl ^Z`_ \ bkl_jbq_kdbo j_Zdpbyo ba\_klgmx ]jm[h\Zlhklv Wlb ex^b fh]ml ijb `_eZgbb ihdZaZlv k_[y b ^h[jh^mrgufb b aZkem`b\Zxsbfb ^h\_jby gh gbdh]^Z g_ jZau]jZxl jhev evkl_pZ lZd lhgdh k lZdbf fZkl_jkl\hf k lZdbf bays_kl\hf dZd wlh hibkZgh m =hlo_evnZ Q_eh\_d g_ fh`_l \k_]^Z

[ulv h^bgZdh\uf H^gZdh \ hkgh\_ g_dhc ijbgpbibZevghc i_j_kljhcdb ih\_^_gby \k_]^Z e_`Zl ]em[hdb_ ijbqbgu J_qv gZijbf_j fh`_l b^lb h ikbobq_kdhf jZa\blbb dhlhjh_ \ua\Zgh l_q_gb_f \g_rgbo kh[ulbc LZdh_ jZa\blb_ ^ey ikbobZljZ ij_^klZ\ey_l hkh[uc bgl_j_k Gh gZijbf_j \ ©Lbfhg_ :nbgkdhfªR_dkibjZ fu g_ fh`_f ]h\hjblv h jZa\blbb ebqghklb Z ebrv h __ gZ^ehf_ dhlhjuc k ikboheh]bq_kdhc lhqdb aj_gby g_ihgyl_g <gZqZe_ Lbfhg dZ`_lky gZf q_eh\_dhf s_^j__ b ^h[jhk_j^_qg__ dhlhjh]h ljm^gh k_[_ ij_^klZ\blv M g_]h ihklhyggh ihehg ^hf ]hkl_c hg ]hlh\ h^Zjblv \kydh]h dlh h[ wlhf ihijhkbl IhemqZy ih^Zjhd hg \ha^Z_l ih^Zjb\r_fm klhjbp_c LZd ihkl_i_ggh hg jZkljZqb\Z_l h]jhfgh_ khklhygb_ >jmavy ij_`^_ m\b\Z\rb_ky \hdjm] g_]h ihdb^Zxl h[_^g_\r_]h ih]jyar_]h \ ^he]Zo LbfhgZ b gbdlh g_ ohq_l h^he`blv _fm gb ]jhrZ Ihgylgh qlh lZdZy g_[eZ]h^Zjghklv \hafmsZ_l ^h ]em[bgu ^mrb gh h[t_dlb\gh g_fukebfh qlh[u klhev \_ebdh^mrguc q_eh\_d dZd Lbfhg klZe [u g_bklh\uf debdmr_c ij_abjZxsbf g_ lhevdh nZevrb\uo ^jma_c gh b \k_o Znbgyg ihkueZy gZ bo ]heh\u kljZrgu_ ijhdeylvy k

< ihke_^gbc jZa \a]eygm gZ ]hjh^ k\hc Kl_gZ jZa lu \hedZf h]jZ^hc kem`brv JZkkuivky b g_ aZsbsZc :nbg FZljhgu klZgvl_ rexoZfb \u ^_lb Ihql_gb_ d jh^bl_eyf aZ[m^vl_ JZ[u b ^mjZdb k ihklh\ k\_j]Zcl_ K_gZlhjh\ fhjsbgbkluo b \Z`guo

B ijbgbfZcl_kv ijZ\blv \f_klh gbo

P\_lmsZy g_\bgghklv hdmgbkv

< ]jyav b jZa\jZl jZkimlgbp_c [_kklu^gh < ijbkmlkl\bb hlph\ b fZl_j_c ;Zgdjhl ^_j`bkv g_ \ha\jZsZc ^he]h\ O\ZlZc k\hc gh`²j_`v ]ehldm dj_^blhjm Kem]Z gZ^_`guc ]jZ[v k\hbo ]hkih^ Ohaybg l\hc gZ^_`guc²lh`_ \hj Gh ihdjmig_c b ]jZ[bl ih aZdhgm Eh`bkv \ ihkl_ev d ohaybgm kem`ZgdZ ?]h `_gZ jZkimlgbqZlv ihreZ Lu kug ex[bfuc \uj\b m hlpZ M\_qgh]h b ^jyoeh]h dhkluev

B ]heh\m _fm jZa[_c

LZdh_ dhj_ggh_ baf_g_gb_ ebqghklb dhg_qgh g_evay h[tykgblv ij_\jZlghklyfb km^v[u dhlhju_ ijbrehkv bkiulZlv Lbfhgm Ijbqbghc fh]eh [ulv lhevdh ^mr_\gh_ aZ[he_\Zgb_ :

fh`_l [ulv R_dkibj ohl_e kha^Zlv h[jZa ^mr_\gh[hevgh]h q_eh\_dZ g_ ajy nbehkhn :i_fZgl dhlhjuc km^y ih _]h j_iebdZf kZf g_ kh\k_f mfkl\_ggh a^hjh\ ]h\hjbl Lbfhgm©>Z lu ]eZ\Z \k_o ^mjZdh\ gZ k\_l_ª K \_kvfZ oZjZdl_jghc dZjlbghc iZjZghbq_kdh]h jZa\blby ebqghklb ]_jh_\ fu \klj_qZ_fky \ ©Hl_eehªR_dkibjZ Z lZd`_ \ ih\_klb De_cklZ©FboZwev DhevoZZkªD wlhfm \hijhkm fu _s_ \_jg_fky A^_kv \djZlp_ hklZgh\bfky gZ ^\mo i_jkhgZ`Zo ba ih\_klb ©>_gv]b b ^mrZª =hlo_evnZ dhlhju_ y\eyxlky ijbf_jhf jZa\b lby gh ]h\hjblv a^_kv h iZjZghbq_kdhf kbg^jhf_ g_l gbdZdbo hk gh\Zgbc >\h_ kmijm]h\ ihke_ jy^Z fZl_jbZevguo ihl_jv b \k_ \hafh`guo jZagh]eZkbc gZqbgZxl \k_ [hevr_ qm`^Zlvky ^jm] ^jm]Z >h wlh]h hgb \_eb ^h\hevgh fbjgmx kh\f_klgmx `bagv l_i_jv `_ ba\h^yl ^jm] ^jm]Z y\gufb b kdjulufb mij_dZfb aZ l_f h[Z gZqbgZxl jZkdZb\Zlvky ^h\h^y lZdbf h[jZahf ^jm] ^jm]Z ^h khklhygby Znn_dlZ <aZbfgZy \jZ`^Z dhlhjZy ebrv dh_ dZd ijbdjulZ \g_rg_ \k_ gZjZklZ_l LZdh_ jZa\blb_ fh`gh kjZ\gblv k jZkijhkljZg_gguf [ulh\uf y\e_gb_f k lZd gZau\Z_fuf dhfie_dkhf l_sb ijb dhlhjhf aZ gZqZevguf wlZihf ^h\hevgh fbjgh]h khkms_kl\h\Zgby ke_^m_l gZjZklZxsZy \jZ`^_[ghklv klh jhg :nn_dl \hagbdZ_l \ kbem lh]h qlh ih\k_^g_\gu_ jZagh]eZkby dhlhju_ qZs_ \k_]h k\yaZgu k \f_rZl_evkl\hf l_sb \ ^_eZ fheh^uo kmijm]h\ ihkl_i_ggh i_j_oh^yl \h \jZ`^_[gu_ hlghr_gby \ dhlhjuo h[_ klhjhgu ihhq_j_^gh lh ih[_`^Zxl lh l_jiyl ihjZ`_gb_ Wlb©dhe_[Zgby fZylgbdZª\_^ml d ihkl_i_gghfm gZ jZklZgbx Znn_dlZ \ dhg_qghf blh]_ ihy\ey_lky ]em[hdZy g_gZ \bklv Q_eh\_d gZkljh_gguc \ h[s_f lh fbjgh fh`_l klZlv \hbgkl\mxsbf kihjsbdhf JZa\blb_ g_ bf__l f_klZ \ l_o kemqZyo dh]^Z ijb jZagh]eZkbyo h^gZ ba klhjhg iheghklvx ^hfbgbjm_l lZd qlh [hjv[Z dZd lZdh\Zy \hh[s_ g_fukebfZ M klhjhgu m]g_lZ_fhc² g_aZ\bkbfh hl lh]h [m^_l eb wlh l_sZ beb g_\_kldZ ² kihj g_ ihjh`^Z_l kblmZpbb Znn_dlZ ^Z`_ _keb wlZ klhjhgZ bkiulu\Z_l gZklhysb_ kljZ^Zgby Lh qlh \ ikbobZljbb gZau\Zxl iZlheh]bq_kdbf jZa\blb_f \k_]^Z \hagbdZ_l gZ ihq\_©wnn_dlZ jZkdZqb\Zgbyª<ijhq_f jZa\blb_ \ rbjhdhf kfuke_ keh\Z fh`gh mkfZljb\Zlv \ l_o kemqZyo dh]^Z q_eh\_d \k_ [hevr_ ijbkihkZ[eb\Z_lky d \g_rgbf \ha^_ckl\byf gZijbf_j \ aZ\bkbfhf iheh`_gbb klZgh\blky \k_ [he__ jh[dbf beb gZh[hjhl ^h[b\rbkv [hevrhc \eZklb ^_eZ_lky gZ^f_ggh g_ijbklmiguf Dh]^Z ih oh^m ih\_kl\h\Zgby \ ih\_^_gbb ]_jhy gZ[ex^Zxlky ijbgpbibZevgu_ baf_g_gby fu \iZ^Z_f \ kh[eZag mkfhlj_lv gZebqb_ jZa\blby \ madhf beb rbjhdhf kfuke_ keh\Z gh \^m fZ\rbkv ]em[`_ m[_`^Z_fky qlh hkgh\Zgby ^ey wlh]h hlkmlkl\mxl GZijbf_j h[jZa GZgZ ba h^ghbf_ggh]h jhfZgZ Ahey <gZqZe_ m gZk kha^Z_lky \i_qZle_gb_ qlh GZgZ²iZ^rZy `_gsbgZ dhlhjZy ih^ \ebygb_f jZa\blby \_^_l k_[y \k_ [he__ g_h[ma^Zggh jZkimlgh H^gZdh ijbkfhlj_\rbkv \gbfZl_evg__ fu m[_`^Z_fky qlh f_`^m jZaebqgufb klZ^byfb __ ih\_^_gby g_l k\yamxsbo ikboheh]bq_kdbo fhklbdh\ GZqbgZ_lky \k_ k lh]h qlh GZgZ ² ZdljbkZ b ZdljbkZ [_a^ZjgZy GZ im[ebdm hgZ \ha^_ckl\m_l ij_bfms_kl\_ggh k\h_c gZ]hlhc HgZ klZgh\blky ex[h\gbp_c djmigh]h [ZgdbjZ hg ^Zjbl _c hkh[gyd k jhkdhrguf kZ^hf GZgZ ijboh^bl \ \hklhj] hl k\Zeb\r_]hky gZ g__ [h]Zlkl\Z k [eZ]h]h\_gb_f `_gsbgu©ba gbah\ªhgZ \abjZ_l gZ klZjmx ]_jph]bgx `b\msmx ih khk_^kl\m <kdhj_ hgZ agZdhfblky k k_fgZ^pZlbe_lgbf xghr_c \ dhlhjhf ijbgbfZ_l [ebadh_ mqZklb_ \gZqZe_ km]m[h fZl_jbgkdh_ aZl_f f_`^m gbfb \hagbdZ_l k_dkmZevgZy k\yav H^gh \j_fy hgZ `b\_l \ djhr_qghc d\Zjlbjd_ \f_kl_ k dZdbf lh gh\uf ^jm]hf lhl ihkl_i_ggh klZgh\blky __ kml_g_jhf HgZ [h]hl\hjbl _]h [_ajhihlgh kghkbl [jZgv b ex[u_ ba^_\Zl_evkl\Z ihke_ ih[h_\ ex[bl©^jm]Zª_s_ kbevg__ < wlhf i_jbh^_ `bagb GZgZ y\ey_lky ijhklblmldhc kZfh]h gbadh]h ihrb[Z ba l_o qlh klhyl gZ m]em b aZau\Zxl fm`qbg F_`^m ijhqbf hgZ ihiZ^Z_l b \ djm] ]hfhk_dkmZebklh\ Ijhoh^bl g_fgh]h \j_f_gb²b \hl fu m`_ \b^bf GZgZ ex[h\gbp_c ]jZnZ FxnnZ HgZ `b\_l \ \_ebdhe_ighf ^\hjp_ k fZkkhc kem] k kh[kl\_gguf \u_a^hf < [e_kd_

hdjm`Zxs_]h __ [h]Zlkl\Z GZgZ klZgh\blky gZ g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy \eZklbl_evgbp_c ^mf k\_lkdh]h IZjb`Z ?keb jZgvr_ \ g_c [ueh ohlv dZdh_ lh ^h[jh^mrb_ bkdj_gghklv lh l_i_jv hgZ \_^_l k_[y djZcg_ [_kp_j_fhggh gb k d_f b gb k q_f g_ kqblZykv HgZ baf_gy_l ]jZnm kh fgh`_kl\hf ^jm]bo fm`qbg aZklZ\eyy _]h fbjblvky k wlbf HgZ dZd \Zfibj \ukZku\Z_l ^_gv]b ba FxnnZZ ihimlgh b ba ^jm]bo fm`qbg L_ `_ m dhlhjuo ^_gv]b dhgqbebkv ih^e_`Zl ba]gZgbx G_kfhljy gZ [_r_gu_ ^hoh^u GZgZ \k_]^Z \ ^he]Zo _c gm`gh \k_ qlh fh`_l k^_eZlv __ [e_kd _s_ [he__ yjdbf H^gh \j_fy GZgZ gZoh^blky \ \boj_ ]_l_jhk_dkmZevguo b ]hfhk_dkmZevguo kljZkl_c < dhgp_ dhgph\ hgZ klZgh\blky [_kqm\kl\_gghc b [_kihsZ^ghc nmjb_c dhlhjZy h[jZsZ_lky k fm`qbgZfb dZd k jZ[Zfb k kh[ZdZfb ba[b\Zy bo ihibjZy gh]Zfb b [_kklu^g_crbf h[jZahf aZklZ\eyy bo hl^Z\Zlv _c ihke_^gbc ]jhr G_kdhevdh q_eh\_d ba aZ g__ jZahj_gu h^bg ihiZ^Z_l \ lxjvfm qlh[u m^h\e_l\hjblv __ ijbohlb hg ijbk\hbe [Zgdh\kdb_ \deZ^u K_fgZ^pZlbe_lgbc xghrZ ba j_\ghklb aZdZeu\Z_lky gh`hf gZ __ ]eZaZo Ih^ dhg_p hgZ gZ g_dhlhjh_ \j_fy klZgh\blky kh^_j`Zgdhc jmkkdh]h dgyay <_jgm\rbkv \ IZjb` hgZ ih]b[Z_l hl hkiu Ljm^gh [ueh [u mkfhlj_lv \h \k_o wlbo ebqbgZo \ dhlhjuo Ahey aZklZ\ey_l ijhclb i_j_^ gZfb k\hx ]_jhbgx p_evgmx kljmdlmjm ebqghklb w\hexpby dhlhjhc ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ikboheh]bq_kdb ih^dj_ie_ggh_ jZa\blb_ <ijhq_f Ahey b g_ klZ\bl i_j_^ kh[hc p_ev ihdZaZlv imlv lZdhc ebqghklb hg bah[j_lZ_l GZgZ lZdhc dZdhc hgZ ih _]h aZfukem ^he`gZ ij_^klZ\Zlv \ jZaebqguo klZ^byo k\h_c [bh]jZnbb >jm]b_ i_jkhgZ`b jhfZgZ g_ klhev baf_gqb\u dZd _]h ]eZ\gZy ]_jhbgy gh hgb b g_ ijhy\eyxl gbdZdbo bg^b\b^mZevguo j_ Zdpbc Hgb ih`Zemc fh]ml [ulv ijbf_jhf lh]h dZd qZklh \ om^h`_kl\_gghc ebl_jZlmj_©km^v[Z b]jZ_l q_eh\_dhfª kZf `_ hg hklZ_lky bg_jlguf \ __ ©eZiZoª Ahey aZ^mfZe ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlv k\hbf jhfZghf hij_^_e_gguc ikboheh]bq_kdbc l_abk _keb k_dkmZevgu_ ihlj_[ghklb \ q_eh\_d_ jZa\b\Zxlky ^h iZlheh]bq_kdhc kl_i_gb lh hgb kihkh[gu kehfblv ex[u_ khpbZevgu_ b ebqgu_ ij_]jZ^u <k_ ex^b ihdhj_ggu_ wjhlbqghklvx GZgZ y\eyxlky ebrv iZkkb\gufb `_jl\Zfb __ kljZklb Ahey g_^hmq_e gZ fhc \a]ey^ qlh jZaebqgu_ bg^b\b^u ^Z`_ ho\Zq_ggu_ \e_q_gb_f h^bgZdh\hc kbeu \k_ `_ ih jZaghfm ih^^Zxlky beb \klmiZxl k gbf \ [hjv[m ih jZaghfm j_Z]bjmxl gZ ]jhaysmx bf hiZkghklv M Ahey `_ \k_ ex[h\gbdb GZgZ ihdhjyxlky _c [_ah]h\hjhqgh \g_rgb_ ijhy\e_gby m]g_ l_gby hdZau\Zxlky h^bgZdh\ufb Dhgnebdl f_`^m ebqghklvx b \e_q_gb_f m [hevrbgkl\Z fm`qbg \hh[s_ g_ \hagbdZ_l IjZ\^Z \ ^mr_ ]jZnZ FxnnZ fu gZ[ex^Z_f \gmlj_ggxx [hjv[m gh hgZ k\yaZgZ g_ k hkh[_gghklyfb _]h ebqghklb Z k _]h j_eb]bhagufb m[_`^_gbyfb DZd aZf_lgh kljZ^Z_l ikboheh]bq_kdZy m[_^bl_evghklv om^h`_kl\_ggh]h ijhba\_^_gby dh]^Z jZa\blb_ i_jkhgZ`_c ebrv dZ`ms__ky b g_ dhj_gblky \ p_evghklb ebqghklb y ohl_e [u ih dZaZlv gZ ijbf_j_ jhfZgZ dhlhjuc ih^l\_j`^Z_l wlm fukev ]hjZa^h m[_^bl_evg__ q_f ©GZgZª Ahey Y bf_x \ \b^m h^bg ba jhfZgh\ ;ZevaZdZ ;ZevaZdZ qZklh ijbqbkeyxl d jhfZgbklZf ikboheh]Zf ^Z hg \hafh`gh b ohjhrbc ikboheh] ihkdhevdm ohjhrh ihgbfZ_l ex^_c b kihkh[_g [e_klys_ hibkZlv hl^_evgu_ bo oZjZdl_jheh]bq_kdb_ q_jlu H^gZdh h[jZau _]h g_ h[eZ^Zxl p_evghklvx ebqghklb ]_jh_\ hlebqZ_l qbklZy kf_gZ j_Zdpbc J_Zdpbb `_ ij_^klZ\e_gu lZdbfb dZdbfb gm`gu Z\lhjm ^ey hkms_kl\e_gby _]h kx`_lgh]h aZfukeZ ^ey lh]h qlh[u ihfhqv kha^Zgbx ijb^mfZgguo bf yjdbo kblmZpbc Z g_ ]em[hdhfm ihdZam ikboheh]bb Kh[kl\_ggh Z\lhjZ fZeh ljh]Z_l gZkdhevdh ihklmidb ]_jh_\ hijZ\^Zgu dZd hgb kh]eZkmxlky k bo ij_^r_kl\mxsbfb j_Zdpbyfb IjhZgZebabjm_f ^_lZevgh h^gh ba kZfuo agZf_gbluo ijhba\_^_gbc ;ZevaZdZ jhfZg ©Ljb^pZlbe_lgyy `_gsbgZª @xeb ]eZ\gZy ]_jhbgy jhfZgZ ² ^_\mrdZ hq_gv `bag_jZ^hklgZy ^Z`_ \ ^_gv k\h_c k\Z^v[u hgZ rZebl gZijhiZemx < kp_g_ dhlhjmx y bf_x \ \b^m ;ZevaZd g_khfg_ggh ohq_l ih^q_jdgmlv \k_ _s_ k\hckl\_ggmx _]h ]_jhbg_ ^_lkdmx j_a\hklv H^gZdh ljm^gh k_[_ ij_^klZ\blv qlh[u ^Z`_

kh\k_f xgZy ^_\mrdZ ihemj_[_ghd \uoh^y aZfm` \ ^_gv k\Z^v[u fh]eZ ^himkdZlv lZdb_ g_e_ihklb dZd @xeb JZa\_ qlh \ kljmdlmj_ __ ebqghklb kh^_j`blky we_f_gl \_k_ehklb g_ kh\k_f ghjfZevghc

² Hl_p g_ jZa iulZeky ihm[Z\blv fhx \_k_ehklv ihlhfm qlh y kebrdhf m` [mjgh \ujZ`ZeZ k\hx jZ^hklv Z wlh kqblZ_lky g_ih^h[Zxsbf b fhx [helh\gx bklhedh\u\Zeb \ ^mjgmx klhjhgm bf_ggh hllh]h qlh \ g_c g_ [ueh gbq_]h ^mjgh]h Q_]h lhevdh g_ \ul\hjyeZ y k ih^\_g_qghc nZlhc k ieZlv_f b p\_lZfb <_q_jhf f_gy lhj`_kl\_ggh ih\_eb \ kiZevgx b hklZ\beb h^gm Z y klZeZ ijb^mfu\Zlv dZd [u fg_ dh \k_fm _s_ ihkf_rblv b ih^jZagblv <bdlhjZ

Q_j_a ]h^ ihke_ k\Z^v[u @xeb klZgh\blky kh\k_f ^jm]bf q_eh\_dhf HgZ \hkdebpZ_l² Qm\kl\Z fhb aZklueb fukeb f_jl\u `bagv klZeZ g_\ughkbfh ly`_eZ >mrm gZihegy_l kljZo hg aZfhjZ`b\Z_l qm\kl\Z iZjZebam_l \hex G_l m f_gy ]hehkZ qlh[u ih`Zeh\Zlvky g_l keh\ qlh[u \ujZablv fhb fmq_gvy

Dh]^Z @xeb iulZ_lky i_j_^Zlv k\hb kljZ^Zgby \ ibkvf_ d ih^jm]_©]heh\Z __ iZ^Z_l gZ ]jm^v dZd m mfbjZxs_cª ?_ l_ldZ dhlhjhc hgZ ih\_jy_l k\hb lZcgu_ fmdb ]h\hjbl _c ©;_^gh_ ^bly [jZd [ue ^ey l_[y p_ivx g_ij_ju\guo kljZ^Zgbcª QblZl_ex ohq_lky magZlv qlh `_ ijhbahreh k fheh^_gvdhc `_gsbghc aZ ]h^ [jZdZ b \gh\v _fm ijboh^bl gZ ihfhsv l_ldZ

²Dhjhq_ Zg]_e fhc lu h[h`Z_rv k\h_]h <bdlhjZ gh lu ij_^ihqeZ [u [ulv _]h k_kljhc Z g_ `_ghc [jZd ^ey l_[y hdZaZeky kiehrguf jZahqZjh\Zgb_f

Fh`gh ij_^iheh`blv qlh <bdlhj \ k_dkmZevghf hlghr_gbb ihdZaZe k_[y ]jm[uf ihreuf jZa\jZlgbdhf gh wlh _^\Z eb \hafh`gh lZd dZd hg ex[bl k\hx @xeb©^h [_amfbyªHq_\b^gh ijbqbgZ djh_lky \ q_f lh bghf <bdlhj g_ m^h\e_l\hjy_l @xeb dZd q_eh\_d ?s_ ^h [jZdZ hl_p lZd oZjZdl_jbah\Ze _]h

² <bdlhjZ y agZx hg \_k_e gh g_ hkljhmf_g \_k_e ih dZaZjf_gghfm hg [_a^Zj_g b jZklhqbl_e_g Wlh h^bg ba l_o ex^_c dhlhjuo g_[h khl\hjbeh ^ey lh]h qlh[u hgb q_luj_ jZaZ \ ^_gv iehlgh _eb b i_j_\Zjb\Zeb ibsm kiZeb ex[beb i_j\mx ihiZ\rmxky djZkhldm b kjZ`Zebkv @bagb hg g_ ihgbfZ_l Ih ^h[jhl_ k_j^_qghc ² Z k_j^p_ m g_]h ^h[jh_ ² hg ih`Zemc hl^Zkl k\hc dhr_e_d dZdhfm gb[m^v [_^gydm beb ijbyl_ex gh hg [_ki_q_g m g_]h g_l lhc qmldhklb dhlhjZy ^_eZ_l gZk jZ[Zfb kqZklvy ex[bfhc `_gsbgu gh hg g_\_`^Z k_[yex[_p

L_i_jv fu fh`_f ihgylv qlh @xeb [ueZ `_klhdh jZahqZjh\ZgZ gh b wlh hiylv lZdb kljZggh ² \_^v hgZ ex[beZ bf_ggh lhl qbklh \g_rgbc [e_kd dhlhjuc [ue oZjZdl_j_g ^ey <bdlhjZ <hafh`gh hgZ ihl_jyeZ \dmk d wlhfm [e_kdm" Gh lh]^Z \b^bfh \k_ __ j_Zdpbb dhj_gguf h[jZahf baf_gbebkv²\_^v hgZ ly`dh kljZ^Z_l ba aZ gZebqby lh]h qlh jZgvr_ _c lZd gjZ\behkv H^gZdh i_qZev @xeb ghkysZy g_kdhevdh [he_ag_gguc oZjZdl_j [ueZ g_^he]hc MagZ\ qlh fm` _c baf_gy_l hgZ hiylv klZgh\blky kh\_jr_ggh ^jm]bf gh\uf q_eh\_dhf

B hgZ j_rbeZ [hjhlvky k khi_jgbp_c h[hevklblv <bdlhjZ \gh\v ihy\eylvky \ k\_l_ [ebklZlv lZf ijbl\hjylvky qlh ij_bkiheg_gZ ex[\b d fm`m ex[\b dhlhjhc hgZ m`_ g_ fh]eZ qm\kl\h\Zlv aZl_f imklb\ \ oh^ \k_\hafh`gu_ meh\db dhd_lkl\Z b ih^qbgb\ fm`Z k\h_c \he_ \_jl_lv bf dZd ^_eZxl wlh \a[Zefhrgu_ `_gsbgu dhlhjuf ijbylgh fmqblv k\hbo ex[h\gbdh\ HgZ \^jm] ihklb]eZ qlh lZdh_ \_jhehfkl\h e`b\hklv `_gsbg g_ \_^Zxsbo

ex[\b ihklb]eZ dZd h[fZgqb\h b dZd qm^h\bsgh bo dh\Zjkl\h dhlhjh_ ihjh`^Z_l m fm`qbgu ]em[hdmx g_gZ\bklv d `_gsbg_ b \gmrZ_l _fm fukev qlh hgZ ihjhqgZ hl jh`^_gby

Ih ;ZevaZdm \iZ\r_c \ ]em[hdmx f_eZgohebx `_gsbg_ ^hklZlhqgh ijbgylv ih^h[gh_ j_r_gb_ qlh[u ij_\jZlblvky \ dhd_leb\mx k\_lkdmx ev\bpm <g_aZighklv lZdh]h ij_\jZs_gby ki_pbZevgh ih^q_jdb\Z_lky ;ZevaZdhf AZl_y @xeb m\_gqZeZkv iheguf mki_ohf

HgZ keh\gh \g_aZigh h\eZ^_eZ \k_fb ihrehklyfb dhlhju_ ijbf_gyxl kms_kl\Z g_kihkh[gu_ ex[blv lml b dhd_leb\h lhfgZy ihdhjghklv b h[fZg b ijbl\hjkl\h keh\hf p_eZy kbkl_fZ hl\jZlbl_evguo ijb_fh\ dhlhjufb ^hklb]Z_lky ebrv g_gZ\bklv fm`qbg d ih^h[guf `_gsbgZf b \hafms_gb_ lZdhc \jh`^_gghc dZd hgb kqblZxl ihjhqghklvx

< ]hklbguo gZiheg_gguo baukdZggufb b djZkb\ufb ^ZfZfb @xeb h^_j`ZeZ ih[_^m gZ^ ]jZnbg_c HgZ [ueZ hkljhmfgZ h`b\e_gZ \_k_eZ b \hdjm] g__ kh[jZeky \_kv p\_l h[s_kl\Z D \_ebdhfm g_m^h\hevkl\bx `_gsbg lmZe_l __ [ue [_amij_q_g \k_ aZ\b^h\Zeb ihdjhx __ ieZlvy b lhfm dZd kb^bl gZ g_c dhjkZ`²wlh h[uqgh ijbibku\Z_lky bah[j_lZl_evghklb dZdhc gb[m^v g_\_^hfhc ihjlgbob b[h ^Zfu ij_^ihqblZxl \_jblv \ fZkl_jkl\h r\_b g_`_eb ih \_jblv \ bays_kl\h b kljhcghklv `_gsbgu

Ikboheh]bq_kdb \jy^ eb fukebfh qlh[u lhgdZy kdehggZy d f_eZgohebb `_gsbgZ \^jm] klZeZ hlqZygghc dhd_ldhc ebrv ihlhfm qlh hgZ lZd j_rbeZ LZd `_ ikboheh]bq_kdb g_kh\f_klbfu kljZklgZy ex[h\v @xeb d ehj^m =j_g\bex b __ iZl_lbq_kdbc hldZa klZlv _]h \haex[e_gghc ijb bklbgghc ex[\b lZd g_ [u\Z_l

²Fbehj^²kdZaZeZ @xeb ijbljZ]b\Zykv d _]h jmd_²ijhrm \Zk khojZgbl_ lm `bagv dhlhjmx \u fg_ \_jgmeb qbklhc b g_aZiylgZgghc GZrb ^hjh]b jZkoh^ylky gZ\k_]^Z

<_ebq_kl\_ggh ]ey^y gZ ehj^Z hgZ aZ\_jy_l _]h qlh hklZg_lky \_jghc `_ghc k\h_]h fm`Z Ij_^Zgghklv __ fm`m hlgug_ [m^_l [_a]jZgbqgZ gh \k_ `_ hgZ \k_]^Z [m^_l `blv ijb g_f ©\^h\hcªIZnhk @xeb ij_^klZ\ey_lky l_f [he__ g_bkdj_ggbf e`b\uf qlh fu \ihke_^kl\bb magZ_f h __ gZjmr_gbb klhev lhj`_kl\_ggh]h h[_sZgby Ke_^m_l ih^q_jdgmlv _s_ jZa qlh ijbl\hjguc iZnhk b bkdj_gg__ qm\kl\h ikboheh]bq_kdb g_kh\f_klbfu Ihke_ kf_jlb ehj^Z =j_g\bey ih`_jl\h\Z\r_]h `bagvx jZ^b kiZk_gby @xeb k g_x ijhbkoh^bl hq_j_^gh_ ij_\jZs_gb_ HgZ \gh\v gZihfbgZ_l gZf fZe_gvdmx @xeb ihke_ i_j\h]h ]h^Z kmijm`_kdhc `bagb IjZ\^Z l_i_jv ^ey ]em[hdhc i_qZeb _klv \k_ hkgh\Zgby h^gZdh wlZ i_qZev ijbgbfZ_l [he_ag_ggu_ nhjfu b ^eblky kebrdhf ^he]h M_a`Zy \ k\h_ bf_gb_ @xeb kb^bl hldbgm\rbkv gZ kibgdm lZjZglZkZ©dZd kf_jl_evgh [hevgZyªHgZ `b\_l \ iheghf h^bghq_kl\_ hldZau\Z_lky ijbgbfZlv ibsm @xeb j_rZ_l `^Zlv dhgpZ a^_kv \ wlhc dhfgZl_ ]^_ g_dh]^Z mf_jeZ __ [Z[mrdZ

Qm\kl\Z __ g_ m\yeb g_ aZqZoeb Z keh\gh hdZf_g_eb ih^ \ebygb_f g_\ughkbfhc b g_kdhgqZ_fhc [heb F_klguc k\ys_ggbd ihke_ g_kdhevdbo [_k_^ k g_x m[_^beky \ lhf qlh khklhygb_ __ \ kZfhf ^_e_ m`ZkZxs__ G_kfhljy gZ \_kvfZ ^h[jh`_eZl_evgh_ hlghr_gb_ d @xeb hg jhgy_l jZabl_evgmx njZam ©>Z km^Zjugy \u ijZ\u ^ey \Zk emqr_ [ueh [u mf_j_lvª

Gh _keb a^_kv _s_ fh`gh ihqm\kl\h\Zlv p_evghklv ebqghklb ohly [u \ ©p_evghklb kljZ^Zgbyªlh \ hlghr_gbb @xeb d j_[_gdm fu klZedb\Z_fky k gh\uf \ZjbZglhf __ ebqghklb D k\h_c ^_\hqd_ hgZ oheh^gZ b Z[khexlgh jZ\gh^mrgZ ^Z`_ \b^_lv __ g_ ohq_l Dh]^Z j_[_ghd h[jZsZ_lky d g_c k \hijhkhf beb k ijhkv[hc @xeb ijh]hgy_l __ ijhqv DZd `_ h[tykgy_l wlh

;ZevaZd" GbdZd Hg h]jZgbqb\Z_lky l_f qlh g_kdhevdh jZa aZ^Z_l qblZl_ex jblhjbq_kdbc \hijhk ©G_ kljZrgu eb g_ qm^h\bsgu eb fmq_gby qlh aZ]emrbeb ]hehk fZl_jbgkl\Z \ `_gsbg_ klhev fheh^hc"ª Ih^ \ebygb_f _s_ h^gh]h fm`qbgu dhlhjuc klZgh\blky __ \haex[e_gguf k @xeb kgh\Z ijhbkoh^bl iheg_crZy f_lZfhjnhaZ HgZ i_j_`b\Z_l b^beebx gZ ehg_ ijbjh^u k ^jm]hf b ^\mfy ^_lvfb ba dhlhjuo i_j\Zy²g_ex[bfZy ^hqv²hl fm`Z \lhjZy `_²]hjyqh ex[bfZy²hl ^jm]Z Dm^Z ^_\ZeZkv `_gsbgZ hlebqZ\rZyky klhev kljh]hc fhjZevx"L_i_jv hgZ [_aaZ[hlgh j_a\blky b g_`gbqZ_l kh k\hbf \haex[e_gguf m \k_o gZ \b^m DZ`_lky kljZgguf qlh fm` gbq_]h g_ ih^haj_\Z_l ohly \hkvfbe_lgyy ^hqv \k_ aZf_qZ_l b kfhljbl gZ fZlv kh kdjulhc \jZ`^_[ghklvx Ih oh^m ^Zevg_cr_]h ih\_kl\h\Zgby fu k @xeb m`_ ihqlb g_ klZedb\Z_fky HgZ bah[jZ`_gZ \ djm]m k_fvb \k_ k l_f `_ fm`_f b m`_ k q_lujvfy ^_lvfb Gh ijh^he`_gb_ __ bklhjbb bah[jZ`Z_lky m`_ \ km]m[h ijbdexq_gq_kdhf ^mo_ \b^bfh \ ^mo_©[mev\ZjguoªjhfZgh\ dhlhju_ Z\lhj ibkZe \ xghklb Lml _klv b m[bcpZ bsmsbc m[_`bsZ hl ij_ke_^h\Zl_e_c \ ^hf_ @xeb b jhdh\Zy ex[h\v k i_j\h]h \a]ey^Z d g_fm klZjr_c ^hq_jb @xeb b ibjZlkdh_ km^gh gZqZevgbdhf dhlhjh]h klZgh\blky m[bcpZ b kp_gu `_klhdhc jZkijZ\u k ie_ggbdZfb gZ iZem[_ \ lh \j_fy dZd fheh^Zy `_gZ ^hqv @xeb m g__ lh`_ m`_ q_l\_jh ^_l_c b^beebq_kdb ijhoeZ`^Z_lky \ dZxl_ b gZiZ^_gb_ ibjZlh\ gZ dhjZ[ev gZ dhlhjhf iml_r_kl\m_l @xeb k fm`_f b k ^_lvfb b mgbqlh`_gb_ \k_o iZkkZ`bjh\ djhf_ @xeb k ex[bfhc ^hq_jvx :ihn_hahf jhfZgZ y\ey_lky ihegZy j_abgvypby @xeb JZamf__lky ikboheh]bq_kdbc jhfZg g_ h[yaZl_evgh ^he`_g ij_^klZ\eylv gZ k\hbo kljZgbpZo Zdp_glmbjh\Zgguo ebqghkl_c Gh \k_ `_ p_evghklv ebqghklb ^he`gZ [ulv ohlv \ dZdhc lh f_j_ kh[ex^_gZ < ZgZebabjm_fhf jhfZg_ wlZ p_evghklv gZjmr_gZ ]jm[_crbf h[jZahf Ih\_^_gb_ @xeb \ jZagh_ \j_fy g_ lhevdh \Zjvbjm_l qlh _s_ fh`gh [ueh [u h[tykgblv baf_gb\rbfbky h[klhyl_evkl\Zfb Z \hafh`gh b iZlheh]bq_kdbf jZa\blb_f gh \ __ j_Zdpbyo hlf_qZxlky ikboheh]bq_kdb g_kh\f_klbfu_ ijhlb\hj_qby M GZgZ _s_ fh`gh [ueh k^_eZlv ihiuldm hlukdZlv ©ikboheh]bq_kdb_ fhkluª dhlhju_ fh]eb ©k\yau\Zlvª __ \gmlj_ggb_ baf_g_gby M @xeb wlh \hh[s_ bkdexq_gh KgZqZeZ hgZ klhev lhgdh qm\kl\bl_evgZ qlh ih\k_^g_\gZy kmijm`_kdZy jmlbgZ ^h\h^bl __ ^h [he_agb ^h hlqZygby G_ihkj_^kl\_ggh ihke_ wlh]h hgZ ihdZaZgZ dZd h^gZ ba kZfuo [e_klysbo b m\_j_gguo dhd_lhd [hevrh]h k\_lZ k dhlhjhc g_ fh`_l kjZ\gblvky gb h^gZ `_gsbgZ GZ kf_jlv [ebadh]h ^jm]Z hgZ j_Z]bjm_l qj_a\uqZcgh qm\kl\bl_evgh \ lh `_ \j_fy g_ ijhy\ey_l gbdZdhc qmldhklb d kh[kl\_gghfm j_[_gdm g__kl_kl\_ggh oheh^gZ d g_fm Ih^ dhg_p hgZ [_afyl_`gh gZkeZ`^Z_lky `bagvx hldjulh h[fZgu\Zy fm`Z k ex[h\gbdhf Ohly \ jhfZg_ _klv fgh]h p_gguo gZ[ex^_gbc gZ^ lh]^Zrgbf h[s_kl\hf ohly _]h kljZgbpu k\b^_l_evkl\mxl h agZgbb ex^_c h^gZdh ^mfZ_lky qlh lZdh_ ij_g_[j_`_gb_ d p_evghklb ebqghklb ikboheh]bq_kdb g_^himklbfh <f_klh ©Ljb^pZlbe_lg_c `_gsbguªy fh] [u ijb\_klb b jy^ ^jm]bo jhfZgh\ ;ZevaZdZ qlh[u ijh^_fhgkljbjh\Zlv j_adb_ i_j_f_gu \ kljmdlmj_ ebqghklb _]h i_jkhgZ`_c Hkh[_ggh ihdZaZl_e_g \ wlhf kfuke_ <hlj_g dhlhjuc bah[jZ`Z_lky \ g_kdhevdbo ijhba\_^_gbyo g_j_^dh gZ ijhly`_gbb ^Z`_ h^gh]h jhfZgZ <hlj_g g_kdhevdh jZa ij_^klZ_l bguf q_eh\_dhf K dmabghc ;_llhc ba h^ghbf_ggh]h jhfZgZ lZdb_ f_lZfhjnhau gZ i_j\uc \a]ey^ g_ ijhbkoh^yl \ky __ `bagv ih^qbg_gZ h^ghfm _^bgkl\_gghfm kljZklghfm `_eZgbx²hlhfklblv k_klj_ d dhlhjhc hgZ ihklhyggh bkiulu\Z_l j_\ghklv b aZ\bklv H^gZdh f_lZfhjnhau ebqghklb bf_xlky b a^_kv lhevdh ;ZevaZd ijb^Ze bf hkh[mx nhjfm dZd [u h[t_^bgb\ \ dmabg_ ;_ll_ ^\_ jZaebqgu_ ebqghklb HgZ lZcdhf ijbgbfZ_l f_ju d lhfm qlh[u [jhkblv l_gv gZ q_klv k_fvb k\h_c k_klju qlh[u imklblv wlm k_fvx ih fbjm gh h^gh\j_f_ggh y\ey_lky ^h[juf Zg]_ehf k_fvb __ kiZkbl_evgbp_c Dh]^Z ;_llZ mfbjZ_l k_kljZ k ^_lvfb b \gmdZfb klhyl m __ kf_jlgh]h h^jZ \k_ ijbkmlkl\mxsb_ \